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ۃΊΔʂ
 ϝιουνΣʔϯ @hiraku

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ࣗݾ঺հ • த໺ ୓ (@Hiraku) • https://github.com/hirak • ϝϧΧϦͷαʔόʔαΠυΤϯδχΞ • Composerؔ࿈ͷൃදΛΑ͍ͯ͘͠·͢ • PHPΧϯϑΝϨϯεؔ੢2016 جௐߨԋ

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We are hiring!

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ۃΊΔʂ
 ϝιουνΣʔϯ @hiraku

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ϝιουνΣʔϯͱ͸ $talk ->setTitle('art of method chain') ->setContent('no plan') ->setLength('20min') ; ΦϒδΣΫτʹରͯ͠ɺ
 ϝιουΛଓ͚ͯॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹ
 ͨ͠ύλʔϯ/APIσβΠϯͷ͜ͱ

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5೥લʹൃදͨ͠΍ͭ https://www.slideshare.net/hinakano/xml-builder

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΋ͪΖΜ߹๏ͳPHPߏจ

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Χοίলུ&Մมϝιου໊ ด͡λά͕ͳ͍͜ͱͷ໌ࣔ ด͡λάิ׬

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࠷ۙॻ͍ͨ΍ͭ PHPͷߴ଎ΦγϟϨةݥ഑ྻϥΠϒϥϦspindle/collectionΛ࡞͍ͬͯΔ࿩ - Qiita http://qiita.com/Hiraku/items/bb6318d1d2c26ae7f30a

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·ΔͰ੒௕ͯ͠ͳ͍…

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ϝιουνΣʔϯେ޷͖ • ੍໿಺ͰPHPΒ͘͠ͳ͍ߏจΛ࡞Δ௅ઓ • PHP͸ߏจ͕ශऑͩͬͨ • ݺͼग़͠νΣʔϯͰ͖ͳ͍ͱ͔()()()() • །Ұੲ͔Β࢖͑ͨͷ͕ϝιουνΣʔϯ

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͓͜ͱΘΓ • ϥΠϒϥϦΛఏڙ͢Δਓ͸ԿΛߟ͑Δ΂͖͔ʁ Έ͍ͨͳ࿩Λ͠·͢ • ҰੲલͷJavaͷম͖௚͔͠΋͠Εͳ͍

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໨࣍ 1. σϝςϧͷ๏ଇ 2. ϝιουνΣʔϯͷύλʔϯ৭ʑ 3. APIσβΠϯͷ͓࿩ 4. σϞతͳ΍ͭ

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1ষ
 σϝςϧͷ๏ଇ ۃΊΔ!ϝιουνΣʔϯ

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σϝςϧͷ๏ଇ (࠷খ஌ࣝͷݪଇ)
 (Law of Demeter, LoD) • ιϑτ΢ΣΞͷઃܭɺಛʹΦϒδΣΫτࢦ޲ ϓϩάϥϜͷઃܭʹ͓͚ΔΨΠυϥΠϯ • ʮ๏ଇʯͱ͍͏࿨༁͕ͩɺʮ͜ΕΛकͬͯΔ ίʔυͷํ͕͍͍Αʂʯͱ͍͏Α͏ͳओࢫ

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σϝςϧOK? 0, /( B BCD UIJTB UIJTB C UIJTBC UIJTBC D

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৮ͬͯྑ͍΋ͷ 0, ϩʔΧϧม਺ɺҾ਺͸৮ͬͯ0, B ࣗ෼ͷϝιου͸৮ͬͯ0, UIJTB ࣗ෼ͷϓϩύςΟͷϝιου΋ ৮ͬͯ0, UIJTBC

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$talk ->setTitle('art of method chain') ->setContent('no plan') ->setLength('20min') ; $talk->setTitle('art of method chain'); $talk->setContent('no plan'); $talk->setLength('20min'); LoD͸कͬͨํ͕͍͍ͷʁ ϝιουͷ໭Γ஋ is Կʁ ͜ΕͳΒ໭Γ஋Λؾʹ͢Δ·Ͱ΋ͳ͍

