TypeScript入門〜型のあるモダンなJavaScript〜

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ϑ ϩ ϯ τ Τ ϯ υ Τ Ω ε ύ ʔ τ ν ʔ Ϝ ֎ দ ढ़ ঘ TypeScriptೖ໳ ʙܕͷ͋ΔϞμϯͳJavaScriptʙ FrontendBar#6 2019/4/19ɹ

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TypeScriptೖ໳ ʙܕͷ͋ΔϞμϯͳJavaScriptʙ

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•ॻ͍ͨ͜ͱ͋ΔΑ •ฉ͍ͨ͜ͱͳΒ •ࠓճॳΊͯ஌ͬͨ TypeScript

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•TypeScriptͬͯͳʹʁ •ܕͷ͋ΔJavaScript •TypeScriptͷػೳ/ॻ͖ํ •࣮ࡍͷ։ൃ؀ڥ΍TypeScriptΛ࢖ͬͨίʔσΟϯά •͍Ζ͍Ζ৔໘ͰͷTypeScript ࠓ೔ ࿩͢͜ͱ

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•ʮTypeScriptͳΜͱͳ͘Θ͔ͬͨʂʯ •ʮ࣍ɺ৽͘͠JavaScriptΛ࢖͏ϓϩδΣΫτͰ͸  TypeScript࢖ͬͯΈΔͧʯ •ʮ͍·खݩʹ͋ΔJavaScriptͷϓϩδΣΫτΛ  TypeScriptʹॻ͖׵͑ͯΈΑ͏͔ͳ…ʯ ࠓ೔ͷΰʔϧ

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TypeScriptͬͯͳʹʁ 1

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TypeScript….ܕΛ࣋ͬͨJavaScriptͷεʔύʔηοτ ɹɹMicrosoftʹΑͬͯ։ൃ͞Εɺϝϯςφϯε͞Ε͍ͯΔ ɹɹΦʔϓϯιʔεͷ੩తܕ෇͖ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠ TypeScript

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ͬ͘͟ΓΠϝʔδͰ͍͏ͱ ಉ͡ΧΤϧ͚ͩͲ…

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ͬ͘͟ΓΠϝʔδͰ͍͏ͱ JavaScript͸ greeter.js

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ͬ͘͟ΓΠϝʔδͰ͍͏ͱ TypeScript͸ greeter.ts

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ͬ͘͟ΓΠϝʔδͰ͍͏ͱ TypeScript͸ greeter.ts

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TypeScript͸JavaScriptʹՃ͑ͯ ܕΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔ ΄ͱΜͲJavaScript ͚ͩͲͶ ܕʹ͍ͭͯ͸͜ͷ͋ͱઆ໌͢ΔΑ

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TypeScript͸ίϯύΠϧ͢Δͱ  JavaScriptʹͳΔ ม׵  (ίϯύΠϧ) ੜ੒͞ΕͨJavaScript͸͍ͭ ΋Ͳ͓Γϒϥ΢βͰಈ͘ greeter.ts greeter.js $ tsc greeter.ts

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TypeScript Playground https://www.typescriptlang.org/play/

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•TypeScript͸͍·ͱͯ΋ීٴ͍ͯ͠·͢ •̍͜͜೥͘Β͍Ͱ৽͘͠࡞ΔϓϩδΣΫτ͸͍͍ͩͨ TypeScriptͳΠϝʔδ •͜Ε·ͰJavaScriptΛ࢖͍ͬͯͨΑ͏ͳγνϡΤʔγϣϯͰ͸ ͱΓ͋͑ͣTypeScript σϑΝΫτʹͳΓͭͭ͋ΔTypeScript ͱʹ͔͘DX͕ ্͕Δ

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npm trends

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ʰTypeScriptΛಋೖ͢΂͖͔ʱ Ͱ೰Ή࣌୅͸طʹऴΘ͍ͬͯΔ “ ͱ͍͏ҙݟ΋͋Δ

