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A Brief history of web Sujan Maharjan

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNET Chapter - 1

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Early Seeds: The 1960s ● 1962 : "Man and Computer Symbiosis" By J.C.R. Licklider ● 1965 : Paul Baran at RAND, Proposes a distributed network design based on data packets ● 1969 : ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network)

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Building the foundation: The 1970s ● 1971 : Ray Tomlinson sends the first email, "QWERTYUIOP" between two computers on ARPANET, ( SNDMSG ) ● 1973 : Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf develop the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) ● 1976: Queen Elizabeth II sends the first ever email from the UK, marking a significant step towards broader adoption.

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The rise of the web: the 1980s and 1990s ● 1989: Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in Switzerland invents the World Wide Web ● 1993: Mosaic, the first widely used web browser with graphical interface, is released ● Mid-1990s: The dot-com boom, Development of search engines, e-commerce platforms, and social media.

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Tim Berners-Lee : Father of Internet ● Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ● Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) ● HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) He developed the code for his Web server on a NeXT computer.

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History of Javascript Chapter - 2

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Humble Beginnings: 1995 ● Netscape, a rising browser wars ● Brendan Eich created JavaScript ● "Mocha” -> "LiveScript" -> “JavaScript” ● Release with Netscape Navigator 2.0

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Learning to fly: 1996-1998 ● A “Toy Language”, Its simplicity became its biggest strength ● 1996 : Internet Explorer was released, with JScript ● 1997 : ECMA Script was released ○ European Computer Manufacturers Association ○ Harmony

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The Browser Wars and Beyond: 1999-2009 ● Internet Explorer challenging Netscape's dominance ● Libraries like Prototype and jQuery emerged ● The rise of web applications like Gmail and Google Maps ● 2008 : Release of V8 and Chrome ● 2009 : Release of NodeJS

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Emerge JS Web frameworks Chapter - 3

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The Dawn of Frameworks : 2010-2017 ● 2010 : Backbone.js popularized the MVC ● 2010 - 2011 : AngularJS becomes a major player with reusable Components ● 2012 : Ember.js gains traction ● 2013 : React came with its virtual DOM and component based architecture ● 2014 : Vue emerges as lightweight ● 2017 : Svelte introduces a novel "reactive compiler"

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The Golden age & Innovation: 2018 - Present ● SPAs became a norm ● Handling state management, routing, and even server-side rendering. ● The focus is on developer experience ● TypeScript gains popularity ● Rise of Meta frameworks ○ Next, Nuxt, Gatsby, Remix, Selvet Kit, and many more

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Future of web development Chapter - 4

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gazing into the crystal ball, reveal possibilities ● Increased Interactivity and Immersion ● Enhanced Developer Tools and Automation: ● Focus on Security and Privacy ● Sustainability and Accessibility

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Future Technologies ● Go lang ● HTMX ● WebGL ● Web Assembly ● Rust lang (Yup, Rocket) ● Bun

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References 1. Raymond Tomlinson : a. https://youtu.be/XhXk3wzemR4 b. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/60at60/2015/8/1971-first-ever-email-392 973 2. Tim Berners-Lee : https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tim-Berners-Lee 3. Brendan Eich : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan_Eich 4. Web frameworks : https://www.statista.com/statistics/1124699/worldwide-developer-survey-most-used-frame works-web/ 5. State of JS : https://2022.stateofjs.com/en-US/libraries/front-end-frameworks/ 6. Statcounter : https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share 7. Google Brad