International Workshop on Graph and Model Transformation Generative Programming and Component Engineering (GPCE'05) Requirements variability support through MDDTM and graph transformation F. Javier Pérez García Miguel A. Laguna Yania Crespo Bruno González-Baixauli 

September 05 Page 2 Index Introduction: Product Lines MDDTM and Product Lines A Transformation example Support through graph transformations Conclusions 

September 05 Page 3 Introduction: Product Lines 

September 05 Page 4 Product Lines (PL) PL issues: Successful reuse approach Coarse-grained components Top-down systematic approach High effort & complex Lack of process definition Two Processes: Product Line Engineering Process Product Product Engineering Process 

September 05 Page 5 Product Line Process (1) Goal: reduce investment and present results earlier Enabling PLs for small enterprises Features: Defined with SPEM Using best practices Two different process Iterative 

September 05 Page 6 Product Line Process (2) Product Line Engineering Process Asset management (Reuse library) Product Engineering Process Inicio Elaboración Construcción Transición Inicio Elaboración Construcción Transición Inception Elaboration Construction Transition Assets Requirement Engineering Reference Architecture definition Component Implementation Domain definition Assets Assets 

September 05 Page 7 PL Engineering Process Three phases: PL inception PL elaboration PL construction Six disciplines: Domain definition PL Requirement engineering Reference architecture definition Component implementation Other (Test & Change management) 

September 05 Page 8 PL Requirements Engineering Initial: features & use-cases [solution oriented] Add Goals: Intentional viewpoint – explicit Problem oriented NFR dealing Analyze alternatives 

September 05 Page 9 Goal Model Examples D D D Persona Discapacitada Comunicar Receptor Mensaje D Facilidad de Uso Movilidad D D D D Comunicador Aumentativo Y Alternativo (CAA) D Entregar Mensaje D Facilidad de Uso D D D D Mensaje Obtener Mensaje D D ALCANZAR Comunicación AND ALCANZAR Mensaje Introducido ALCANZAR Mensaje Reproducido OR OR Mediante Texto Mediante SPC Usando Texto Usando Voz ACTOR Leyenda HARDGOAL SOFTGOAL RECURSO TASK 

September 05 Page 10 PL Models Goal Model Goal Model Feature Model Feature SubModel Product Line Model Application Model Soft-goal Model Application <> <> <> <> << instanceOf >> << instanceOf >> <> 

September 05 Page 11 MDD and Product Lines 

September 05 Page 12 MDD & MDA Model Driven Development Generalization of Model Driven Architecture (MDATM) Introduced by OMG Based in models: Platform Independent Model (PIM) Platform Specific Model (PSM) Model Transformations Can be applied to our process? 

September 05 Page 13 MDA & Product Lines Several model types: Goal & Softgoal Feature Architecture (class) Different scope: All PL (variability & communality) Application specific PIM models PIM to PIM transformations (MDE) 

September 05 Page 14 PL Architecture (OO Framework) Application Feature Sub-Model Application Model Application EJB PIM to PSM transformations Application .NET PIM to PIM Transformations? Application Goal/soft-goal Model Instantiation Selection Goal/soft-goal Model Configuration Feature Model Rationale Definition PL Architecture (OO Framework) Application Feature Sub-Model Application Model Application EJB PIM to PSM transformations Application .NET PIM to PIM Transformations? Application Goal/soft-goal Model Instantiation Selection Selection Goal/soft-goal Model Configuration Configuration Feature Model Rationale Definition Transformations 

September 05 Page 15 PL Architecture (OO Framework) Application Feature Sub-Model Application Model Application EJB PIM to PSM transformations Application .NET PIM to PIM Transformations? Application Goal/soft-goal Model Instantiation Selection Goal/soft-goal Model Configuration Feature Model Rationale Definition PL Architecture (OO Framework) Application Feature Sub-Model Application Model Application EJB PIM to PSM transformations Application .NET PIM to PIM Transformations? Application Goal/soft-goal Model Instantiation Selection Selection Goal/soft-goal Model Configuration Configuration Feature Model Rationale Definition Horizontal Transformations Selection: Domain engineer Configuration: Trazability Application from PL: Trazability 

September 05 Page 16 Vertical Transformations Application EJB Application .NET Application EJB Application .NET Application : PIM to PSM (MDA) 

September 05 Page 17 A Transformation Example 

September 05 Page 18 Application EJB Application .NET Application EJB Application .NET Transformation 

September 05 Page 19 From the Feature Model … 

September 05 Page 20 … to the Architecture Model 

September 05 Page 21 Features to Architecture Transformation Metamodel mapping approach: Compatibility? – MOF Simplicity Architecture metamodel - UML Feature metamodel Several Czarnecky – cardinality Describe transformations with OMG QVT 

September 05 Page 22 Feature Metamodel (Czarnecki) 

September 05 Page 23 Partial UML Class Metamodel 

September 05 Page 24 Features to Architecture Transformation Ordered Context Sensitive Transformations Rules: Feature model -> Package: FeatureModelToNamespace Root feature -> Class: RootFeatureToClass Recursively (linked features): SolitaryFeatures & FeatureGroups to classes and associated to parent: SolitaryFeatureToClass & FeatureGroupToClass GroupedFeatures to classes and associated (generalization) to parent feature group: FeatureModeltoNamespace Associations multiplicity = Feature cardinality 

September 05 Page 25 FeatureModelToNamespace m:FeatureModel <> name=fm n:Namespace name=fm <> uml, e fm, c FeatureModel to Namespace Feature Model is transformed in a Package 

