Lifespan Development Psychology Subject

Week 1 Freud’s Psychosexual stages Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development Theory Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

1 Freud’s Psychosexual stages & Examples ● Louis who is a addicted to smoking and has become a chain smoker now. ● Roy who is an adult now but is still always messy and disorganized. Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development Theory & examples ● Thumb sucking became a habit of comfort during sleep ● Adam decided to slice up his cake equally and share the sweets he had equally Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development ● Mother feeds her baby in the morning, next time the child is hungry, they will cry and hopes that the mother will hear and feed them again. ● Children begin to assert their independence by walking away from their mother and making choices about what they like to wear. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development ● I will steal if I know that I will not get caught. ● I will not let her know my bad because i want her to feel that I am good.

2 Theories Examples Erikson’s Stages of Developmental 1. Aria is a 17 year old high school student who often gets stressed out due to the fact that she does not have a clue on what career path she would like to pursue in the future. 2. Chan’s gravely ill grandmother often experience the feeling of regret because she did not travel around the world when she was younger. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development 1. A child thinks that the person is tall and thin, and another person who is short and chubby will have the same weight. 2. If an object is big, it might be heavier than the small object, without considering the difference in densities. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development 1. Amanda challenges Sara to break a plate, but she doesn’t because of the fear of being punished 2. Ally helps Amy to do her homework, so that the next time Ally doesn’t know something Amy might help in return. Freud’s Psychosexual Developmental 1. The baby sucks on objects that are near him because it gives him the satisfaction in his mouth even though it is inedible. 2. Tom’s uses his energy to develop new skills including knowing how to fold a paper crane and playing football.

3 Theories Examples Freud’s 5 Psychosexual Developmental Theory 1. When Bobby was a baby, he was not properly fed and his caregiver did not took care of him properly. Bobby has a habit of biting his nail. 2. Amanda puts most of her attention towards her homework and sports activities. She hates it when boys get near her or try to talk to her. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stage Theory of Development 1. Sam like to dance ballet yet he was a boy and his parents was more prefer him to play piano. He was suffered from it either to continue his hobby or not. 2. Ray’s new born child was trying to grab the chili sos during their lunch time. Ray did not stop his baby yet encourage him to try on it. Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development 1. Tim starts to identify and understand the objects around him. 2. Dan begins to interact with the items around him that are within his environment. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Reasoning 1. Most of the students will follow the rules setting by the school, as they want to avoid the punishment and they realize that they will be praised by the teachers if they follow the rules. 2. The Americans take their own benefits and rights as the most important things in their life, therefore, they will make responses towards the rules that they think are not fair to them, rather than consider right or wrong, or safe or dangerous, for example, the gun rights.

4 Theory Example Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Theory 1. Lia is good in Math but she feels discouraged and doubts her abilities as she does not receive support from her parents when she got low marks in her exam. 2. Alex struggles to have a lasting relationship and feels lonely Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Theory 1. When Amanda was a child, she wasn’t being treated with care by her caregiver, as she grows up, she often had an issue with nail bitings. 2. As Bob grows up, he develops a feeling of having the desire to replace his father.

5 Theory Example Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development 1. Two-year-olds child can crawling, walking, sucking, grasping, looking and listening with their parents. 2. As Moxley grows older, instead of having difficulties in comprehending his studies, he’s able to resolve that that difficulty and understand better in his classes. Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development 1. I better not drink alcohol and drive because my siblings will think less of me and I, in turn will think less of myself. 2. It would be bad for me to take my brother’s toy because my mother will punish me.

6 Theories Examples Erikson’s 1. Six year old Ella tries to cross the street without help and she succeeds thus, gaining praise by her parents and feelings of competence. 2. Ahmad spends his early 30s feeling despondent because his life is repetitive and predictable. He also has yet to been able to find a life partner to start a family with, making him feel worthless. Piaget 1. Sophia moves around and try to explore her environment 2. Sophia begins to realize an object exist . Freud’s 1. Adam addicted drinking alcohol and make him turn to a alcoholic. 2. Sam likes to control her bladder because when she was still a kid, she used to punished by her mother once and cause she feeling shame when go to toilet after she was adult. Kolhberg’s 1. Ali helped his friend to clean the classroom to get a higher merit score. 2. Dinda speaks against her unjust and racist CEO despite knowing she might lose her job for it.

