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RustBook ษڧձ
11. Testing
Katsuki Kobayashi
2019-02-23
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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༧Ί͓ͼ
ൃදऀ C ݴޠ/ARM ΞηϯϒϥͷΈॻ͚Δ
ͱ͍͏͜ͱͰɺଞͷݴޠͱ͔ͬ͞ͺΓͰ͢
ʮ͋ͷݴޠͰʙʙʯͱ͔͍͏ͷ
શମʹฉ͍͍ͯͩ͘͞
ෆʹ࠷ۙ C++ͷຊΛಡ·͞Ε͍ͯ·͢
λεές
ࣾ෩:ʮςετ?ʯ
ʮੈؒҰൠͰ͜Μͳײ͡ʯతͳποίϛܴ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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ࣗಈςετΛॻ͜͏!
μΠΫετϥઌੜᐌ͘ (1972 ͷΤοηΠ)
“Program testing can be very effective way to show the presence of bugs, but it
is hopelessly inadequate for showing their absence.”
όάͷଘࡏΛࣔ͢ޮՌతͳํ๏Ͱ͋Δ͕ɺ
ແ͍ࣄΛࣔ͢ʹઈతʹෆॆͰ͋Δ
Ͱɺ
ʮςετΛؤுΔ͖Ͱͳ͍ʯ
ɺ
ͱ͍͏ҙຯͰͳ͍
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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ਖ਼֬͞ (correctness)
Rust ਖ਼֬͞ʹ͍͔ͭͯͳΓߟ͑ΒΕ͍ͯΔ
͕ɺͬͺΓਖ਼֬Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱͷূ໌େม
Rust ͷܕγεςϜ͜ͷॏΛ୲͍ͬͯΔ
͕ɺܕ͚ͩͰෆਖ਼֬Λશ෦͑ΒΕͳ͍
ͱ͍͏Θ͚ͰɺRust ݴޠϨϕϧͰͷ
ςετͷࣗಈԽΛαϙʔτ͠·͢
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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ྫ: add_two() (1/2)
add_two()
ೖྗ͞Εͨʹ 2 ΛՃ͑ͯฦؔ͢
ೖग़ྗͱʹ
ίϯύΠϧ͢Δͱ Rust ͕νΣοΫ
ܕͷҰக (String ΛೖΕͨΒΤϥʔ)
borrow (มͳࢀরΛͨ͠ΒΤϥʔ)
ؔͷڍಈϊʔνΣοΫ
10 ͞ΕΑ͏͕ 50 Ҿ͔ΕΑ͏͕
ΤϥʔʹͳΒͳ͍
ʮࣗಈςετʯͷग़൪
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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ྫ: add_two() (2/2)
ςετͷํ๏ͷྫ
3 Λ༩͑ͨΒ 5 Λฦ͢ͱ assert ͢Δ
͜ͷςετΛɺίʔυͷมߋͷʹߦͳ͏
ਖ਼͍͠ڍಈΛ͍ͯ͠ΔࣄΛ֬ೝ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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͜ͷνϟϓλʔ
ςετ͍͠ͷͰ
ྑ͍ςετͷৄࡉʹ͍ͭͯΧόʔ͠ͳ͍
Rust ͷςετͷͨΊͷػೳʹ͍ͭͯٞ͢Δ
औΓѻ͏༰
Ξϊςʔγϣϯ
ϚΫϩ
σϑΥϧτͷڍಈ
Φϓγϣϯ
unit test ͱ integration test ͷߏํ๏
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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How to Write Tests
Rust ͷςετ
ίʔυ͕ظ௨Γಈ͔͘Λ֬ೝ͢Δςετؔ
ςετؔͰҰൠʹҎԼͷ 3 ͭͷΞΫγϣϯ
Λ࣮ߦ
ඞཁͳσʔλঢ়ଶΛ४උ͢Δ
ςετ͍ͨ͠ίʔυΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ
݁Ռ͕ظ௨Γ͔Ξαʔτ͢Δ
Ҏ߱ɺRust ͕ςετͷͨΊʹఏڙ͍ͯ͠Δ
ͷΛհ
test attribute
ϚΫϩ
should_panic attributeɺ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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The Anatomy of a Test Function(1/7)
ͿͬͪΌ͚ɺRust ͷςετͱ
test attribute Λ͚ͭͨؔͷ͜ͱ
attribute: Chapt. 5 Ͱͬͨ derive ͱ͔
test attribute ͷ͚ํ:
fn ͷલʹ #[test] Λ͚Δ
test attribute Λ͚Δͱ
cargo test ίϚϯυ
ςετϥϯφʔΛϏϧυ࣮ͯ͠ߦ
ϨϙʔτΛදࣔ (passes or fails)
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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The Anatomy of a Test Function(2/7)
cargo new adder --lib ͢Δ
% cargo new adder --lib
Created library ‘adder‘ package
src/libs.rs ͕ҎԼͷ༰Ͱ࡞͞ΕΔ
1 #[cfg(test)]
2 mod tests {
3 #[test]
4 fn it_works() {
5 assert_eq!(2 + 2, 4);
6 }
7 }
ͱΓ͋͑ͣ #[cfg(test)] ͱ mod tests ͷߦ
ແࢹ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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The Anatomy of a Test Function(3/7)
1 #[cfg(test)]
2 mod tests {
3 #[test]
4 fn it_works() {
5 assert_eq!(2 + 2, 4);
6 }
7 }
#[test]
ςετؔΛࣔ͢
ڞ௨ॲཧΛॻ͘ඇςετؔಉ͡Ϟδϡʔϧ
ʹॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ
assert_eq!(2 + 2, 4)
2 + 2 ͕ 4 Ͱ͋ΔࣄΛΞαʔτ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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The Anatomy of a Test Function(4/7)
% cargo test
Compiling adder v0.1.0 (/home/rare/work/slides/RustBook/samples/adder)
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.53s
Running target/debug/deps/adder-1d0dfd1494bab5c6
running 1 test
test tests::it_works ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
Doc-tests adder
running 0 tests
test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
Playground ͰςετͰ͖Δʜʜ
ignored, filtered ʹ͍ͭͯ࣍અͰઆ໌
measured ʹ͍ͭͯݱࡏ nightly ͚ͩ
ϕϯνϚʔΫςετ༻
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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The Anatomy of a Test Function(5/7)
Doc-tests adder ͱ͍͏ग़ྗ͕͋Δ
υΩϡϝϯτςετͷ݁Ռ
API ͷυΩϡϝϯτͷίʔσΟϯάྫίϯύΠ
ϧ/ςετՄೳ
υΩϡϝϯτͱίʔυͷಉظʹཱͭ!!