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•JavaScriptΛ࢖͏γνϡΤʔγϣϯͳΒ  TypeScript(TS)͕࢖͑Δ Ex: WebͷϑϩϯτΤϯυɺNodejs + TypeScript, React/Vue/Anguler + TS, kintone customize JavaScript࢖͑ΔͳΒTypeScriptͰ

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ܕͷ͋ΔJavaScript 2

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TypeScript….ܕΛ࣋ͬͨJavaScriptͷεʔύʔηοτ ɹɹMicrosoftʹΑͬͯ։ൃ͞Εɺϝϯςφϯε͞Ε͍ͯΔ ɹɹΦʔϓϯιʔεͷ੩తܕ෇͖ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠ TypeScript ࠶ܝ

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•ܕ͸ɺͲ͏͍͏छྨͷσʔλ/஋͔ʁͱ͍͏৘ใ •person.firstName͸Ͳ͏͍͏छྨͷσʔλʁ •͜Ε͘Β͍ͩͬͨΒจࣈྻͩͱΘ͔Δ ܕʁ greeter.js

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•num, digit͸ʁ •n, m, s͸ͲΜͳσʔλ͕ೖͬͯͦ͏ʁ •৽͘͠ݟͨਓ͸ݺͼग़͠ଆΛݟͳ͍ͱ෼͔Βͳ͍ •ਓ͕͓͔֮͑ͯͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ ෳࡶͳ৔߹͸ʁ

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•࣮ߦ͠ͳͯ͘΋ɺͲΜͳछྨͷσʔλ͕ೖ͍ͬͯΔ͔෼͔Δ ܕ͕͋Δͱ greeter.ts

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•ؒҧ͑ͨ࢖͍ํΛͨ͠ΒϦΞϧλΠϜͰΤσΟλ͕ڭ͑ͯ͘ΕΔ ܕ͕͋Δͱ

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ܕͷྫ@TypeScript ਅِ஋ܕ จࣈྻܕ ഑ྻܕ ਺஋ܕ ͳΜͰ΋ܕ

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݁ہܕ͕͋ΔͱԿ͕خ͍͠ʁ ϦϑΝΫλ͕༰қ େن໛։ൃͰ΋҆શ ೖྗͷิ׬ Τϥʔ΍ϛεΛΤσΟλ্Ͱݕग़ ࣮ߦ͠ͳͯ͘΋෼͔Δ DX(։ൃͷੜ࢈ੑ)͕޲্͢Δʂ TypeScriptΛ࢖͏ͱԿ͕خ͍͠ʁ

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Ͱ΋શ෦ʹܕΛॻ͘ͷ͸໘౗… •TypeScript͸ܕਪ࿦ͱ͍͏ػೳ͕͋Γ·͢ •ܕΛ໌ࣔతʹॻ͔ͳͯ͘΋TypeScript͕উखʹ  ʮ͜Ε͸false୅ೖͯ͠Δ͔ΒbooleanܕͶɻʯͱ൑அͯ͘͠ΕΔ •ͭ·ΓܕΛॻ͔ͳͯ͘΋ɺͱΓ͋͑ͣTypeScriptʹ͓͚ͯ͠͹  ܕνΣοΫͷԸܙ͸ड͚ΒΕΔ

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Α͠ʂTypeScriptಋೖ͠Α͏ •JavaScriptͰॻ͍͍ͯΔϓϩδΣΫτʹTypeScriptΛಋೖ͢Δ  ϋʔυϧ͸ͱͯ΋௿͍ •JavaScript͸TypeScriptͰ΋͋Δ •͢΂ͯͷJavaScript͸ɺߏจతʹ͸TypeScriptͱͯ͠ਖ਼͘͠ɺ  ίϯύΠϧͯ͠΋ݩͷJavaScriptͱಉ͡ৼΔ෣͍Λ͢Δ •ίϯύΠϧΤϥʔ͕͋ͬͯ΋JS͸ੜ੒͞ΕΔ