Week 3 How are the things (as titled in the slides) that can help with infant development?

Perceptual Skill Perceptual skills are the brain's ability to make sense of what the eyes see. ● Vision are not fully developed at birth as an infant has very little to see while in the womb ● As infant matures, they begin to see color more easily and are able to focus on objects that are near them.

Perceptual Skill 9 to 12 months ● Baby should be able to grasp objects with thumb and forefinger. ● Babies can now judge distances fairly well and throw things with precision. ● Parents should encourage crawling rather than early walking to help the child develop better eye-hand coordination. Birth to 4 months ● Eye-hand coordination begins to develop as the infant starts tracking moving objects with his or her eyes and reaching for them. ● Babies should begin to follow moving objects with their eyes and reach for things at around three months of age. 5 to 8 months ● Depth perception - The ability to judge if objects are nearer or farther away than other objects. ● When baby starts crawling, it helps to develop eye-hand-foot-body coordination.

Gross Motor Skill Why is it important Working on gross motor skills helps a child gain strength and confidence in his/her body. It also helps them get exercise and physical activity, which is important for a healthy lifestyle. Developing these skills helps a child's ability to do more complex skills in future activities, such as playing soccer with a team. How can we develop gross motor skills for infants: ● Take some tummy time ● Have a ball ● A little give and take ● Bring out the blocks ● Take a stand ● Finger food fun ● Make it a-maze-ing

Sensory Skill SENSES SENSORY SKILL Hearing - Baby will mostly respond to a higher-pitched voice. - Talk more to the baby will help he/she to develop his/ her language skills. - Parents could buy toys like maraca or whistle to increase baby’s awareness to sounds. Taste Can let your child try any food (example the 4 different taste) can help to raise a babies’ awareness of their sense of taste and give them an opportunity to express preferences Touch Allowing your child to interact with different textures of items (example the floor, sand and dirt) can help them learn and understand more about their surroundings Smell Babies have really strong sense of smell. It helps them learn about people and places, and leads the development of their other senses. Their sense of smells develop even before they were born. Sight The babies are borned with weak vision ability, they only able to track the items very near to their face and they are not sensitive with the colours in similar tones, therefore, parents could train them by focus their vision with a bright primary colour toy, and move the toy slowly followed with the babies’ eye sight.

Fine Motor Skill Fine Motor Skill is the coordination of small muscles, in movements usually involving the synchronisation of hands and fingers with the eyes. They help children perform important tasks and these skills begin to develop and continue to improve throughout childhood development. Activities to develop Fine Motor Skills Picking up small blocks or toys Playing with dough Laying out colourful playmats Floor playing with colourful objects Building blocks

Nutrition Why is nutrition important for the baby? Nutrition could help baby to grow and stay health. Besides, also could help the baby immune system function more better. What does a baby need nutrition wise? 1. Calcium, for strong bones and teeth. 2. Fat. Creates energy, helps the brain develop, keeps skin and hair healthy, and protects against infections. 3. Folate. Helps cells divide. 4. Iron. Builds blood cells, and helps the brain develop. Breast-fed babies should receive iron supplements. 5. Protein and carbohydrates. They provide energy and fuel growth 6. Zinc. Helps the cells grow and repair themselves

Food An Infant Needs For The First 12 Months Breast milk helps with the infant’s development, to fight off diseases which are some of the reasons why it is the best to be fed to the infant for up to 6 months of age. Formula is a good option if the mother has difficulties to breastfeed or has decided to use formula instead. After 6 months, the infant should be fed solid foods such as pureed vegetables and fruits as well as high-protein food such as mashed beans. Anything processed should be avoided as the infant’s body may not be able to deal with those just yet.

Week 4 Videos to Guess which Theories

1 1 https:/ /youtu.be/NmMncJ1Aty0 2 https:/ /youtu.be/alNI45hzzmY 3 https:/ /youtu.be/uTmwFY2Tndw

2 Videos to guess which type of attachment:

3 1 2 3

4 https://vt.tiktok.com/ZSEbQHAq/ https://vt.tiktok.com/ZSEbPC4t/

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Part 2

1 DIMENSIONS OF TEMPERAMENT Slow to warm up children Difficult children Easy children

2 Easy children Difficult children Slow-to-warm-up children 3 temperament classifications:

3 EASY TEMPERAMENT

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Week 5 Piaget’s Sensorimotor Substage 1 & 2 Piaget’s Sensorimotor Substage 3 Piaget’s Sensorimotor Substage 4 Piaget’s Sensorimotor Substage 5 Piaget’s Sensorimotor Substage 6 Primary and Secondary circular reactions Tertiary circular reactions Means-end behavior Object permanence Deferred imitation