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ϝιουνΣʔϯͱ͸ $talk ->setTitle('art of method chain') ->setContent('no plan') ->setLength('20min') ; ΦϒδΣΫτʹରͯ͠ɺ
 ϝιουΛଓ͚ͯॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹ
 ͨ͠ύλʔϯ/APIσβΠϯͷ͜ͱ

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͸͍

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ϝιουνΣʔϯ͸LoDҧ൓ • LoDతʹ͸ɺ$this->set...; $this->set...; ͱͦΕ ͧΕॻ͘΂͖ • LoD΋ɺϥΠϒϥϦઃܭऀ͕஌͓ͬͯ͘΂͖
 ݪଇͷ̍ͭͰ͸͋Δ

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Ұ୴ɺLoD͸ஔ͍ͱ͍ͯɺ
 ࿩ΛਐΊ·͢ɻ

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2ষ
 ϝιουνΣʔϯͷ
 ύλʔϯ ۃΊΔ!ϝιουνΣʔϯ

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LoDΛഁͬͯ·Ͱ ϝιουνΣʔϯͰ ԿΛ͍ͨ͠ͷ͔ʁ

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1) return $this class Chainable { function setA($val) { $this->a = $val; return $this; } function setB($val) { $this->b = $val; return $this; } } (new Chainable) ->setA('a') ->setB('b'); ࿈ଓͰsetͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨΑʂ

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return $this
 ʹର͢Δݸਓతཧղ • ౎౓$instance->ͬͯॻ͔ͳͯ͘Α͘ͳΔ • ͪΐͬͱ͚ͩShort hand • ͨͩͦΕ͚ͩͳͷͰɺLoDഁΔ΄ͲͷՁ஋͕ ͋Δ͔…ͱ͍͏ͱඍົͳؾ΋͢Δ

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2) PSR-7ͷAPIΈ͍ͨͳ΍ͭ (new GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Request('GET', 'http://example.com')) ->withHeader('foo', 'baa') ->withBody($body); return $thisͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ
 newͯ͠ࠓ·Ͱͷ৘ใΛίϐʔ
 (ผΠϯελϯεΛฦ͢)

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immutableͱ͸ • setterͷͳ͍ΦϒδΣΫτ • ಺෦ΛมߋͰ͖ͳ͍ͷͰɺ
 clone͠ͳͯ͘΋҆શʹฦͤΔ • setterͰ͸ͳ͘ɺʮίϐʔͯ͠Ұ෦Λ্ॻ͖ʯ ͢ΔσβΠϯ

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immutable
 ʹର͢Δݸਓతཧղ • ໭Γ஋Λड͚औΒͳ͍ͱ݁Ռ͕ফ͑ͯ͠·͏ • $obj->setFoo($foo);
 $obj->setBaa($baa);
 ͯ͠΋ҙຯ͕ͳ͍ • $obj = $obj->setFoo($foo);
 $obj = $obj->setBaa($baa); • ه๏͕໘౗ͳͷͰɺϝιουνΣʔϯʹͨ͘͠ͳΔ(Θ͔Δ)

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ͪΐͬͱ࿩͕ҳΕ·͕ͨ͠ • return $this͢Δ͚͕ͩϝιουνΣʔϯͰ͸ ͳ͍ • return new ͢Δύλʔϯ΋͋Δ

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return newͰ
 ༡ΜͰΈΔྫ

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͓୊ • ϝιουνΣʔϯͰ
 ೖΕࢠͰ͖ΔifจΛ
 ࡞Ε

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ϒϩοΫʹΦϒδΣΫτΛ౰ͯ ͸ΊΔ • if͸newΛฦ͢ • endif͸ϒϩοΫΛ ऴΘΒͤͯ΋ͱʹ ໭Δ