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TypeScriptͷػೳ/ॻ͖ํ 3

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https://stackblitz.com/ ϒϥ΢β্Ͱ͙͢ʹ ࢼͤΔΑ

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ܕͷએݴ •ޙஔλΠϓͷܕΞϊςʔγϣϯ •ม਺΍ؔ਺ύϥϝʔλͷ͋ͱʹ : ܕ  ͱ͍ͬͨ෩ʹॻ͘ ؔ਺ύϥϝʔλ ม਺ ؔ਺ͷ໭Γ஋

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ܕͷએݴ Φϓγϣϯύϥϝʔλ ϢχΦϯܕ = จࣈྻܕ·ͨ͸਺஋ܕ

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جຊతͳܕ •جຊతͳσʔλܕ͸༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ਅِ஋ܕ จࣈྻܕ ഑ྻܕ ਺஋ܕ ͳΜͰ΋ܕ ฦΓ஋ͳ͠ ΦϒδΣΫτܕ

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ࣗ෼ͰܕΛఆٛ͢Δ •جຊతͳܕ͚ͩͰ͸ෆे෼ •ࣗ෼ͷϓϩάϥϜʹԠͨ͡ܕ ͕ཉ͍͠ •interface ΍ type ΩʔϫʔυΛ ࢖ͬͯܕΛఆٛ͢Δ

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kintone ΦϒδΣΫτͷܕΛఆٛ͢Δͱ

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TypeScriptʹ͸͍Ζ͍Ζͳػೳ͕͋Δ •࠷ॳ͸ෳࡶͳ͜ͱ͸͠ͳ͍͍ͯ͘ͷͰɺগͣͭ͠ศརͳػೳΛ  ͍͚֮͑ͯ͹͍͍ɻ •ΤσΟλౖ͕ͬͯ͘ΕΔͷͰɺ౎౓ௐ΂Ε͹ͦͷ͏͍֮ͪ͑ͯ͘ ྫʣ TypeGuard, Readonly, Index Signatures, Never Type, TypeAssertion Enum, Generics, Union Type, Intersection Type, Literal Types

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࣮ࡍͷ։ൃ؀ڥ΍TypeScript  Λ࢖ͬͨίʔσΟϯά 4

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։ൃ؀ڥ(3Step) 1. $ npm i -D typescript 2. $ npx tsc —init 3. $ npx tsc src/**/*.ts 1. TypeScriptΛΠϯετʔϧ  ίϯύΠϥͱͯ͠tsc͕ೖ͍ͬͯΔ 2. ઃఆϑΝΠϧ(tsconfig.json)ͷ਽ܗੜ੒ 3. TSϑΝΠϧΛίϯύΠϧɻJS͕ੜ੒͞ΕΔ Step 02 Step 03 Step 01

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tsconfig.json

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tsconfig.json ίϯύΠϧͷઃఆ͸tsconfig.jsonʹॻ͘ جຊతʹ͸਽ܗ௨ΓͰOK ੩తܕͷݎ͞ΛॊೈʹઃఆͰ͖Δ ؤுΓͨ͘ͳ͍৔߹͸ɺઃఆͰ؇ΊΔ DOM΍ESͷܕ৘ใ͕ཉ͍͠ͳΒ libͰࢦఆ͢Δ  ex: ”lib”: ["dom", “es2018”]

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ݹ͍ES΁ͷม׵ tsconfig.jsonͷtargetͰͲͷECMAScriptͷJavaScriptΛੜ੒͢ Δ͔ࢦఆ͢Δ IE11ʹ΋ରԠ͢ΔͳΒ”es5” ⾠TypeScript͕໘౗ΛݟΔͷ͸Syntax͚ͩ⾠ ϨΨγʔϒϥ΢βʹ͸૬มΘΒͣES6ʙͷػೳ͸ແ͍ͷͰ  Polyfill͸ผ్ೖΕͳ͍ͱͩΊ(ex:Promise, Array.from) core-jsͳΓɺbabel-polyfillͳΓ