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Substage 1 & 2 Stage 1 Reflexes (0-1 month) ● The infant knows the world solely by means of inborn reflexes such as sucking and looking. ● For instance, When you put your finger in her mouth, she doesn't think about what to do, but she sucks with as a reflex. Stage 2 Primary Circular Reactions (1-4 months) ● The baby will repeat pleasurable actions centred on its own body. ● For instance, a child may suck his or her thumb by accident and then later intentionally repeat the action. These actions are repeated because the infant finds them pleasurable.

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Substage 3 Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months) During this substage, the child becomes more focused on the world and begins to intentionally repeat an action in order to trigger a response in the environment. Now babies repeat pleasurable actions that involve objects as well as actions involving their own bodies. ● An example of this is the infant who shakes the rattle for the pleasure of hearing the sound that it produces. ● For example, a child will purposefully pick up a toy in order to put it in his or her mouth.

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Substage 4 Coordinating secondary circular reactions (8 months - a year old) When infant is between 8 months - a year old, they will begin to combine their learned abilities and reflexes to achieve goals. For example, they might crawl to pick up a toy across the room or push aside toys blocking the specific one they want. At this point, the baby can plan and coordinate actions in response to thoughts. ➢ They may also enjoy simple games ➢ Turn and look when they hear something ➢ Recognize certain words and respond to them ➢ Say a few words or imitate your speech (though they’ll still mostly communicate with gestures such as waving or reaching)

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Substage 5 Tertiary circular reactions (12 and 18 months) - Learn more through motor coordination, planning, and experimentation - Different from secondary circular reactions: intentional adaptations to specific situations - The infant will tries to put back together what he/ she had once taking apart - For example: - Begin to understand and respond to simple directions or questions and may begin using phrases

Piaget’s Sensorimotor Substage 6 Stage 6- Representational thought (18-24 months) According to Piaget’s theory, at 18 months children begin to understand that symbols can represent objects.This expands on the concept of object permanence — the knowledge that objects continue to exist even when they can’t be seen. The children are able to use mental strategies to solve problems, engage in pretend play and remember something heard days ago and repeat it. Example: The children would using the simple language to catalog objects such as “doggie” and “horsey”.

Primary and Secondary circular reactions Primary circular reactions This substage includes the period between 1 and 4 months. The baby will begin to make specific movements for their own enjoyment. If they make a certain sound or movement without meaning to and enjoy how it feels, they will try it again and again. Behaviors common to this stage include thumb-sucking, kicking, smiling, and cooing. Secondary circular reactions From 4 - 8 months of age, infants will use objects to learn about the world. This process generally begins by accident, but as the baby starts to enjoy their ability to make things happen, they will continue these activities again and again. They might throw or drop a toy, shake a rattle, or bang objects together to make delightful sounds. They will also be able to make more sounds on their own. For example, they will laugh, make speech-like sounds, and use sound to express happiness, excitement, or unhappiness.

Tertiary circular reactions In this stage, using both motor and planning abilities, the toddler can be referred to as little scientists. The toddler begin to explore the world using trial and error which helps them learn about the world. E.g. A toddler may try to grab the attention of their caregiver by making different sounds and engaging in different actions.

Means-end behavior Definition Mean-end behavior involves the planned execution of a series of steps to achieve a goal, in situations where obstacles to the goals’ achievement must first be removed. ● Means-end behaviour happens when the child can do an arrangement of steps, including the removal of an actual deterrent, to accomplish an objective. ● The advancement of means-end information occurs in three phases: momentary, deliberate, and exhaustive. ● Thorough methods end is accomplished when the youngster can create arrangements without show of the arrangement by another also, without experimentation. ● The accomplishment of means-end is viewed as an essential formative achievement in light of its solid positive connection to deliberate correspondence and its connection boat to understanding the plan of other's activities

Object permanence What? "Object Permanence" is used to describe a child's ability to know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard. How? ● To determine if object permanence was present, Piaget would show a toy to an infant before hiding it or taking it away. In one version of his experiment, Piaget would hide a toy under a blanket and then observe to see if the infant would search for the object. ● Piaget believed that the children who were upset that the toy was gone lacked the understanding of object permanence, while those who searched for the toy had reached this developmental milestone.

