ソフトウェアアーキテクチャ入門

by Ogata Katsuya

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2025-09-14 / ॳ৺ऀ޲͚νʔϜ։ൃϒʔτΩϟϯϓ #4 ٕज़ෛ࠴Λ࡞Βͳ͍ͨΊͷ ιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟೖ໳ Katsuya Ogata

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ࣗݾ঺հ • ໊લ: ॹํ ࠀ࠸ (͓͕ͨ ͔ͭ΍) • ॴଐ: େࡕେֶ৘ใֶݚڀՊ • झຯ: ొࢁ/ਭ຾/৯ࣄ • ࠷ۙϋϚͬͯΔ͜ͱ: ࣗ୐αʔόʔ • X: @ogata_katsuya • ݸਓ: www.ogatakatsuya.com

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ॳ৺ऀ޲͚νʔϜ։ൃϒʔτΩϟϯϓ #4

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ຊߨ࠲ͷ໨త AI࣌୅ʹ΋௨༻͢ΔΤϯδχΞϦϯάྗཆ੒ߨ࠲ • AI͕ίʔυΛϞϦϞϦॻ͍ͯ͘ΕΔ͔Βͦ͜ɺઃܭྗ΍νʔϜ։ൃͷεΩϧ ͕ɺΑΓڧ͘ٻΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ • όΠϒίʔσΟϯάΛߦ͏͜ͱʹΑΓɺجૅతͳ஌ࣝ΍ٕज़Λ࣋ͨͳ͍·· ϓϩμΫτ։ൃΛߦͳ͍ͬͯ͘ͷ͸ةݥʂ • ΑΓAIΛຯํʹ͚ͭͯɺΑΓྑ͍ΤϯδχΞϦϯάΛ͍ͯͨ͘͠Ίͷߨ࠲

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ॳ৺ऀ޲͚νʔϜ։ൃϒʔτΩϟϯϓ #4

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ΞʔΩςΫνϟͱ͸ʁ ͳʹͦΕ͓͍͍͠ͷʁʁ🤤 • γεςϜશମͷࢥ૝ • ॊೈʹมԽ͢Δ΋ͷΛड͚ೖΕΔͨΊʹɺมԽͤ͞ͳ͍γεςϜͷࠎ૊Έ • ཁ݅΍࢓༷͸มΘ͍ͬͯ͘΋ͷͩͱ૝ఆ͢Δ • ͦͷ্ͰɺॊೈʹରԠͰ͖ΔΑ͏ͳΞʔΩςΫνϟΛબ୒͢Δ • ϓϩδΣΫτͷ్தͰΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ࡮৽͢Δ͜ͱ͸ඇৗʹίετͱϦεΫ ͕ߴ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͏ • ϓϩδΣΫτͷॳظʹ৻ॏ͔ͭ൵؍తʹઃܭΛ͢Δ͜ͱ͕؊ཁ

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ιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟ ͳͥιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟ͕ॏཁͳͷ͔ • AI͸ਖ਼͘͠ಈ͍ͯ͘ΕΔίʔυΛੜ੒͢Δ͜ͱʹ௕͚͍ͯΔ • ͔͠͠ɺ௕ظతͳ໨ઢͰݟͨͱ͖ʹɺ࠷ྑͱ͸ݴ͑ͳ͍ • ৽͍͠ϝϯόʔ͕ίʔυΛཧղ͢Δͷʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔ • ػೳ௥ՃΛ͠Α͏ͱࢥͬͨΒมߋՕॴ͕๲େʹͳΔ • όά͕ൃੜ͠΍͍͢ίʔυʹͳͬͯ͠·͏ • ਓ͕ؒཧղͰ͖ͳ͍ίʔυʹͳͬͯ͠·͏

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ιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟ ͳͥιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟ͕ॏཁͳͷ͔ • ΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸ɺAIʹʮͲΜͳܗͰίʔυΛॻ͔ͤΔ͔ʯͷ౔୆ʹͳͬͯ͘ ΕΔ • ςετΛॻ͖΍͘͢ͳΔ • ੹຿Λద੾ʹ෼཭͢Δ͜ͱͰ෼ۀ͕͠΍͘͢ͳΔ • ΞʔΩςΫνϟΛઃఆ͓ͯ͘͜͠ͱͰɺͦΕҎ߱ͷAIͷग़ྗ΋҆ఆͯ͘͠Δ