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parent = $parent; } abstract function if(bool $bool): Context; abstract function say(string $str): Context; function endif(): Context { return $this->parent; } } class TrueContext extends Context { function if(bool $bool): Context { if ($bool) { return new self($this); } else { return new FalseContext($this); } } function say(string $str): Context { echo $str,PHP_EOL; return $this; } } class FalseContext extends Context { function if(bool $bool): Context { return new self($this); } function say(string $str): Context { return $this; } } function dsl(): TrueContext { return new TrueContext; } ͍͍ͩͨ ͜Ε͙Β͍ Ͱ࡞ΕΔ ϝιουνΣʔϯDSLͰϒϩοΫΛ࡞ΔςΫχοΫ: Architect Note http://blog.tojiru.net/article/272060766.html

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3) +ϚδοΫϝιουͷཚ༻ return $thisͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ
 newͯ͠ࠓ·Ͱͷ৘ใΛίϐʔ
 (ผΠϯελϯεΛฦ͢)

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ϚδοΫϝιου • __get(){}ɺ__call(){}ΛΫϥεʹੜ΍͓ͯ͘͠ • ϓϩύςΟ/ϝιουʹΞΫηεग़དྷͳ͍ͱ͖ ʹࣗಈతʹݺ͹ΕΔ • Rubyͷmethod_missingΈ͍ͨͳ΍ͭ

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IUNM NFUB@ UJUMF@ @ ͳΜͯϝιου΍
 QVCMJDϓϩύςΟ͸ੜ͍͑ͯͳ͍ɻ ࣮ࡍʹॲཧ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͸ @@DBMM ͱ@@HFU

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ϚδοΫϝιου • ✅ίʔυྔ(ܶతʹݮΔ) • ❌ಡΈ΍͢͞ • ❌֦ுੑ • ❌PhpStormʹౖΒΕΔ • ׂͱݏ͍ͬͯΔPHPer͕ଟ͍ҹ৅(ओ؍)

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4) fluent interface • ʮྲྀΕΔΑ͏ͳΠϯλʔϑΣʔεʯ • ϝιουνΣʔϯΛ΋͏গ͠ൃలͤͨ͞΋ͷ • આ໌͕೉͍͠ͷͰ࣍ͷষ΁

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3ষ
 APIσβΠϯͷ࿩ ۃΊΔ!ϝιουνΣʔϯ

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ঢ়گ • ͋ͳͨ͸ɺͱ͋ΔWebαʔϏεͷPHP൛SDK Λ࡞Δ͜ͱʹͳΓ·ͨ͠ • ͦͷWebαʔϏε͸େྔͷػೳ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ • SDKͳͷͰɺੜcurlͰୟ͘ΑΓ͸ศརʹ͍ͨ͠

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SDKͷAPIσβΠϯ • SDKϢʔβʔ͸಺෦࣮૷ΛΑ͘஌Βͳ͍ • Ͱ͖Ε͹υΩϡϝϯτ͚ͩͰ࢖͍͜ͳ͍ͨ͠ • ͲΜͳΫϥε͕͋ͬͯɺ
 ͲΜͳϝιουΛ഑ஔ͢Δʁ

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…Ԟͷਂ͍࿩Ͱ͋Δ

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ςϨϏͷϦϞίϯ໰୊

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Α͋͘ΔςϨϏͷϦϞίϯ • Ϙλϯ͕͍ͬͺ͍͋Δ • ͲΕΛԡͤ͹͍͍ͷʁ໎͏ • (ͨͿΜ)ςετେมͦ͏… • ͍ͭͰ΋͋ΒΏΔϘλϯ͕ԡͤΔ