Deferred imitation Deferred imitation refers to observing a model and replicating important aspects of the model's behavior after some significant period. It is also the delayed repetition of a behavior at a later time than when it actually occurred. Infants and very young children are unable to hold memories of behaviors in their memory and recall them later. Example: ● Language/ speech ● Imagery ● Symbolic plays and movement/ actions

Week 10 Strength vs Weakness

1 Strength ● While I may not be smart, but I am still able to realize that life is full of new beginnings to right the wrong(basically redeeming myself for not having a great and meaningful memory). ● I would say I am a decent tennis player for a person who started late and not able to train often. ● Me being not as capable as others and not receiving equal treatment enables me to be have a higher level or humility and empathy compared to the rest(I may sound like bragging but this is a fact as I know how dreadful this experience is) Weaknesses ● Not excelling in academics like the people in my surroundings ● Lack of knowledge ● Not able to live up to the expectation as an “ideal person” ● Not a good communicator

2 Strength ● Determined ● Strong-willed If I set my goals on something, I will definitely give my best to achieve it. Weakness ● Prefer to be at the back ● Impatient

3 STRENGTH WEAKNESS I am the best in accepting things and adapting to new things. I am super duper understanding, as long it has a proper and acceptable reason for it. I am a very good listener, and i tend to think before i talk. Even when someone hurt me, i won’t try to hurt them back. I think that everyone is pure and kind, everyone has a kind thoughts and intention. I don’t usually feel defensive towards anyone. It’s a little difficult for me to say no to people, and although i wanted to reject, i just couldn’t. I prioritize people i love and care instead of myself.

4 Strength Weakness ● I care a lot about what other people think of me. ● Easily relent ● When i very very very very angry or sad, i will self-harm or have bad thoughts ● Cooking ● Good listener ● Caring about animal

5 Strength -I could feel like giving up at any times, but I have a high determinations that could keep me going. -No matter how bad people hurt me, I will accept it and have no intentions to revenge them. -I am a fast learner whenever it comes to music or learning musical instrument. -Even though I am sad, I will put others first before myself. -Able to take care of many many pets Weaknesses -I overthink -I care for what other people would think of me -Have a low self-confident -Always have a negative thoughts -It will turn to be a suicidal thoughts whenever I felt helpless. -I’ll compare myself

6 ● I rarely open up my emotions and feelings towards people even though they think they think that we have a close relationship ● I am good at hiding and digesting my feelings well until I am ready to talk out with a person that I fully trust. ➢ I tend to give people 100% even though the energy is not reciprocated ➢ Always find myself thinking about the worst case scenarios Strengths Weaknesses

7 Strength - I am very easy going person and friendly. Definitely an extroverted person which helps me adapt to new things easily. - In everything i do i like to put my 100% effort in it Weakness - Very sensitive person - Unserious

8 Strengths - I learn skills very quickly - I am annoyingly entertaining sometimes - I’m good at art and a good musician - I love making people feel happy - I love public speaking Weaknesses - I overthink ALOT - I lack confidence - I’m easily insecure - I’m sensitive and emotional - I have issues loving myself

9 - Good at dancing (Self-learner) - Tend to listen to others - Fast learner - Prefer to try new things - Lack of confidence - Sometimes, I might have aggressive negative thoughts when I am toooooooo angry/ sad - Hard to pursue by others (even if it was make senses) - Care the others who are precious to me more than myself - Always think negative first

10 My strength: - I’m always thinks for others My weakness: - This also could be my weakness because if others makes mistake to me I always be forgive them easily instead I would be think is my own problem irst. - I’m easily felt irritated and frustrated on how the things happen on me. - I lack conident.

11 Strength I am good in baking cake Love to sing a song at stage Weakness But I am not so professional Not confidence to do it because think that I am poor in singging

12 Strengths ● I am a good listener as i love hearing people share their thoughts and feelings to me. ● I am best at accepting things that don’t go my way ● I am a very patient person and have a high level of tolerance Weakness ● I overthink so much that i do not realise i on my fingers that they bleed ( i tried stopping but i end up breaking down in tears) ● Instead of saying anything i keep silent and be a doormat ● Behind closed doors i am actually a very emotional person which means i do not show my emotions even to my family members.