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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The Anatomy of a Test Function(5/7)
Doc-tests adder ͱ͍͏ग़ྗ͕͋Δ
υΩϡϝϯτςετͷ݁Ռ
API ͷυΩϡϝϯτͷίʔσΟϯάྫίϯύΠ
ϧ/ςετՄೳ
υΩϡϝϯτͱίʔυͷಉظʹཱͭ!!
Chapt. 14 “Documentation Comments” ͰΔͷ
Ͱεϧʔ͠·͢
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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The Anatomy of a Test Function(6/7)
ςετͷ໊લΛมߋ
it_works() Λ exploration() ʹͯ͠ΈΔ
Playground
ແࣄʹ݁Ռͷදࣔʹө
running 1 test
test tests::exploration ... ok
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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The Anatomy of a Test Function(7/7)
ࣦഊ͢ΔςετΛೖΕͯΈΔ
panic! ϚΫϩΛͬͯ another() ؔΛ࡞Δ
Playground
1 #[test]
2 fn another() {
3 panic!("Make␣this␣test␣fail");
4 }
ແࣄࣦഊ͢Δ (લճΑΓ 2 ߲͕ͭ૿͑ͯΔ)
test tests::another ... FAILED
failures:
---- tests::another stdout ----
thread ’tests::another’ panicked at ’Make this test fail!’, src/lib.rs:10:9
failures:
tests::another
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Checking Results with the assert! (1/5)
assert! ϚΫϩ
true: Կ͠ͳ͍
false: panic! Λίʔϧ
Chapt. 5 ͷ Rectanble ߏମΛྫʹ
Playground
1 #[derive(Debug)]
2 pub struct Rectangle {
3 length: u32,
4 width: u32,
5 }
6
7 impl Rectangle {
8 pub fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
9 self.length > other.length && self.width > other.width
10 }
11 }
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Checking Results with the assert! (2/5)
1 #[derive(Debug)]
2 pub struct Rectangle {
3 length: u32,
4 width: u32,
5 }
6
7 impl Rectangle {
8 pub fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
9 self.length > other.length && self.width > other.width
10 }
11 }
can_hold() ϝιου
ϒʔϧΛฦ͢
→ assert! Ͱͷςετʹ࠷ద!!
length ͕ 8 , width ͕ 7 ͷ Rectangle ͕
length ͕ 5 , width ͕ 1 ͷ Rectangle Λ hold Ͱ
͖ΔࣄΛςετ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Checking Results with the assert! (3/5)
larger_can_hold_smaller() ςετ
Playground (use super::*; ͢Δඞཁ͋Γ)
1 #[test]
2 fn larger_can_hold_smaller() {
3 let larger = Rectangle { length: 8, width: 7 };
4 let smaller = Rectangle { length: 5, width: 1 };
5
6 assert!(larger.can_hold(&smaller));
7 }
running 1 test
test tests::larger_can_hold_smaller ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
can_hold() true Λฦ͢ͷͰ pass ͢Δ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Checking Results with the assert! (4/5)
smaller_cannot_hold_larger() ςετ
Playground
1 #[test]
2 fn smaller_cannot_hold_larger() {
3 let larger = Rectangle { length: 8, width: 7 };
4 let smaller = Rectangle { length: 5, width: 1 };
5
6 assert!(!smaller.can_hold(&larger)); // ’!’ ͕ϛι
7 }
running 2 tests
test tests::larger_can_hold_smaller ... ok
test tests::smaller_cannot_hold_larger ... ok
test result: ok. 2 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
can_hold() ͕ false Λฦ͢ͷͰ pass ͢Δ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Checking Results with the assert! (5/5)
όάΛࠐΜͰΈΔ
length ͷෆ߸͕ٯ
Playground
1 impl Rectangle {
2 pub fn can_hold(&self, other: &Rectangle) -> bool {
3 self.length < other.length && self.width > other.width
4 } // ^
5 }
ݟ௨Γ fail ͢Δ
running 2 tests
test tests::larger_can_hold_smaller ... FAILED
test tests::smaller_cannot_hold_larger ... ok
failures:
---- tests::larger_can_hold_smaller stdout ----
thread ’tests::larger_can_hold_smaller’ panicked at ’assertion failed: larger.
note: Run with ‘RUST_BACKTRACE=1‘ for a backtrace.