September 05 Page 26 when FeatureModelToNamespace(m,n) RootFeatureToClass f:RootFeature <> name=fn m:FeatureModel c:Class name=fn <> uml, e fm, c where SolitaryFeatureToClass(f,c) FeatureGroupToClass(f,c) n:Namespace RootFeature to Class The RootFeature is transformed to the first class 

September 05 Page 27 where SolitaryFeatureToClass(sf,sc); FeatureGroupToClass(sf,sc); SolitaryFeatureToClass f:Feature <> sf:SolitaryFeature c:Class <> uml, e fm, c a:Association name=sn featureCardinality=fc sc:Class name=sn ae2:AssociationEnd multiplicity=fc ae1:AssociationEnd multiplicity=“1..1” SolitaryFeature to Class SolitaryFeatures are transformed into classes and associated to the owner feature with multiplicity featureCardinality 

September 05 Page 28 where GroupedFeatureToClass(fg,cg); FeatureGroupToClass f:Feature <> fg:FeatureGroup uml, e fm, c name=gn groupCardinality=gc c:Class <> a:Association ae2:AssociationEnd multiplicity=gc ae1:AssociationEnd multiplicity=“1..1” cg:Class name=gn FeatureGroup to Class FeatureGroups are transformed to classes and associated of owned GroupedFeatures with multiplicity groupCardinality 

September 05 Page 29 where SolitaryFeatureToClass(f,c) FeatureGroupToClass(f,c) GroupedFeatureToClass fg:FeatureGroup <> f:GroupedFeature gc:Class <> uml, e fm, c name=fn c:Class name=fn g:Generalization parent child GroupedFeature to Class GroupedFeatures are transformed to sub- classes of owner 

September 05 Page 30 Transformation Example Input Buttons Element Mechanism Grouped Lists Phrase Voice Character 1..1 1..1 0..1 1..1 1..1 Element Button List Character Phrase Voice Input Grouped MecType Mechanism 0..1 ElemType 

September 05 Page 31 Transformation Example Input Buttons Element Mechanism Grouped Lists Phrase Voice Character 1..1 1..1 0..1 1..1 1..1 Element Button List Character Phrase Voice Input Grouped MecType Mechanism 0..1 RootFeatureToClass ElemType 

September 05 Page 32 Transformation Example Input Buttons Element Mechanism Grouped Lists Phrase Voice Character 1..1 1..1 0..1 1..1 1..1 Element Button List Character Phrase Voice Input Grouped MecType Mechanism 0..1 SingleFeatureToClass ElemType 

September 05 Page 33 Transformation Example Input Buttons Element Mechanism Grouped Lists Phrase Voice Character 1..1 1..1 0..1 1..1 1..1 ElemType Button List Character Phrase Voice Input Grouped MecType Mechanism 0..1 FeatureGroupToClass Element 

September 05 Page 34 Transformation Example Input Buttons Element Mechanism Grouped Lists Phrase Voice Character 1..1 1..1 0..1 1..1 1..1 Element Button List Character Phrase Voice Input Grouped MecType Mechanism 0..1 GroupedFeatureToClass ElemType 

September 05 Page 35 Transformation Example Input Buttons Element Mechanism Grouped Lists Phrase Voice Character 1..1 1..1 0..1 1..1 1..1 Element Button List Character Phrase Voice Input Grouped MecType Mechanism 0..1 SingleFeatureToClass ElemType 

September 05 Page 36 Support through Graph Transformations 

September 05 Page 37 Support Specification independent of implementation. Support based on: Models representation Transformation implementation Two approaches: XML + XSLT / Java Graph Grammars + AGG 

September 05 Page 38 Graph Transformations Models = Graphs Model Transformations = Graph Transformations Metamodel = Type Graph Models = Typed Graphs + Attributes Rule ordering: Layered Graph Grammars AGG: State of the art graph transformation tool Context + Layers + Attributes 

September 05 Page 39 Graph Transformation Rules QVT rule translates into a set of GG rules: Create classes Classes in the target model matching features in the source model Move children Link Features in the source model to the transformed parent class Delete Feature Node Transformed Feature node has no children and can be deleted 

September 05 Page 40 Rule Ordering Layers L0: FeatureModelToNamespace L1: RootFeatureToClass L2: SolitaryFeatureToClass L3: FeatureGroupToClass L4: GroupedFeatureToClass Dangling edges restriction Loop over layers 

September 05 Page 41 RootFeature To Class Rules 

September 05 Page 42 Initial Feature Model 

September 05 Page 43 Resulting Architecture Model 

September 05 Page 44 Conclusions 

September 05 Page 45 Conclusions Exploration MDATM to PL own process Transformation: Feature -> Architecture Support through Graph Transformations GT Tool: AGG Integration within other tools (Eclipse) Further work Trazability mechanism Goals to Feature transformation 

International Workshop on Graph and Model Transformation Generative Programming and Component Engineering (GPCE'05) Requirements variability support through MDDTM and graph transformation F. Javier Pérez García Miguel A. Laguna Yania Crespo Bruno González-Baixauli 

September 05 Page 47 XML + XSLT Under Eclipse Feature Model -> Xfeature plugin: XML Customizability of meta-model Architecture Model UML Class diagram XMI 

September 05 Page 48 XFeature 

September 05 Page 49 Resulting Model 

September 05 Page 50 Eclipse Integration