13 Strength ❖ Creative ❖ Flexible ❖ Unbiased ❖ adaptable ❖ optimistic weakness ● emotional ● overthinking ● Hesitant

14 Strength ● I can be the listener ● I can take care others very well ● I will take it easy all things happens around me and what others think of me . ● If I set a goal I definitely try to achieve I won’t back step that easily. ● I’m not easily get emotional (cry) for any situation. Weakness ● Shy ● My mother - if she sad, it like if she sad I will sad and the day like not a good for me.

15 Strength ● I’m good in normal sciences (Form 4 + Form 5) ● I love singing have a singer dream Weakness ❖ But some of the chapter I also not so understand just use to memorized it ❖ But no confidence because of my parents contradict ❖ Slow learner ❖ Like to compare with others

16 Strength I am not always the best at understanding, but I am a good listener so people can confide in me always. I am almost always constantly aware of my abilities/what I can achieve so I always work hard to either improve or maintain my skills in order to make myself proud. I try to do new things whenever possible because I love learning which is why I am good at baking cakes and cookies hihi Weaknesses I tend to put so much pressure on myself to be the best at everything I do which stresses me out and causes me to start burning out. When things get overwhelming, I am not able to control my emotions so I tend to just not do anything which makes me feel unproductive. I am an argumentative person which sometimes makes people uncomfortable :/

17 Strength I am not good in phone texting speed, but I am good in computer typing speed in different languages. I am not good in remembering the numeric password, but I remember the direction when pressing/typing. I may not be very familiar with phone, but I tend to catch up quickly when working with computer. I can recognise the “road” quickly when travelling to new places. I can recognise the voice when somebody is speaking over the phone and online classes without looking the face. I catch up things slowly, but I don’t forget easily. Weakness I do not have a broad knowledge of vocabulary. Whenever I come across new word, I will have to look up for the dictionary. I struggle to eat in a very fast speed. I tend to feel left out when everyone is talking about something that I have totally no idea of what is going on. I struggle to control my emotion when I see and smell something disgusting in the toilet and kitchen, I will feel like wanting to vomit, because I have previous head injury. After moving to the next stage of life, I only remember / recognise face, but not name due to previous head injury.

18 I’m a good basketball player. I’ll try to see things equally and judge things fairly. But I will get nervous easily and mess up. But there are times where my judgement are clouded by negative thoughts or other things and I don’t judge them fairly.

19 Strength 1. Take things seriously 2. Learning ability Weakness 1. Procrastination 2. Stay up late 3. softhearted

20 Strength ● I frequently update my latest personalities by myself, therefore, I am clear with who am I and what I want. ● I will fight for my right, if I am sure that is the thing that I am really demand or adverse for. ● I accept my negative thinkings and emotions and find the way to release it. ● I like to build up friendship and influence others in positive way. Weakness ● Because I frequently judging myself by my own thinking, this build up my stubborn characteristics. ● I decide to stay passive most of the time, even though I demand on something, is all about the ranking. ● I can easily lost my temper. ● I can easily move the focus to myself, sometimes will get the comments lack of empathy skills.

Week 11 - Early Adolescent Explain yourself how do you choose a college. Explain yourself how do you choose a BF/GF. ( 1 person take 1 slide with 2 column)

1 College 1. Search 2. Get information 3. Get feedback from family & friends 4. Is it recognised 5. Join Partner (Evolutionary theory) ● Respectful and sensitive ● Funny ● Tall ● Supportive ● Trust ● Financially stable ● Love dogssss

2 College - Location near KLCC, the place where I am more familiar with - Affordable fees - Course offered is recognised Partner (Parental Investment Theory) - Can speak the same language - Can cook, take photography, good knowledge in technology - Responsible, helpful, friendly, respect - With education background and healthy lifestyle - Enjoy sports and travelling

3 College ● Refer if they have the course that I am interested in ● Share it to my family members ● Compare the prices and facilities they offer ● Make the final decision Partner ➢ Have the same sense of humour ➢ Thoughtful ➢ Educated, all rounder ➢ Loyalty & maturity ➢ Think long-term Social Role Theory

4 College ● Courses offered ● College & Course Accreditation ● Facilities & Environment ● Location Partner ● Not looking for a partner