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Testing Equality with the assert_eq! (1/4)
ςετͷҰൠతͳํ๏ظͱ݁Ռͷൺֱ
assert! ϚΫϩʹ == Λͯ͠Α͍
assert_eq!, assert_ne! ϚΫϩ͋Δ
͜ΕΒظͱ݁Ռͷ྆ํΛදࣔͯ͘͠ΕΔ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Testing Equality with the assert_eq! (2/4)
add_two() ʹΑΔྫ: (Playground)
1 fn main() {}
2 pub fn add_two(a: i32) -> i32 {
3 a + 2
4 }
5
6 #[cfg(test)]
7 mod tests {
8 use super::*;
9
10 #[test]
11 fn it_adds_two() {
12 assert_eq!(4, add_two(2));
13 }
14 }
test tests::it_adds_two ... ok
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Testing Equality with the assert_eq! (3/4)
ࣦഊ͢ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ (Playground)
1 fn main() {}
2 pub fn add_two(a: i32) -> i32 {
3 a + 3 // ͳ͔ͥ 3 Λ͢
4 }
thread ’tests::it_adds_two’ panicked at ’assertion failed: ‘(left == right)‘
left: ‘4‘,
right: ‘5‘’, src/lib.rs:11:9
left ͱ right ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ
ଞͷݴޠςετϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͩͱ expected
ͱ actual ͱݺΜͩΓ͢Δ
Rust ظͱ݁Ռͷॱ൪Λؾʹ͠ͳ͍ͷͰ
assert_eq!(add_two(2), 4); ͱͯ͠ OK
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Testing Equality with the assert_eq! (4/4)
assert_ne!ϚΫϩ͋Δ
2 ͭͷ͕ҟͳΕ passɺ͚͠Ε fail
ʮ݁Ռ͕ਖ਼֬ʹղΒͳ͍͕ಛఆͷʹͳΒͳ͍ʯ
ͱ͍͏ςετʹ͏
ྫ͑ɺ݁Ռ͕࣮ߦ͢Δ࣌ؒʹΑͬͯมԽ͢Δ
ͷ
assert_eq!ͱ assert_ne!
༻͢Δʹ PartialEq ͱ Debug τϨΠτ͕࣮
͞Ε͍ͯΔඞཁ͕͋Δ
’==’ ͱ ’! =’ Ͱൺֱ
݁ՌΛσόοάϑΥʔϚοτͰදࣔ͢Δ
ಠࣗʹ࣮ͨ͠ߏମ enum ʹ͍ͭͯ
#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)] ͱ͚Εେ
OK
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Adding Custom Failure Messages(1/5)
ࣦഊ࣌ͷϝοηʔδΛՃͰ͖Δ
assert!, assert_eq!, assert_ne! ϚΫϩͷҾ
ͷଓ͖ʹ format! ϚΫϩʹ͢ҾΛ͚Δ
“{} textholder” Λॻ͍ͯΛදࣔͰ͖Δ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Adding Custom Failure Messages(2/5)
greet ؔʹΑΔྫ
(Playground)
1 pub fn greeting(name: &str) -> String {
2 format!("Hello␣{}!", name)
3 }
4
5 #[cfg(test)]
6 mod tests {
7 use super::*;
8
9 #[test]
10 fn greeting_contains_name() {
11 let result = greeting("Carol");
12 assert!(result.contains("Carol"));
13 }
14 }
ࠓޙͷ༷มԽͷରԠͷͨΊɺग़ྗʹҾ
(໊લ) ؚ͕·Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͱςετ͍ͯ͠Δ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Adding Custom Failure Messages(3/5)
વɺςετ௨Δ
running 1 test
test tests::greeting_contains_name ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
Ͱɺյ͠·͠ΐ͏
(Playground)
1 pub fn greeting(_name: &str) -> String {
2 String::from("Hello!") // ҾΛؚ·ͳ͍Α͏ʹ
3 }
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Adding Custom Failure Messages(4/5)
յΕ·ͨ͠
failures:
---- tests::greeting_contains_name stdout ----
thread ’tests::greeting_contains_name’ panicked at \
’assertion failed: result.contains("Carol")’, src/lib.rs:12:9
note: Run with ‘RUST_BACKTRACE=1‘ for a backtrace.
Ͱ
ςετ͕ࣦഊͨ͠ assert ͷ༰͚ͩදࣔ͞ΕΔ
result.contains("Carol")
greeting() ؔͷग़ྗΛදࣔͨ͠ํ͕ศར
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Adding Custom Failure Messages(5/5)
ςετΛมߋ͢Δ
(Playground)
1 #[test]
2 fn greeting_contains_name() {
3 let result = greeting("Carol");
4 assert!(
5 result.contains("Carol"),
6 "Greeting␣did␣not␣contain␣name,␣value␣was␣‘{}‘", result
7 );
8 }
failures:
---- tests::greeting_contains_name stdout ----
thread ’tests::greeting_contains_name’ panicked at \
’Greeting did not contain name, value was ‘Hello!‘’, src/lib.rs:12:9
note: Run with ‘RUST_BACKTRACE=1‘ for a backtrace.