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ຊߨٛͷείʔϓ • ΍Δ͜ͱ • ྑ͍ίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷٕज़ • อकੑɾ֦ுੑΛ࣋ͬͨιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟ • ΍Βͳ͍͜ͱ • ϚΠΫϩαʔϏε or ϞϊγϦοΫ • ΠϯϑϥͷབྷΉγεςϜઃܭ

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͓඼ॻ͖ 1. ྑ͍ίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷٕज़ 2. ϨΠϠʔυΞʔΩςΫνϟͷ঺հ 3. ( ͕࣌ؒ͋Ε͹ ) ࣮ફྫ 4. ίʔυ඼࣭ͱτϨʔυΦϑ 5. ·ͱΊ

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1. ྑ͍ίʔυΛॻͨ͘Ίͷٕज़

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ωετΛਂ͘͠ͳ͍ Early returnͱcontinue/breakΛ׆༻͢Δ • ifจͷωετ͕ਂ͘ͳΔͷΛ๷͙ • 🙅 If A -> if B -> ॲཧ • 🙆 If !A return -> if !B return -> ॲཧ • forจதͷifจ΋continue/breakΛ༻͍͙ͯ͢ൈ͚Δ

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σʔλͱॲཧ͸͍ۙ৔ॴʹஔ͘ ϏδωεϩδοΫ͸σʔλΫϥεʹدͤΔ • σʔλΫϥεʹؔ࿈͢ΔϩδοΫ͸ಉ͡৔ॴʹஔ͘ • σόοΫ࣌΍࢓༷มߋ࣌ʹՄಡੑɾมߋ༰қੑ͕޲্͢Δ • σʔλΫϥεͷॳظԽ࣌ʹෆਖ਼஋͕ೖΒͳ͍Α͏ʹݕূ͢Δ • ϩʔΧϧม਺ΛΠϛϡʔλϒϧʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰ༧ظͤ͵্ॻ͖Λ๷͙ • PythonͰ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍͕ɺϝιουͷҾ਺΋Πϛϡʔλϒϧʹ͢Δͱྑ͍

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σʔλܕΛ׆༻͢Δ ؔ਺ͷ໭Γ஋ʹܕΛར༻͢Δ • ؔ਺ͷ໭Γ஋ʹϓϦϛςΟϒܕ(bool, int, fl oat, double, string)͔͠༻͍ͳ͍ • ϓϦϛςΟϒܕࣥண • ໭Γ஋ͷΞϊςʔγϣϯʹ΋σʔλܕΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱͰɺՄಡੑΛ޲্ͤ͞Δ • ΤϥʔͱҰॹʹ݁ՌΛฦ͢Resultܕͱ͍͏ͷ΋ଘࡏ͢Δ • TypeScript, Rust, Golang etc…

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੹຿Λద੾ʹ෼཭͢Δ ୯Ұ੹೚ͷ๏ଇ / ؔ৺ͷ෼཭ • ͳΜͰ΋Ͱ͖ͪΌ͏Ϋϥε(ਆΫϥε)Λ࡞Βͳ͍ • ੹຿ʹԠͯ͡ద੾ʹ෼͚ͯ͋͛Δ • ςετ͕΍Γ΍͘͢ͳΔ • ϦϑΝΫλϦϯά͕͠΍͘͢ͳΔ • ֤ίϯϙʔωϯτΛૄ݁߹ʹอͭ͜ͱ͕ॏཁ • SOLIDݪଇΛࢀর͢Δͱྑ͍

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ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͱϩδοΫΛ෼཭͢Δ ϩδοΫΛӅṭͯ͠ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε͚ͩΛެ։͢Δ • ϩδοΫ͕ີ݁߹ʹͳΒͳ͍ͨΊʹɺΠϯλʔϑΣʔεʹґଘͯ͠΋Β͏ • มߋ༰қੑ / Մಡੑ্͕͕Δ • νʔϜ։ൃ͕΍Γ΍͘͢ͳΔ • ܨ͗͜ΈͷࡍʹɺΠϯλʔϑΣʔε͚ͩΛҙࣝ͢Ε͹ྑ͍ • ࠓޙɺ͞Βʹ௥Ճ͞ΕΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δͳͱ͍͏࣌ʹ࢖͏ͱྑ͍ • ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͷߟ͑ํΛ׆༻Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔͱάοͱϨϕϧ্͕͕Δ