5 Geographic Location Academic Quality Overall cost Campus environment Resource and support system Beside physical options like tall, black hair,... Having coming things Mature enough

6 How do i choose college? - Location (LRT and Bus) - Education Fair How do i choose partner? - No specific criteria - Caring (love animals)

7 College ● Location ● Campus environment ● Feedback / recommendation from my friends and family ● Check if the college has the course that i want ● Find out a little bit about the lecturers Partner ( social role ) ● Well i am not really looking for anyone right now because i am comfortable with my own company :) but for the characteristics, ● Same faith ● Well educated ● Humble ● Accepts my scars and for who i am ● Loyal

8 How do I choose a college? -In my honest opinion, I have no particular reference. It is an education in the end of the day. Education is inevitable and I for one would join any institution. -The reason I selected Erican College is through education fair. How do I choose BF/GF? - I am an asexual lol. - Despite that, the only thing I can say is similar to being a fan(be it football club or celebrity) in order to select an ideal life partner or to be in a relationship, loyalty is the most important virtue here.

9 College ● Cost of the courses ● Facilities ● College environment Partner ● I never think about this

10 College ● Know my interest ● Through Academic Fair ● Cost of the Course Partner ● Already got ● But if ideal - Tall (180 cm), hard working to earn money, respect me, handsome, love music like me, understand me and more ➔ Social Role Theory

11 How I chose a college? - Not too far from my house - Program provided (Psychology) - Academic fees (Affordable) - CP value the highest: Erican College - What I can get after study? How I choose a partner? (Social Role Theory) - Most important, to have a similar maturity - NO male chauvinism - Can get along well, understand each other - Earn money, complete and improve myself (Only self being good that you can be able to decide what you want)

12 College - Course their offer - Fee - By Education Fair - I like to travel Partner ( Social Role Theory) - I haven't think about it yet. - But in relationship there must have trust, loyalty, understanding, and love.

13 How do I choose a college? How do I choose a partner? (Parental Investment Theory) ● Is okay with lame jokes ● Responsible ● Communicates well with me ● Sweet :) ● Is not misogynistic

14 How do I choose College? ● The tuition fees are no too expensive ● Not too far from my home ● Have nice and friendly lecturer ● Before study the college I will visit the college first ● Make sure the course provided How do I choose my partner? ● Tall ● Mature ● Smart ● Caring ● Handsome ● Don't trick me so rude ● Respect each other ● Must know how to cook ● Have photographic talent ● Funny and friendly ● Responsible ● He must love me forever until we die together ● The maximum age is 26 and below ● If he meet leng lui make sure he is no looking at her. Because I enough pretty alrdy ● Financial stable

15 Choose college ● Follow my interested field ● Survey more than 10x ● Ask opinions from friends Choose partner ● Comfortable ● Open minded ● Caring ● Responsible

16 College: Surveying the right college based on where the certificates and degrees as well as diplomas are recognisable overseas and as well choosing a college that lets me to be able to pursue my following courses in the future run with lecturers that are as helpful. Partner: Choosing a partner for me has to be based off of their personality, behaviour and attitude comparing to physical attraction of the person. This is because attitude and personality would be better in the long run knowing you have a partner that is compatible with you.

17 -Not too far from my home -An affordable tuition fee -Follow my Instinct -Have a look at the college and its environment -Already Have XD -Don’t need any specific criteria -Have a good personality -Always being supportive -Can get along with my weirdness and loud laugh -Depends on my first feeling How do I choose a college? How do I choose a BF?

18 How do I choose College? - Affordable tuition fees - What kind of courses provide in the college - The college environment - The creativeness - English level - Student activeness How do I choose my partner? - MUST: above 170 cm, love pets - Any age is okay for me, but mental age must be mature than me - Someone who always stay in the same channel with me - Motivate me and give me idea, when I am loss. - Can discuss his viewpoint with me - We are dependent to each others, but always remember we are independent individual >> Social Role theory

19 How do I choose college - The fee - The location and environment - The courses they provide How do I choose a partner - Honestly idk, never put much thought into it

20 How do i choose a college? - Not too far, can reach by MRT/LRT - Offers scholarship - Elective programmes - No hidden/extra fees after register - Good and friendly environment How do i choose a bf? - Maximum 10 years older - Minimum 170cm cause i short - Kind, sensitive, quick-witted, funny, polite, independent, responsible, have ambition - Depends on my feelings - Understand and prioritize consent

21 How do i choose college? Price Cert Distance How do i choose partner? Loyalty Understanding Tolerance

Week 12 What’s the family generational issue you have?