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Panic with should_panic (1/8)
݁Ռ͕ਖ਼͍͔͠ͷνΣοΫ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺΤϥʔ
݅ʹ͍ͭͯͷνΣοΫॏཁ
ྫͱͯ͠ Guess type(9 ষ) Ͱઆ໌͠·͢
ߏମͷ value ϑΟʔϧυ: 1 ∼ 100
new() ϝιουͰ͕ൣғ֎ͳ panic ͢Δ
1 pub struct Guess {
2 value: i32,
3 }
4 impl Guess {
5 pub fn new(value: i32) -> Guess {
6 if value < 1 || value > 100 {
7 panic!("Guess␣value␣must␣be␣between␣1␣and␣100,␣got␣{}.", value);
8 }
9 Guess {
10 value
11 }
12 }
13 }
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Panic with should_panic (2/8)
ൣғ֎ͷΛೖΕͯ panic ͤ͞ΔςετΛॻ͘
attribute ΛՃ͢Δ : should_panic
panic ͨ͠Β pass, ͠ͳ͔ͬͨΒ fail
(Playground)
1 #[cfg(test)]
2 mod tests {
3 use super::*;
4
5 #[test]
6 #[should_panic] // ॱ൪ٯͰྑ͍༷
7 fn greater_than_100() {
8 Guess::new(200);
9 }
10 }
running 1 test
test tests::greater_than_100 ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Panic with should_panic (3/8)
όάΛࠐΈ·͠ΐ͏
(Playground)
1 impl Guess {
2 pub fn new(value: i32) -> Guess {
3 if value < 1 /* ΑΓେ͖͍݅Λফ͢ 100 */ {
4 panic!("Guess␣value␣must␣be␣between␣1␣and␣100,␣got␣{}.",
5 value);
6 }
7 Guess {
8 value
9 }
10 }
11 }
ແࣄʹࣦഊ͢Δ
running 1 test
test tests::greater_than_100 ... FAILED
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Panic with should_panic (4/8)
running 1 test
test tests::greater_than_100 ... FAILED
ϝοηʔδ͕ෆ
Ճ͑ͯɺshould_panic ෆਖ਼֬ʹͳΓ͕ͪ
ςετ͕ظͱҟͳΔ panic Λىͯ͜͠ pass
͢Δ
͏ͪΐͬͱ͔ͭਖ਼֬ʹ͢ΔͨΊʹ
expected ύϥϝʔλʔΛ should_panic
attribute ʹՃ͢Δ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Panic with should_panic (5/8)
new() ϝιουΛมߋ
ॳظ͕େ͖͗͢Δ͔ɺখ͗͢͞Δ͔Ͱɺpanic ࣌
ͷϝοηʔδΛมߋ͢Δ
1 pub fn new(value: i32) -> Guess {
2 if value < 1 {
3 panic!("Guess␣value␣must␣be␣greater␣than␣or␣equal␣to␣1,␣got␣{}.",
4 value);
5 } else if value > 100 {
6 panic!("Guess␣value␣must␣be␣less␣than␣or␣equal␣to␣100,␣got␣{}.",
7 value);
8 }
9 }
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Panic with should_panic (6/8)
should_panic ʹ expected ύϥϝʔλ
(Playground)
panic ࣌ͷϝοηʔδͷ substring Λࢦఆ͢Δ
1 #[cfg(test)]
2 mod tests {
3 use super::*;
4
5 #[test]
6 #[should_panic(
7 expected = "Guess value must be less than or equal to 100")]
8 fn greater_than_100() {
9 Guess::new(200);
10 }
11 }
running 1 test
test tests::greater_than_100 ... ok
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Panic with should_panic (7/8)
όάΛࠐΉ
panic ͷจݴΛೖΕସ͑ͨ
(Playground)
1 if value < 1 {
2 panic!("Guess␣value␣must␣be␣less␣than␣or␣equal␣to␣100,␣got␣{}.",
3 value);
4 } else if value > 100 {
5 panic!("Guess␣value␣must␣be␣greater␣than␣or␣equal␣to␣1,␣got␣{}.",
6 value);
7 }
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Panic with should_panic (8/8)
ແࣄࣦഊ͢Δ
ύχοΫͷจݴ͕දࣔ
දࣔ͞ΕΔ͖จݴ͕ note ʹදࣔ
failures:
---- tests::greater_than_100 stdout ----
thread ’tests::greater_than_100’ panicked at \
’Guess value must be greater than or equal to 1, got 200.’, src/lib.rs:14:13
note: Run with ‘RUST_BACKTRACE=1‘ for a backtrace.