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ͦͷଞͷٕज़ • Θ͔Γ΍໋໊͍͢Λ৺͕͚Δ • ϚδοΫφϯόʔΛආ͚Δ • ద੾ʹίϝϯτΛೖΕΔ • কདྷඞཁʹͳΔ͔΋ɻɻɻͱ͍͏ίʔυ͸ೖΕͳ͍ɺඞཁʹͳͬͨΒ࣮૷͢Δ • YAGNIݪଇ • ඞཁແ͘ͳͬͨίʔυ͸͙͢ʹফ͢ • ίʔυ͕ॏෳ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍͔Λ֬ೝ͢Δ • DRYݪଇ

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2. ϨΠϠʔυΞʔΩςΫνϟͷ঺հ

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ϨΠϠʔυΞʔΩςΫνϟͱ͸ ֤૚Ͱ੹຿Λ෼ׂɾӅṭ͢Δ ϨΠϠʔ ໾ׂ ۩ମྫ Presentation ϢʔβʔΠϯλʔϑΣʔε HTTP ϦΫΤετͷॲཧ REST/GraphQL Webϖʔδ Application Ϣʔεέʔεͷ࣮૷ υϝΠϯɾΠϯϑϥΛར༻ͨ͠ॲཧϑϩʔ Usecase૚ Domain ϏδωεϩδοΫ γεςϜͷ֩ͱͳΔ෦෼ UserΫϥε ProductΫϥε Infrustructure σʔλϕʔεΞΫηε ֎෦APIݺͼग़͠ Repository૚ Infrustructure૚

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୅දతͳϨΠϠʔυΞʔΩςΫνϟ • ΫϦʔϯΞʔΩςΫνϟ • ΦχΦϯΞʔΩςΫνϟ • ϔΩαΰφϧΞʔΩςΫνϟ • ໊લ͕ҧ͏͚ͩͰ໨త͸ಉ͡ • ؔ৺ͷ෼཭ • ςετ͠΍͘͢ • υϝΠϯΛத৺ʹ • MVC (Model - View - Controller)

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ॲཧͷྲྀΕ 1. Controller૚͕HTTPϦΫΤετΛड͚औͬͯద੾ʹॲཧ͢Δ 2. Usecase૚ʹड͚औͬͨσʔλΛҾ͖౉͢ 3. Usecase૚ͰॲཧͷྲྀΕΛهड़͢Δ 1. Usecase૚ͰDomainϞσϧʹม׵͢Δ 2. ඞཁ͕͋Ε͹Repository૚Λར༻ͯ͠σʔλΛऔಘ͢Δ 4. Controller૚ͰHTTPϨεϙϯεܕʹม׵ͯ͠ฦ͢

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3. ࣮ફྫ

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ϨΠϠʔυΞʔΩςΫνϟͷ࣮ફྫ ؆୯ͳUserͷCRUDૢ࡞Λ͢ΔAPI Userͷऔಘͱొ࿥ͷΈΛѻ͏

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DTOͷܕఆٛ

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Controller૚ͷॲཧ

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Usecase૚ͷॲཧ

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Domain૚ͷॲཧ

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Repository૚ͷॲཧ

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(༨ஊ) ࣮૷ྫ https://clouddirect.jp.fujitsu.com/service/navi-words-osi_reference_model

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(༨ஊ) ࣮૷ྫ • τϥϯεϙʔτ૚ • TCP / UDPͱ͍ͬͨϓϩτίϧΛѻ͏૚ • ओʹɺ௨৴ͷ৴པੑΛ޲্ɾ୲อ͢ΔͨΊͷ૚ • ωοτϫʔΫٕज़ͷҧ͍Λٵऩͯ͠ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ૚ʹωοτϫʔΫͷ ੾ΓޱΛݟͤͯ͋͛Δ • جຊతͳελϯεͱͯ͠͸ωοτϫʔΫΛ৴པ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ • ͦͷͨΊʹɺ࠶ૹॲཧ౳Λߦ͏