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ΤσΟλ VSCode΍IntelliJ͸ϓϥάΠϯΛೖΕͳͯ͘΋σϑΥϧτͰ TypeScriptʹରԠ͍ͯ͠Δ ͙͢ิ׬΍ΤϥʔදࣔͷԸܙ͕ड͚ΒΕΔ Vim΍Emacs΋ϓϥάΠϯೖΕΕ͹OK

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Lint TSLint͸΋͏࢖Θͳ͍ ͜Ε͔ΒTypeScriptͰLintΛೖΕΔͳΒESLintͰOK @typescript-eslint/eslint-pluginΛ࢖͏ @cybozu/eslint-config/presets/typescript΋͋ΔΑ ৄ͘͠͸  https://teppeis.hatenablog.com/entry/2019/02/typescript-eslint

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ܕఆٛ ࣗ෼ͰܕఆٛΛॻ͘ͷ͸େม Reactͱ͔ͷϥΠϒϥϦ͸Ͳ͏͢Ε͹͍͍ͷʁʁ ·͔ࣗ͞෼Ͱॻ͘ͷʁ

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@types ࣗ෼ͰෳࡶͳܕఆٛΛ͢Δඞཁ͸͋Γ·ͤΜ ͍͍ͩͨͷϥΠϒϥϦ͸ܕఆٛϑΝΠϧΛ༻ҙͯ͘͠Εͯ· ͢(Definitely Typed) ͦͷϑΝΠϧΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ͚ͩ ྫ͑͹ Reactͷ৔߹ $ npm install -D @types/react kintone CustomizeͳΒ@kintone/dts-gen https://github.com/DefinitelyTyped/DefinitelyTyped/tree/master/types

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͍Ζ͍Ζ৔໘ͰͷTypeScript 5

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ʓʓ+TypeScript React + TypeScript Nodejs + TypeScript webpack + Babel + TypeScript jquery + TypeScript ReactNative + TypeScript Vue.js + TypeScript Anguler + TypeScript ɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹɹetc جຊతʹͲ͜Ͱ΋࢖͑ΔΠϝʔδ

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React + TypeScript React+TypeScriptΛࢼ͢ͳΒɺcreate-react-appͰ؀ڥΛ؆୯ ʹ࡞ΕΔ $ npx create-react-app my-app --typescript

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QuickStart https://www.typescriptlang.org/samples/index.html ͦΕͧΕΠϯετʔϧ͢ΔϥΠϒϥϦ΍ઃఆํ๏͸ͪ͜ΒΛࢀߟʹ

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·ͱΊ TypeScriptΛศརʹ࢖͍ͬͯ͘؀ڥ͸੔͍ͬͯΔ TypeScript ͕ͲΜͳ΋ͷ͔঺հ͠·ͨ͠ TypeScriptͷಋೖϋʔυϧ͸ͱͯ΋௿͍ɻͳͷʹԸܙ͸େ͖͍ ੋඇɺ࣍ʹJavaScriptΛॻ͘Α͏ͳϓϩδΣΫτͰ͸ɺ  TypeScriptΛೖΕͯΈ͍ͯͩ͘͞

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͓·͚

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•TypeScript Deep Dive ೔ຊޠ൛  https://typescript-jp.gitbook.io/deep-dive/ •೔ຊޠͰTypeScirptΛҰ௨Γֶ΂Δ •TypeScriptͰkintoneΧελϚΠζ։ൃΛͯ͠ΈΑ͏  https://developer.cybozu.io/hc/ja/articles/360023293091 •TypeScript࠶ೖ໳ ― ʮ͕Μ͹Βͳ͍TypeScriptʯͰɺ  JavaScriptΛ“ॊΒ͔͍”੩తܕ෇͖ݴޠʹ  https://employment.en-japan.com/engineerhub/entry/2019/04/16/103000 •࣮ࡍͷϓϩδΣΫτͰ࢖͏લʹಡΜͰ͓͘ͱྑ͍ TypeScript΍ͬͯ࣌͘ͷ͓͢͢Ί