Particle Size by Proxy: Decoding the Textural Information in Scattered Sound and Light

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14 March 2017 Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 1/28 1/28

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Measuring Particle Size • Traditional particle size analysis by direct means (from physical samples) at relatively few discrete locations. Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 2/28 2/28

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Measuring Particle Size • Traditional particle size analysis by direct means (from physical samples) at relatively few discrete locations. • Accurate, high resolution Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 2/28 2/28

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Measuring Particle Size • Traditional particle size analysis by direct means (from physical samples) at relatively few discrete locations. • Accurate, high resolution • Costly, slow Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 2/28 2/28

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Measuring Particle Size • Traditional particle size analysis by direct means (from physical samples) at relatively few discrete locations. • Accurate, high resolution • Costly, slow • Intrusive/Destructive Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 2/28 2/28

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Measuring Particle Size • Traditional particle size analysis by direct means (from physical samples) at relatively few discrete locations. • Accurate, high resolution • Costly, slow • Intrusive/Destructive • Impossible? Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 2/28 2/28

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Measuring Particle Size • Traditional particle size analysis by direct means (from physical samples) at relatively few discrete locations. • Accurate, high resolution • Costly, slow • Intrusive/Destructive • Impossible? • Unachievable resolution? Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 2/28 2/28

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Bottom-Up • Particle size → settling velocity • Particle size → flow velocity at deposition • Particle size → hydraulic roughness • Particle size → habitat suitability • Particle size → moisture retention • → = model (bottom-up, apply to > grain scale) Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 3/28 3/28

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Bottom-Up: Particle size → settling velocity • Cuttler, Buscombe et al. (2016), Sedimentology • Depending on particle size analysis method, might mispredict transport mode Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 4/28 4/28

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Top-Down • Inferring particle size from remotely sensed signals • Monitoring continuously over space and/or time with lower accuracy • Tracking big sedimentary changes at unprecedented scales and resolutions • Track changes in particle size as landforms evolve Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 5/28 5/28

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Measuring Particle Size ‘by Proxy’ • Particle size analysis from by indirect means (usually remotely sensed). • Continuous in space/time Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 6/28 6/28

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Measuring Particle Size ‘by Proxy’ • Particle size analysis from by indirect means (usually remotely sensed). • Continuous in space/time • Less costly, fast Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 6/28 6/28

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Measuring Particle Size ‘by Proxy’ • Particle size analysis from by indirect means (usually remotely sensed). • Continuous in space/time • Less costly, fast • Non-intrusive/destructive Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 6/28 6/28

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Measuring Particle Size ‘by Proxy’ • Particle size analysis from by indirect means (usually remotely sensed). • Continuous in space/time • Less costly, fast • Non-intrusive/destructive • Develop proxies Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 6/28 6/28

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Measuring Particle Size ‘by Proxy’ • Particle size analysis from by indirect means (usually remotely sensed). • Continuous in space/time • Less costly, fast • Non-intrusive/destructive • Develop proxies • Requisite resolution? Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 6/28 6/28

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Today’s Talk • Substrate particle size through scattering of sound ◦ using high-frequency sound to classify riverbed substrates continuously in space ◦ 165 km Colorado River in Grand Canyon at 25 cm resolution • Suspended particle size through scattering of light and sound ◦ using holography to classify surf zone suspensions continuously in time ◦ using this to better understand acoustics of complicated suspensions Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 7/28 7/28

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Particle Size By Sound Scattering Buscombe et al. (2014a,b) JGR - Earth Surface Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 8/28 8/28

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Particle Size By Sound Scattering Buscombe et al. (2014a,b) JGR - Earth Surface Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 8/28 8/28

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Particle Size By Sound Scattering Buscombe et al. (2014a,b) JGR - Earth Surface Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 9/28 9/28

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Particle Size By Sound Scattering Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 9/28 9/28

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LOBOS Video System Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 10/28 10/28

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‘Morphological’ & ‘Compositional’ Backscatter I Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 11/28 11/28

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‘Morphological’ & ‘Compositional’ Backscatter I Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 11/28 11/28