note: Panic did not include expected string \
’Guess value must be less than or equal to 100’
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Using Result (1/3)
͜͜·Ͱɺςετʹ panic! Λ͖ͬͯͨ
ςετʹ Result ͑Δ
ઌఔݟͨ it_works() ؔΛ Result Ͱॻ͖͑
ޭ࣌ʹ Ok(()) Λฦ͠ɺࣦഊ࣌ʹจݴΛؚΜͩ
Err Λฦ͢
(Playground)
1 #[cfg(test)]
2 mod tests {
3 #[test]
4 fn it_works() -> Result<(), String> {
5 if 2 + 2 == 4 {
6 Ok(())
7 } else {
8 Err(String::from("two␣plus␣two␣does␣not␣equal␣four"))
9 }
10 }
11 }
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Using Result (2/3)
ग़ྗ
test tests::it_works ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
(ࢼ): 2 + 2 Λ 2 + 3 ͱͨ͠ΒҎԼͷΑ͏ʹ
assert_eq! Έ͍ͨͳग़ྗ͕ͩ
ࠨลςετόΠφϦͷ݁Ռ (ඇ 0) ͷΛҙຯ͍ͯ͠
Δ༷
ӈลޭ࣌ͷ݁Ռ (0)
Error: "two plus two does not equal four"
thread ’tests::it_works’ panicked at \
’assertion failed: ‘(left == right)‘
left: ‘1‘,
right: ‘0‘: the test returned a termination value \
with a non-zero status code (1) which indicates a failure’, src/libtest/lib.rs
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Using Result (3/3)
͜ͷํ๏Λ͏߹ #[should_panic]
͑ͳ͍
ସΘΓʹ Err Λฦ͢Α͏ʹ͠·͠ΐ͏
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Controlling How Tests Are Run (1/2)
cargo test ίϚϯυ
ςετϞʔυͰίʔυΛίϯύΠϧ࣮͠ߦ
σϑΥϧτͰશͯͷςετΛύϥϨϧͰ࣮ߦ͠ɺ
࣮ߦதʹੜ͞Εͨग़ྗΛΩϟϓνϟ͢Δ
ίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯͰڍಈΛมߋͰ͖Δ
Φϓγϣϯ 2 छྨ͋Δ
cargo test ͷΦϓγϣϯ
ςετόΠφϦͷΦϓγϣϯ
2 छྨͷΦϓγϣϯηύϨʔλʔ ”-- (ϋΠ
ϑϯ 2 ͭ)“ Ͱׂ͢Δ
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Controlling How Tests Are Run (2/2)
% cargo test --help | head
cargo-test
Execute all unit and integration tests of a local package
USAGE:
cargo test [OPTIONS] [TESTNAME] [-- ...]
OPTIONS:
--lib Test only this package’s library
--bin ... Test only the specified binary
--bins Test all binaries
% cargo test -- --help | head
Compiling hello v0.1.0 (/tmp/hello)
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.59s
Running target/debug/deps/hello-ef71f4ccd46d6561
Usage: --help [OPTIONS] [FILTER]
Options:
--include-ignored
Run ignored and not ignored tests
--ignored Run only ignored tests
--test Run tests and not benchmarks
--bench Run benchmarks instead of tests
--list List all tests and benchmarks
-h, --help Display this message (longer with --help)
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Running Tests in Parallel or Conse...(1/2)
σϑΥϧτͰෳͷςετΛεϨουͰฒ
ྻ࣮ߦ͢Δ
ϑΟʔυόοΫΛߴʹड͚औΕΔ
ϫʔΫεϖʔεͷঢ়ଶڥมʹґଘ͍ͯ͠ͳ
͍ඞཁ͕͋Δ
ବͳྫ
͍͔ͭ͘ͷςετ͕ text-output.txt ʹσʔλΛॻ͘
֤ςετ͕ϑΝΠϧͷσʔλͷʹΑͬͯ assert
͢Δ
ବͳྫͷղܾํ๏
ϑΝΠϧ໊Λมߋ͢Δ
ಉ࣌ʹ࣮ߦ͞Εͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δ
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Running Tests in Parallel or Conse...(2/2)
--test-threads
ςετόΠφϦ༻ͷΦϓγϣϯ
ςετʹ͏εϨουͷΛࢦఆ
% cargo test -- --test-threads=1
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Showing Function Output(1/5)
σϑΥϧτͰςετ͕ pass ͨ͠߹ඪ४ग़
ྗࣺͯΒΕΔ
println!() ΛͬͨؔͰͷྫ
1 fn prints_and_returns_10(a: i32) -> i32 {
2 println!("I␣got␣the␣value␣{}", a);
3 10
4 }
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Showing Function Output(2/5)
ςετίʔυ
(Playground) ͨͩ͠ɺPlayground ͰίϚϯυϥΠϯΦϓγϣϯ͕ͤͳ͍ʜʜ!
1 #[cfg(test)]
2 mod tests {
3 use super::*;
4
5 #[test]
6 fn this_test_will_pass() {
7 let value = prints_and_returns_10(4);
8 assert_eq!(10, value);
9 }
10
11 #[test]
12 fn this_test_will_fail() {
13 let value = prints_and_returns_10(8);
14 assert_eq!(5, value);
15 }
16 }
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Showing Function Output(3/5)
ςετ݁Ռ (Կ͚ͭͳ͍)
pass ͨ͠ςετͷग़ྗදࣔ͞Εͳ͍
running 2 tests
test tests::this_test_will_pass ... ok
test tests::this_test_will_fail ... FAILED
failures:
---- tests::this_test_will_fail stdout ----
I got the value 8
thread ’tests::this_test_will_fail’ panicked at ’assertion failed: ‘(left == r
left: ‘5‘,
right: ‘10‘’, src/lib.rs:20:9
note: Run with ‘RUST_BACKTRACE=1‘ for a backtrace.
failures:
tests::this_test_will_fail
test result: FAILED. 1 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
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Showing Function Output(4/5)
cargo test -- --nocapture Ͱ࣮ߦ
ޭ࣌ͷදࣔग़ྗ͞ΕΔ
ςετग़ྗͱςετͷ݁Ռ͕ΠϯλϦʔϒ͞Εͯ
͠·͏ˡ ฒྻ࣮ߦ͢ΔͨΊ
running 2 tests
I got the value 8
thread ’I got the value 4
tests::this_test_will_fail’ panicked at ’assertion failed: ‘(left == right)‘
left: ‘5‘,
right: ‘10‘’, src/lib.rs:20:9
note: Run with ‘RUST_BACKTRACE=1‘ environment variable to display a backtrace.
test tests::this_test_will_pass ... ok
test tests::this_test_will_fail ... FAILED
failures:
failures:
tests::this_test_will_fail
test result: FAILED. 1 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Showing Function Output(5/5)
cargo test -- --test-threads=1
--nocapture Ͱ࣮ߦ
running 2 tests
test tests::this_test_will_fail ... I got the value 8
thread ’main’ panicked at ’assertion failed: ‘(left == right)‘
left: ‘5‘,
right: ‘10‘’, src/lib.rs:20:9
note: Run with ‘RUST_BACKTRACE=1‘ environment variable to display a backtrace.