A B Education - Those days higher education was not something that had been prioritised. They have focused more on supporting their family and themselves financially so a basic education was all they needed for that eg. SPM,PMR. - Today that has changed as the younger generation seeks more education in order to have a better job that could also financially make them stable and also provide them a luxury lifestyle. ● They have way too many superstitious beliefs that sometimes sound really ridiculous such as, before leaving the house they shouldn’t see empty food plate as it is bad luck. ● Instead of continuing their studies they stop at SPM and start working. ● Everyone in the family has to get married or else they will be called as a shame to the family .

A Family generational issue? - Lack of big family reunion - Different education level - Prefers traditional method - Narrow-minded - Reserved - Never mix with other cultures - Dialects are not passing down to the next generations - Girls don’t have much freedom like boys. B Family generational issue? - We don’t communicate with each other much - Quite distant and rarely showing affection in the household - Everyone is very independent so we don’t rely on each other or speak our minds to each other

A Different values or views on family ● 2nd Generation & 3rd Generation ○ Younger generation wants freedom and explore the world (doesn't mean they’re neglecting family members) ● 1st Generation ○ Older generation prioritize being physically present in the home with them - Tend to give us our own freedom of choice - Is always supportive of each other’s decisions - Hoarding (can’t seem to let go of old things) - Emphasize on mannerisms - Make sure to educate us into being family-oriented for the future - Have superstitious beliefs ( avoid from gifting a clock to others, the number 4 is not good, never cut fingernails during the night) B

A Family Generational Problem? ● Lack of family reunion ● My mother cares more about my brother ● When my relatives criticize or scold me, my mother always tells me that they are just joking, which makes me unable to communicate with her ● I don't like to communicate with my father because he is very fierce ● When something goes wrong, my family thinks it's my fault, even though no one else thinks it's my fault B ● Traditional thinking ● A little over protective ● Hard to accept new things ● Communication becomes lesser

A ● Based on my family, my parent give freedom (they very cool and chill type) but my grandparent don’t and those days doctor, lawyer, and engineering are best studies, and for girls must know how to cook. Then my grandparent don’t like when girls dancing in any function but they accept singing good. They always said that when you have education then only people will respect you. My grandparent won’t that easily agree for love marriage but now they understand but still they if you fell in love you must 21 years and above because of maturity. B ● Traditional mindset ● Want me to become a lawyer/ doctor/ teacher ● Girl only can cook or be housewife ● Don't allow me go out with friends even I go for work trip. ● I need to listen their opinion even I tell them the reason they say I am rude. ● Before 30 need to married if not they will help me find the guy to married me. ● I less communicate with my father because he is the strict person and I sxared him so much.

A The unfortunate reality is that majority family members lack of empathy and will only respect those who are in power or really smart/good. While my parents taught me the value of respect towards others without judging them, I however am unable to say the same about them based on their personalities. B I think one of the few issue that is present is that my family members (parents and grandparents) believe that without good grades or achievements, it will be hard for a person be have a good life. However me and my brother oppose this mindset and believe that as long as you give your all you can succeed. Although I understand that they only want us to have a better life, I still oppose this way of thinking belief.

A ● Lack communicate with parents because they are tradisional concept and they might hard to communicate because age gap problem. ● Traditional concept which is get education doesn’t important as my father thought. B ● Give me freedom (parents) but my grandmother don’t ● Technology - my grandmother start to learnt using smartphone 3 years ago ● Start from my mother generation which is 2nd generation started to have full education system in their family until my generation which is 3th generation ● The first generation they already have Chinese knowledge so when I can communicate with them by using Chinese

A ● Both of my parents are born in the family that with the thinking that boys must protect girls, therefore we could be teach fairly. ● I blind worship of my elder siblings’ therefore, I will feel proud if I can copy the subject they good at. ● My family never force us to belief on gods, but just wish us to maintain the family culture. B ● My parents are more open-minded compared my grandparents which gives me more freedom in my making my own decisions. ● I believe that we have always valued family first over everything else and it has been this way for generations. ● Religious beliefs have always been practised heavily for generations.