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‘Morphological’ & ‘Compositional’ Backscatter II Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 12/28 12/28

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‘Morphological’ & ‘Compositional’ Backscatter II Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 12/28 12/28

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Unvegetated Sand-Gravel-Cobble-Boulders Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 13/28 13/28

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Application to Sediment Studies in Grand Canyon 1. Hydraulic and sediment transport models (sediment routing model, rating curves) Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 14/28 14/28

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Application to Sediment Studies in Grand Canyon 1. Hydraulic and sediment transport models (sediment routing model, rating curves) 2. HFE evaluation Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 14/28 14/28

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Application to Sediment Studies in Grand Canyon 1. Hydraulic and sediment transport models (sediment routing model, rating curves) 2. HFE evaluation 3. Sediment budgeting Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 14/28 14/28

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Application to Sediment Studies in Grand Canyon 1. Hydraulic and sediment transport models (sediment routing model, rating curves) 2. HFE evaluation 3. Sediment budgeting 4. Physical habitats Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 14/28 14/28

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Marble and Grand Canyon Substrate Classification Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 15/28 15/28

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Marble and Grand Canyon Substrate Classification Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 15/28 15/28

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Time-series of bed composition Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 16/28 16/28

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Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 17/28 17/28

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Vegetated Gravel-Cobble-Boulders Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 18/28 18/28

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Vegetated Gravel-Cobble-Boulders Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 18/28 18/28

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Application to Ecological Studies in Glen Canyon 1. Submerged (nuisance) aquatic vegetation Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 19/28 19/28

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Application to Ecological Studies in Glen Canyon 1. Submerged (nuisance) aquatic vegetation 2. Hydraulic models Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 19/28 19/28

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Application to Ecological Studies in Glen Canyon 1. Submerged (nuisance) aquatic vegetation 2. Hydraulic models 3. Physical habitats, foodbase, ecological drivers Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 19/28 19/28

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Glen Canyon Substrate Classification Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 20/28 20/28

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Glen Canyon Substrate Classification Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 20/28 20/28

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Glen Canyon Substrate Classification Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 20/28 20/28

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Glen Canyon Substrate Classification Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 20/28 20/28

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The Future of Substrate Acoustics Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 21/28 21/28

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The Future of Substrate Acoustics Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 21/28 21/28

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The Future of Substrate Acoustics Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 21/28 21/28

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Suspended Particle Characterization By Sound Scattering Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 22/28 22/28

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Suspended Particle Characterization By Sound Scattering • Viable means for continuous monitoring of suspensions • Decades of research for simple sediment • How well dœs it work in the ‘real world’? (flocs, bubbles, organisms) Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 22/28 22/28

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2. Particle Size By Light Scattering Davies, Buscombe et al (2014) J. Atmos. & Oceanographic Tech. Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 23/28 23/28

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2. Particle Size By Light Scattering Davies, Buscombe et al (2014) J. Atmos. & Oceanographic Tech. Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 23/28 23/28

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Particle Holography Davies, Buscombe et al (2014) J. Atmos. & Oceanographic Tech. Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 24/28 24/28

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Particle Holography Davies, Buscombe et al (2014) J. Atmos. & Oceanographic Tech. Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 24/28 24/28

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Particle Size: Light vs. Sound Scattering Buscombe et al. (in prep) JGR - Oceans Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 25/28 25/28

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The Future of Suspended ‘Particle’ Characterization Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 26/28 26/28

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Concluding Remarks 1. We can continue to make advances in measuring particle size of submerged sediment by studying the interactions of particles with sound and light Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 27/28 27/28

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Concluding Remarks 2. By trading accuracy/precision for coverage (space & time), we can tease out the two-way feedbacks between particle size and fluids as landforms evolve Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 27/28 27/28

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Concluding Remarks 3. Biological-physical benthic interactions in rivers, lakes and seas Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 27/28 27/28

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Thanks for Listening dbuscombe dbuscombe-usgs Daniel Buscombe. [email protected] Utah State University, 3/14/17 28/28 28/28