FAILED
test tests::this_test_will_pass ... I got the value 4
ok
failures:
failures:
tests::this_test_will_fail
test result: FAILED. 1 passed; 1 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
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Running a Subset of Tests (1/5)
શͯͷ test suite Λ࣮ߦ͢Δͱ͔͔࣌ؒΔ
߹͕͋Δ
cargo test ʹ࣮ߦ͍ͨ͠ςετ໊ΛҾͱ͠
ͯ༩͑ΒΕΔ
ྫͱͯ͠ add_two() ؔͷςετΛ 3 ͭॻ͘
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Running a Subset of Tests (2/5)
(Playground)
1 #[cfg(test)]
2 mod tests {
3 use super::*;
4
5 #[test]
6 fn add_two_and_two() {
7 assert_eq!(4, add_two(2));
8 }
9
10 #[test]
11 fn add_three_and_two() {
12 assert_eq!(5, add_two(3));
13 }
14
15 #[test]
16 fn one_hundred() {
17 assert_eq!(102, add_two(100));
18 }
19 }
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Running a Subset of Tests (3/5)
ී௨ʹ cargo test
running 3 tests
test tests::add_three_and_two ... ok
test tests::add_two_and_two ... ok
test tests::one_hundred ... ok
test result: ok. 3 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
cargo test one_hundred
2 ͭͷςετ͕࣮ߦ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ࣄ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ
running 1 test
test tests::one_hundred ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; \
2 filtered out
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Running a Subset of Tests (4/5)
cargo test add
ςετ໊ͷҰ෦͚ͩॻ͍ͯΑ͘ɺώοτͨ͠ς
ετ͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ
one_hundred ςετ͚࣮ͩߦ͞Εͳ͍
ςετ໊Ϟδϡʔϧ໊ͰࢦఆͰ͖Δ
cargo test e ͱ͔Ͱશ෦͔͔Δ
running 2 tests
test tests::add_three_and_two ... ok
test tests::add_two_and_two ... ok
test result: ok. 2 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 1 filtered out
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Running a Subset of Tests (5/5)
ignore attribute
--ignored ΦϓγϣϯΛ͚ͨͱ͖͚࣮ͩߦ
1 #[test]
2 #[ignore]
3 fn expensive_test() {
4 // code that takes an hour to run
5 }
% cargo test
running 2 tests
test expensive_test ... ignored
test it_works ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 1 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
^^^^^^^^^
% cargo test -- --ignored
running 1 test
test expensive_test ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 1 filtered out
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Test Organization
ςετෳࡶ
ਓʹΑͬͯ༻ޠߏ͕ҟͳΔ
Rust ίϛϡχςΟʔͰೋͭͷΧςΰϦͷ໘Ͱ
ςετΛߟ͑Δ
unit test
খ͍͞୯Ґ (Ϟδϡʔϧͱ͔) ͰϑΥʔΧεͯ͠
ϓϥΠϕʔτͳΠϯλʔϑΣʔεςετ
integration test
֎෦ͷίʔυ͕ϥΠϒϥϦΛ͏Α͏ʹςετ
ެ։ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͷΈΛଞͷϞδϡʔϧͱҰ
ॹʹ࣮ߦͯ͠ςετ
ςετΛॻ͘͜ͱɺϥΠϒϥϦͷஅย͕ɺ
ผʑʹɺҰॹʹɺظ௨Γʹಈ͘͜ͱΛ֬ೝ͢
ΔͨΊʹॏཁͰ͋Δ
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Unit Tests (1/5)
unit test ͷత
ίʔυͷ֤୯Ґ͕ଞͷίʔυ͔ΒͰ͖͍ͯ
Δ͔
Ͳͷ෦͕ਖ਼͘͠ಈ͍ͯɺͲͷ෦͕ਖ਼͘͠ಈ͍
͍ͯͳ͍͔
׳शతʹ
src ҎԼͷ֤ϑΝΠϧͰ tests ͱ͍͏໊લͷϞ
δϡʔϧΛ࡞
tests ϞδϡʔϧςετؔΛ࣋ͪɺ cfg(test)
ͰΞϊςʔτ͞ΕΔ
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Unit Tests (2/5)
#[cfg(test)]
ίϯύΠϥʹ cargo test ͰͷΈϏϧυ͢ΔΑ͏
ڭ͑Δ
ίϯύΠϧ࣌ؒϑΝΠϧαΠζΛ͑Δ
ޙͰΔ integration test src ʹஔ͔ͳ͍͠ɺ
#[cfg(test)] ͚ͳ͍
cargo new --lib Ͱੜ͞ΕΔίʔυʹ͍
ͯΔ (Playground)
Ϟδϡʔϧதͷϔϧύʔؔʹద༻͞ΕΔ
1 #[cfg(test)]
2 mod tests {
3 #[test]
4 fn it_works() {
5 assert_eq!(2 + 2, 4);
6 }
7 }
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Unit Tests (3/5)