-It started on my mum’s mum’s side where all the first borns, should be in the family’s business , but times have changed , and most of us who are the 3rd generation first borns care less about it. - very paternalistic and autocratic - My parents were believed on me & will not force me to do anything I do not like. However, the other relatives will choose the route for their children since they might not be able to do their own decision. - Most of the adults will not listen to children because of the moral of filial piety. - Dad side relatives: more materialistic & cared girls more than boys. - Mom side relatives: cared boys more, very strict to the rule of eating could not make any voices (tap noises of chopsticks and bowl) A B

A ● Before that, my grandfather and grandmother will respect my decisions but they will limit my freedom. ● After grandfather passed away, I have less interaction with family members.(just have interaction with grandmother) ● Not from same background that’s why no interaction. B ● Lack of family reunion ● Started from my generation, we don’t speak our parents first language. (Bidayuh & Tamil). ● Always have the freedom to do whatever I want or go wherever I want ● Less communication with my brother and father because they’ll always judge me. ● Need to make a quick decision on what I planned to study for diploma and degree.

A Traditional thought Lack of educational knowledge Communication gap B Traditional thought It is very common in my relatives they got married when they were around 20 but because my parents is open minded they didn't accept this traditional thought so they let my brother and me continue our studies and enjoy our life

Week 13 How would you spend the rest of your time after retirement?

1 Retirement Financial Plan (RM 480,000) Annual Medical Checkup 500 x 20 = 10,000 Travel Budget 1,000 x 20 = 20,000 Supplements 2,500 x 20 = 50,000 Daily Expenses 20,000 x 20 = 400,000

v 2 Approximately 90k + savings for travel and others monthly expenditure- RM950 in monthly expenditures over 20 would be taken from the EPW after retirement. Medical expense RM500-1000 yearly/monthly

3 - Retirement Plan (Travel + Retirement Home)

Total in today’s value Inflation adjusted total (2% p.a.) First 5 years Independent living at RM36,000 a year RM180,000 RM326,045.09 (in 30 years) Next 5 years Semi-independent living at RM37,200 a year RM186,000 RM371,979.46 (in 35 years) Last 5 years Assisted living at RM40,400 a year RM202,000 RM446,024.01 (in 40 years) TOTAL RETIREMENT SAVINGS RM1,144,048.56 3 - Financial Plan RM 3-4 Mil (Travel + Retirement Home) Multiple-sharing room RM2,500 x 12 RM30,000 Diapers RM300 x 12 RM3,600 Medical check-up at a private hospital RM1,500 Medication & supplements RM150 x 12 months RM1,800 Annual premium for medical insurance RM3,500 Total RM40,400

4 - 5 million and above (travelling, daily activities, medical checkups)

5 Retirement Financial Plan Annual Medical Checkup 500 x 20 = 10,000 Travel Budget 8,000 x 20 = 160,000 Supplements 15,000 x 20 = 300,000 Daily Expenses 150,000 x 20 = 3,000,000 Total: 4-5 million, best to have extra

6 Approximately 3 million

7 Approximately 2.5 - 3.5 million

8 Minimum cost or budget is cost between $20,000 to $30,000 per person to travel around the world for a year and other expenses between $50,000 to to &90,000.

9 (3-5 million)

10 ( 3 - 5 million)

1 1 (Retirement estimate expenses: 3-5 million)

12 ( 2 million or might above) Cooking class per month- RM200-RM300 Medical check up per month- Rm400- Rm500 Teeth check up per month- RM300- Rm400 Hangout with friends- RM 100- RM 200 pet Food or demand items per month- RM200- RM300 Apartment electric bill per month - RM1,000- RM3,000

13 *Financial Budget Baking/cooking class: RM 6000 Garden: RM 200 - 500 per year Medical expenses: RM400-RM 500 per year

14

Estimated expenses : A few Million 15

16 - Medical expenses : Rm500-600 a month - Daily expenditure : Rm50 a day - Yearly : 1 Million

17 ^ Become a Volunteer ^ v Comfortable Lifestyle v ^ Gathering ^ Financial budget: at least 1 million

18 Estimate cost ● Rm100,000

19

20

21 ● Keep a pet ● Maybe live seclusion in mountain ● Get friend for chit chat? ● Make a will of my property for my next generation

22

23 Financial Budget: ★ At least 1 million

24 $$ Budget: around 1 million $$