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ղܾҊ • ͍͞͠ΐ͸Ϙλϯ1ݸ(ిݯ)ͷΈ • ిݯ͕ೖΔͱɺ͏ʹΐʔΜͱϘλϯ͕ੜ͑ͯ͘Δ • ૢ࡞͢ΔͨͼʹɺϘλϯ͕͏ʹΐʔΜͱੜ͑ͯ͘ Δ or ফ͑Δ • Ϙλϯ͸ݮΒͤͦ͏Ͱ͢Ͷʂ

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API = ϦϞίϯ

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APIσβΠϯʹ౰ͯ͸ΊͯΈΔ • ϩάΠϯ͕ඞཁͳΒɺϩάΠϯͷAPI͚͕ͩ
 ݟ͑ͯΔ΂͖ • ͦͷঢ়ଶͰՄೳͳૢ࡞͚͕ͩ࢖͑Δ • linkͰػೳΛͭͳ͙RESTͷΑ͏ͳߟ͑ํ

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fluent interfaceͷߟ͑ํ • จ຺(ίϯςΩετ)ʹԠͯ͡ɺreturn͢Δ
 ΫϥεΛมߋ͢Δ • ඞཁे෼ͳϝιου͚ͩ৮ΕΔঢ়ଶΛอͭ

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4ষ
 SELECTจϏϧμʔ ۃΊΔ!ϝιουνΣʔϯ

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ΫΤϦϏϧμͬͯ͋Γ·͢ΑͶ • PHP্ͰSQLΛ૊ΈཱͯΔ΍ͭ • ΞϨΛfluent interfaceͰઃܭ(design)ͯ͠
 Έ·͠ΐ͏ • ࣮૷·Ͱ͸ؒʹ߹Θͳ͔ͬͨ

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SELECTจͷ෮श ͍͍ͩͨҎԼͷॱͰॲཧ͞ΕΔ FROM → JOIN → WHERE → GROUP BY → HAVING → PROJECT → ORDER BY → LIMIT → UNION ࢦఆॱΛ͜ΕͰݻఆͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹAPIઃܭ

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ࡉ͔͘ΫϥεΛ༻ҙ

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໭Γ஋Λ࣍ͷίϯςΩετʹ

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ͱ͍͏Θ͚Ͱద౰ʹ࡞ͬͨ΍ͭ https://github.com/hirak/php-query-builder (APIσβΠϯͷ࿩ͳͷͰத਎͸ϞοΫঢ়ଶ)

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Demo

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fluent interfaceͷ͍͍ͱ͜Ζ • IDEͷิ׬ͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔͱޮՌ͸͹͙ͭΜͩ

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APIઃܭऀͷ಄ͷத • LoDʹै۪ͬͨ௚ͳઃܭʹ͢Δ΂͖͔ʁ • ίϯςΩετΛಋೖͯ͠fluent͗Έʹ͢Δ͔ʁ • ΞϓϦͷUIΛߟ͑Δ͜ͱͱࣅ͍ͯΔ • ਖ਼ղ͸ͳ͍͚Ͳɺ͍Ζ͍Ζͳྲྀ೿Λ஌͓ͬͯ ͘ͱɺ͍͔ͭ໾ཱ͔ͭ΋ʁ

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·ͱΊ

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Ԟਂ͖ϝιουνΣʔϯͷੈք • σϝςϧͷ๏ଇ͓͖֮͑ͯ·͠ΐ͏ • ϝιουνΣʔϯͰDSLͬΆ͍΋ͷ࡞Δͱ
 ָ͍͠Α • return $thisҎ֎ʹ΋৭ʑ͋Δͷ͸͓֮͑ͯ͘ ͱ͍͍Α

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ͦͷଞͷ࿩୊

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Unified Variable Syntax (PHP7) • PHP7͔ΒɺνΣʔϯͰ͖ΔߏจͷόϦΤʔ γϣϯ͕૿͑ͯΔ • abc()()ɺBaa::a()::foo() • Կ͔࢖͍ํͳ͍͔ͳʔɻɻ