ϓϥΠϕʔτؔΛςετ͢Δ͔൱͔
ٞ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
ଞͷݴޠͩͱɺ͔ͬͨ͠ΓɺෆՄೳͩͬͨΓ
Rust ͷ privacy rule ͳΒͰ͖ͯ͠·͏
ϓϥΠϕʔτؔ internal_adder() Ͱߟ
͑Δ
1 pub fn add_two(a: i32) -> i32 {
2 internal_adder(a, 2)
3 }
4
5 fn internal_adder(a: i32, b: i32) -> i32 {
6 a + b
7 }
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Unit Tests (4/5)
ςετຊମ
internal_addr() Λίʔϧ
(Playground)
1 #[cfg(test)]
2 mod tests {
3 use super::*;
4
5 #[test]
6 fn internal() {
7 assert_eq!(4, internal_adder(2, 2));
8 }
9 }
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Unit Tests (5/5)
internal_addr() pub ͕͍͍ͯͳ͍
tests ୯ʹผͷϞδϡʔϧͰ͋ΔͷͰ
internal_addr() Λ tests ͷείʔϓʹ࣋ͬͯ
͍͚Δ
running 1 test
test tests::internal ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
ϓϥΠϕʔτؔςετ͠ͳ͍͖ͷํ
ʹಛʹԿڧ͍·ͤΜ
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Integration Tests (1/11)
ϥΠϒϥϦͷެ։ API Λଞͷίʔυ͕͏ͷͱ
ಉ͡Α͏ʹςετ͢Δ
తϥΠϒϥϦͷύʔπ͕ɺҰॹʹਖ਼͘͠ಈ͘
͔Λςετ͢Δ͜ͱ
୯ମͰಈ࡞͢Δ͚Ͳ integrate ͞ΕΔͱΛى
͜͢͜ͱ··͋Δ
integrate ͞Εͨίʔυͷ test coverage ॏཁ
integration test ͷͨΊʹɺ·ͣ tests σΟϨ
ΫτϦΛ࡞Δ
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Integration Tests (2/11)
tests σΟϨΫτϦ
ϓϩδΣΫτͷҰ൪্ͷϨϕϧʹ࡞Δ (src ͱಉ͡
֊)
cargo ͕ͦ͜Λݟͯɺ֤ϑΝΠϧ͝ͱʹ crate Λ
࡞Δ
୯ମςετͷ src/lib.rs Λͪΐͬͱมߋ͠
ͯ tests/integration_test.rs ʹϦωʔϜ
1 use adder;
2
3 #[test]
4 fn internal() {
5 assert_eq!(4, adder::add_two(2));
6 }
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Integration Tests (3/11)
1 use adder;
2
3 #[test]
4 fn internal() {
5 assert_eq!(4, adder::add_two(2));
6 }
Կ͕มΘͬͨ?
use super::*; ͕ use adder; ʹ
test ͕ผ crate Ͱ͋ΔͨΊ
ϥΠϒϥϦ໊ adder ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ (1 ഊ)
Cargo.toml ͷ name Λॻ͚ OK
#cfg(test) ͕ͳ͍
tests σΟϨΫτϦʹஔ͍ͨ͜ͱͰ cargo ͕ͦͷΑ͏
ʹѻͬͯ͘ΕΔ
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Integration Tests (3/11)
1 use adder;
2
3 #[test]
4 fn internal() {
5 assert_eq!(4, adder::add_two(2));
6 }
Կ͕มΘͬͨ?
use super::*; ͕ use adder; ʹ
test ͕ผ crate Ͱ͋ΔͨΊ
ϥΠϒϥϦ໊ adder ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ (1 ഊ)
Cargo.toml ͷ name Λॻ͚ OK
#cfg(test) ͕ͳ͍
tests σΟϨΫτϦʹஔ͍ͨ͜ͱͰ cargo ͕ͦͷΑ͏
ʹѻͬͯ͘ΕΔ
Playground ͰͲ͏͠Α͏ͳ͍ orz
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Integration Tests (4/11)
% cargo test
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.00s
Running target/debug/deps/adder-1d0dfd1494bab5c6
running 0 tests
test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
Running target/debug/deps/integration_test-22e1bbc18e3cf744
running 1 test
test it_adds_two ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
Doc-tests adder
running 0 tests
test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
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Integration Tests (5/11)
߲͕ 3 ͭදࣔ͞ΕΔ
unit test: ͖͞΄Ͳ·Ͱͷ
integration test
doc test
integration test
Running target/debug/deps/integration_test-XXXXXX
ͷߦ͔Β࢝·͍ͬͯΔ
ͦͷޙɺ֤ςετͷ݁Ռ͕ग़ྗ͞Εɺ࠷ޙʹ
summary ͕ग़ͯ͘Δ
ͦͯ͠ doc test ͕ଓ͘
tests σΟϨΫτϦʹೖΕͨϑΝΠϧຖʹηΫγϣ
ϯ͕Ͱ͖ͯ݁Ռදࣔ͞ΕΔ
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Integration Tests (6/11)
cargo test ͷҾͰಛఆͷςετΛ࣮ߦ
--test ΦϓγϣϯΛ cargo ʹ͢
--test Λ͚ͭͳ͍ͱɺunit, integration, doc Ͱ֘
͢ΔؔͷΈ࣮ߦ͠ʹ͍͘
% cargo test --test integration_test