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4. ίʔυ඼࣭ͱτϨʔυΦϑ

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Α͠ɺ৽͍͠ ϓϩδΣΫτΛ্ཱͪ͛Δͧ💨

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ͱΓ͋͑ͣ ϨΠϠʔυΞʔΩςΫνϟͰ࣮૷͢Δͧ💪

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ϞϊγϦοΫͳίʔυ͸શͯѱͩ👿

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🙅

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ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷબఆ ΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸͞·͟·ͳཁૉΛؑΈͯҙࢥܾఆΛߦ͏ https://speakerdeck.com/snoozer05/software-architecture-and-decision-making?slide=45

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ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷҙࢥܾఆ ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷબఆ͸͞·͟·ͳཁૉΛؑΈܾͯఆ͢Δ • Ϗδωε • ͍ͭ·ͰʹϦϦʔε͍͔ͨ͠ • αʔϏεͷٻΊΔύϑΥʔϚϯεɾηΩϡϦςΟཁ݅ • ૊৫ • ͲΜͳεΩϧηοτͷਓ͕͍ͯɺͲΕ͘Β͍ͷਓ਺Ͱ։ൃ͢Δ͔ • ٕज़ • ͲΜͳݴޠɾϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ༻͍ͯ։ൃΛߦ͏͔

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ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷҙࢥܾఆ ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷબఆ͸͞·͟·ͳཁૉΛؑΈܾͯఆ͢Δ • ΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸͋͘·Ͱखஈ • ໨తʹ߹Θͤͯద੾ͳબఆΛߦ͏͜ͱ͕ॏཁ • ͦΕͧΕͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͷϝϦοτɾσϝϦοτΛద੾ʹཧղͯ͠ɺҙࢥܾ ఆΛߦ͏͜ͱ͕େ੾ • ͍͘Βίʔυ͕៉ྷͰɺςετͷΧόϨοδ͕ߴͯ͘΋ϢʔβʔʹՁ஋ఏڙͰ ͖ͳ͚Ε͹ҙຯ͕ͳ͍

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ٕज़తෛ࠴ͱͷ޲͖߹͍ํ ٕज़తෛ࠴ʹѱͰ͸ͳ͍ • Ϗδωε΍ϓϩδΣΫτਪਐ͢ΔͨΊͷٕज़తෛ࠴ͳΒ🙆 • Ϗδωε͕੒ޭ͢Ε͹ͦ͜ͰಘͨࢿۚͰෛ࠴Λฦ͍͚ͯ͠͹ྑ͍ • ԾʹϨΨγʔͳίʔυ΍ɺՁ஋؍ͷ߹Θͳ͍ίʔυͱग़ձͬͯ΋࣮૷ͨ͠ਓ ΁ͷϦεϖΫτΛ๨Εͳ͍ • Some Respect For Legacy Code

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5. ·ͱΊ

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·ͱΊ • AI࣌୅ͦ͜ɺιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟͷઃܭྗ͕ॏཁ • ྑ͍ίʔυΛॻ͘͜ͱͰอकੑΛ্͛Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ • ྑ͍ίʔυΛॻٕ͘ज़Λద੾ʹ࢖͍ͬͯ͘͜ͱ͕ॏཁ • ༷ʑͳιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ • ͦΕͧΕͷੑ࣭ʹ߹Θͤͯద੾ʹબ୒ɾ׆༻͢Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁ • ίʔυ඼࣭ͱͦͷτϨʔυΦϑ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͜ͱΛཧղͯ͠ӡ༻͍ͯ͘͠ඞཁ͕ ͋Δ

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ࢀߟจݙ • ॻ੶ • ྑ͍ίʔυ/ѱ͍ίʔυͰֶͿઃܭೖ໳ • Good Code, Bad Code • ೴ʹऩ·Δίʔυͷॻ͖ํ • ΢Σϒϖʔδ • ͜Ε͔ΒֶͿਓͷͨΊͷιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟೖ໳ • Software Architecture in an AI-Driven World • ιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟݚमʲMIXI 25৽ଔٕज़ݚमʳ

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