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Varnish to the rescue Leszek Krupiński
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@leafnode PHPers Manual Consultant Architect
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intro
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web 1. User 2. Browser 3. Server
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user is impatient
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fast!
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100ms
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1s = -11% Page Views -16% User Satisfaction -7% Conversion
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1-5s ! 32% consumers lost
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(2012) average: 2.45s
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Optimize application
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• Frameworks • Limits • Time-consuming operations • Cost
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Maybe it’s not needed?
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Cache!
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Many levels, many solutions
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But… my site is very dynamic!
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1s TTL
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From 20 rq/s to 1 rq/s in single apt-get install
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Fresh content takes most hits
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Varnish The Web Accelerator
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Architecture
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Works with the kernel not against it
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mmap, threads, epoll, kqueue
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Backends: memory, file
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If it fits in memory, use memory
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Works on HTTP headers
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Cache-control, If-Modified-Since, Expires, Pragma, If-None-Match, Etag, Vary, Age
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Varnish uses language both browser and backend know
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In-memory logs
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75 000 rq/s at TMECC 143 000 rq/s at Redpill-Linpro
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Do I need a lot of memory?
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Nope
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Fresh content takes most hits
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Take that, slashdot effect!
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Configuration
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Lots of possibilities
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Unfortunately, lots of possibilities
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Varnish Configuration Language
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Compiled directly to C
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Hook-like configuration
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vcl_fetch vcl_recv vcl_hit vcl_miss vcl_hash vcl_pass vcl_deliver vcl_error
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restart
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Objects req, bereq, resp, beresp, obj
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Defaults
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vcl_recv
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vcl_hash
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VMods
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throttle, cookie, shield, redis, memcached, curl, url code, redirect…
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Varnish: load balancer failover system
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Directors
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Default: random
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Round-robin, client, hash, dns
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Health check
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Saint mode
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Grace mode
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Two hard things
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Invalidate cache
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Ban list Efficient way to invalidate cache
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Over HTTP
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Use PURGE header
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Real life issues
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Cookies
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Varnish does not cache when cookies are involved
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Ignore cookies
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Pick cookies
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Pick URLs
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Redirects
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POST
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PHP sessions
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CURL VMod
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PHP + memcached
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mobile detection
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mobile detection II
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VMod: DeviceAtlas Mobile Detection
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Cache “one-time” data
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Example: dynamic image resizing
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1B pictures 10 sizes
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apache + moddims
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Fresh content takes most hits
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Different TTL for different parts?
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ESI!
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Testing?
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jQuery plugin
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Just in! Varnish 4.0
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Log query language, background fetch, byte counters, security improvements
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