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.00s
Running target/debug/deps/integration_test-22e1bbc18e3cf744
running 1 test
test it_adds_two ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
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Integration Tests (7/11)
ςετػೳ͝ͱʹϑΝΠϧΛ͚͍ͨ߹
tests σΟϨΫτϦͷ֤ϑΝΠϧͦΕͧΕผͷ
crate ͱͯ͠ίϯύΠϧ͞ΕΔ
ผͷ crate ͱͯ͠ѻ͏͜ͱʹ͍ͭͯ
Ϣʔβʔ͕࣮ࡍʹ crate Λ͏߹ʹ͍ۙঢ়ଶʹͳ
ΔͷͰྑ͍
src ҎԼͷϑΝΠϧͱৼ͍Λڞ༗Ͱ͖ͳ͍
ϔϧύʔؔ Chapt. 7 ͰߦͳͬͨΑ͏ʹڞ༗Ϟ
δϡʔϧͱͯ͠ extract ͢ΕΑ͍
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Integration Tests (8/11)
ڞ༗ϞδϡʔϧԽͷྫ
tests/common.rs Λͭ͘Δ
#[test] Λ͚͕ͭͨؔͳ͍ͷͰ setup() ࣮
ߦ͞Εͳ͍
1 pub fn setup() {
2 // setup code specific to your library’s tests would go here
3 }
% cargo test
Compiling adder v0.1.0 (/home/rare/work/slides/RustBook/samples/integration
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.52s
Running target/debug/deps/adder-1d0dfd1494bab5c6
running 0 tests
test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
Running target/debug/deps/common-9c75c5df2f50cca9
running 0 tests
test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
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Integration Tests (9/11)
ςετͷ݁Ռදࣔʹग़͖ͯͯ΄͘͠ͳ͍
׳शతͳํ๏ͱͯ͠ tests/common.rs ⇒
tests/common/mod.rs ͱ͢Δ
tests σΟϨΫτϦͷαϒσΟϨΫτϦίϯύ
Πϧ͞Εͳ͍ (cargo build ͷͳ͠?) ͠ɺςε
τ݁Ռʹදࣔ͞Εͳ͍
% cargo test
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.01s
Running target/debug/deps/adder-1d0dfd1494bab5c6
running 0 tests
test result: ok. 0 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
Running target/debug/deps/integration_test-22e1bbc18e3cf744
running 1 test
test it_adds_two ... ok
test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 0 filtered out
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Integration Tests (10/11)
setup() Λ͏ʹ?
ҎԼͷΑ͏ʹϞδϡʔϧͱͯ͑͠Α͍
mod common; Chapt. 7 ͷͱ͖ͱಉ͡
common::setup() ͰίʔϧͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ
1 use adder;
2
3 mod common;
4
5 #[test]
6 fn it_adds_two() {
7 common::setup();
8 assert_eq!(4, adder::add_two(2));
9 }
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Integration Tests (11/11)
src/main.rs ͚ͩ͋ͬͯ src/libs.rs ͕ແ
͍ binary crate ͷςετ?
tests σΟϨΫτϦʹ integration test ࡞Εͳ͍
use Λ͔ͭͬͯ src/main.rs Ͱఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ
ؔΛείʔϓʹ࣋ͬͯ͜ΒΕͳ͍
library crate ͔͠ଞͷ crate ͔Β͑ͳ͍
Rust ͷϓϩδΣΫτͰ
src/main.rs ͔Β src/lib.rs ʹ͋Δϩδο
ΫΛ୯ʹίʔϧ͢Δ͚ͩʹ͢Δ
͜ͷߏͩͱॏཁͳػೳ use Ͱ integration test
͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ
src/main.rs ϥΠϒϥϦ෦͕ਖ਼͘͠ಈ͚ಈ
͘Α͏ͳখ͍͞ίʔυʹ͓ͯ͘͠
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Summary (1/2)
Rust ͷ test feature
ظ௨Γʹίʔυ͕ಈ࡞͚ͭͮ͠ΔͨΊʹͲ͏ػ
ೳ͢Δ͖͔Λࢦఆ͢Δํ๏Λఏڙ
unit test
ϥΠϒϥϦͷ֤ύʔπΛผʑʹςετͰ͖Δ
private ͳ࣮ͷςετ͕Ͱ͖Δ
integration test
ϥΠϒϥϦͷଟ͘ͷύʔπ͕Ұॹʹਖ਼͘͠ಈ͔͘
ςετͰ͖Δ
ϥΠϒϥϦͷެ։ API Λ࣮ࡍʹΘΕΔͷͱಉ͡
ํ๏ͰςετͰ͖Δ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Summary (2/2)
Rust ͷܕγεςϜ ownership ϧʔϧ͍͘
͔ͭͷλΠϓͷόάΛ͙ͷʹཱͭ
ςετɺظ͢Δৼ͍ʹؔ࿈͢ΔϩδοΫ
ͷόάͷݮͷͨΊʹґવॏཁͰ͋Δ
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ
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Summary (2/2)
Rust ͷܕγεςϜ ownership ϧʔϧ͍͘
͔ͭͷλΠϓͷόάΛ͙ͷʹཱͭ
ςετɺظ͢Δৼ͍ʹؔ࿈͢ΔϩδοΫ
ͷόάͷݮͷͨΊʹґવॏཁͰ͋Δ
͊͞ɺ͜ͷ Chapter ͰֶΜͩ༰Λ
͜Ε·Ͱͷ Chapter ͷ projects ʹΈࠐ͏!!
Katsuki Kobayashi RustBook ษڧձ