最適な設計でアプリを作る

by Tatsuya Tanaka

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࠷దͳઃܭͰ ΞϓϦΛ࡞Δ ాத ୡ໵ (@tattn)

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• Yahoo!৐׵Ҋ಺ • iOSΞϓϦΤϯδχΞ • 2016೥৽ଔ • Github: @tattn • Qiita: @tattn • Twitter: @tanakasan2525 ాத ୡ໵

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try! Swift ʹࢀՃ͠·͔ͨ͠ʁ

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try! Swift ʹߦ͖ͬͯ·ͨ͠ Yahoo! JAPAN Tech Blog https://techblog.yahoo.co.jp/ try! Swift Tokyo 2017 ʹڠࢍ͠·ͨ͠ https://techblog.yahoo.co.jp/ios/try_swift_2017/ try! Swift Tokyo 2017 ͷϋοΧιϯʹࢀՃ͠·ͨ͠ https://techblog.yahoo.co.jp/ios/try_swift_2017_hack/

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࣭໰

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࣭໰ օ͞Μ͸ͲͷΑ͏ͳΞʔΩςΫνϟͰ  ΞϓϦΛ࡞͍ͬͯ·͔͢ʁ • MVC • MVP • MVVM • Flux • VIPER • Clean Architecture

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࣭໰ ͲͷΑ͏ͳج४Ͱ  ͦͷΞʔΩςΫνϟΛબͼ·͔ͨ͠ʁ

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΋͠΋ɺͦͷΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ • ࿩୊ʹͳ͔ͬͯͨΒ • ͳΜ͔ੌͦ͏͔ͩΒ ͷΑ͏ͳཧ༝ͰબΜͰ͍Δ/બ΅͏ͱ͍ͯ͠Δ৔߹͸    ͥͻվΊͯߟ͑ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ (ᐆດͳཧ༝)

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try! Swift 2017 - 1೔໨

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σʔλϨΠϠΛ෼཭͢Δ Minimum  Viable  Architecture https://www.slideshare.net/RandyShoup/minimum-viable- architecture-good-enough-is-good-enough-in-a-startup Minimum Viable Architecture   -- Good Enough is Good Enough in a Startup http://www.kavistechnology.com/blog/minimal-viable-architecture/ “ඞཁ࠷খݶΞʔΩςΫνϟ”

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“What we need is a balance of speed to market and architecture. What we need is a Minimal Viable Architecture (MVA).” — Randy Shoup ࢲ͕ͨͪඞཁͱ͍ͯ͠Δͷ͸ • ࢢ৔౤ೖͷεϐʔυͱΞʔΩςΫνϟͷόϥϯεͩɻ • ඞཁ࠷খݶͷΞʔΩςΫνϟͩɻ ελʔτΞοϓͰͳ͘ͱ΋ಉ͜͡ͱ͕ݴ͑Δ͸ͣ

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ྫ͑͹ɺ  ҋӢʹ Clean Architecture Λಋೖ͢Δ

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protocol FeedRepositoryOutput: class { func receive(feeds: [Feed]) } class FeedRepository: FeedDataStoreOutput { private let dataStore: FeedDataStore weak var output: FeedRepositoryOutput? init(dataStore: FeedDataStore, output: FeedRepositoryOutput?) { … } func getFeeds() { dataStore.getFeeds() } } extension FeedRepository: FeedDataStoreOutput { func receive(feeds: [Feed]) { output?.receive(feeds: feeds) } } Repository patternͷྫ

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΋͠΋Clean ArchitectureΛ  ಋೖ͍ͯ͠ͳ͔ͬͨΒ…

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Clean ArchitectureΛಋೖ͍ͯ͠ͳ͚Ε͹ Swift × I/F = Protocol protocol FeedRepository { var output: FeedRepositoryOutput? { get set } func getFeeds() } extension FeedDataStore: FeedRepository { … } ※ͦ΋ͦ΋͜Μͳ͜ͱ͸͠ͳ͍͸ͣͳͷͰগ͠ແ஡ͳྫͰ͢ɻ

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RepositoryͱDataStore ͜ΕΒΛ෼͚ΔϝϦοτ͕׆͖Δͷ͸ • ௨৴orΩϟογϡ͕͋Δ৚݅Ͱ੾ΓସΘΔ • ৚݅ʹΑͬͯ࢖͏API͕มΘΔ ͳͲͷ࢓༷͕සൟʹଘࡏ͢Δ৔߹ͩͱࢥ͍·͢

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ແҙຯͳίʔυͷྔ࢈ ઌఔͷΑ͏ͳίʔυ͕ྔ࢈͞ΕΔΑ͏ͳΞϓϦʹ͸  ຊ౰ʹ Clean Architecture ͸ඞཁͩͬͨͷͰ͠ΐ͏͔ʁ ෆཁͩͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ

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Ͱ͸Ͳ͏΍ͬͯઃܭΛ  બͿ/ߟ͑Δͷ͔

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·ͣ͸νʔϜͰ࿩͠߹ͬͯΈ·͠ΐ͏

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ͳͥઃܭํ਑ΛऔΓܾΊΔͷ͔ • ࣮૷ํ๏ͷଐਓԽΛ๷͙ • ςελϏϦςΟͷ୲อ • ࢓༷มߋ͠΍͘͢͢Δ • etc… ଞʹ΋৭ʑ͋Δͱࢥ͍·͢

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େࣄʹ͍ͨ͜͠ͱΛܾΊΔ ΞʔΩςΫνϟʹ͸τϨʔυΦϑ͕͋Γ·͢ ͦΕΛຬͨ͢ઃܭΛબͿ େࣄʹ͍ͨ͜͠ͱ (ධՁ࣠) ΛܾΊͯ

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ઃܭ͸ڞ௨ݴޠ ઃܭ͸ ϓϩδΣΫτͷڞ௨ݴޠ (ͪͳΈʹɺClean ArchitectureͷఏএऀͷRobert Martin͸  ઃܭ͸ “Intent (ҙਤ)” ͩͱߟ͍͑ͯΔΑ͏Ͱ͢) ϝϯόʔ͕ೲಘ͢Δઃܭʹ͢Δͷ΋େࣄ https://www.infoq.com/news/2013/07/architecture_intent_frameworks

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ݏ͍ͳݴޠ͸࢖͍ͨ͘ͳ͍Ͱ͢ΑͶ http://stackoverﬂow.com/insights/survey/2016

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࣮ࡍʹ౰ͯ͸Ίͯߟ͑ͯΈΔ ༷ʑͳΞʔΩςΫνϟΛ  ࣗ෼ͨͪͷΞϓϦʹద༻͢ΔͱͲ͏ͳΔͷ͔Λ  ίʔυϨϕϧͰߟ͑ͯΈΔ

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࣮ࡍʹ౰ͯ͸Ίͯߟ͑ͯΈΔ struct MyApp: MVP { … } struct MyApp: Flux { … } struct MyApp: CleanArchitecture { … } struct MyApp: MVVM, VIPER {} ΋͔͢͠Δͱ  ͦͷΞϓϦʹ͸͜Ε͕Ϛον͢Δ͔΋ʁ

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࡞ͬͯΈͳ͖Ό෼͔Μͳ͍ ࣮ࡍʹίʔυΛॻ͍ͯΈͯ  ؾ͕෇͘͜ͱͬͯΑ͋͘Γ·͢ΑͶʁ 1ը໘ͷϞοΫ͚ͩͰ΋  ࣮૷ͯ͠ΈΔͱ  Կ͔ݟ͑ͯ͘Δ͔΋͠Ε·ͤΜ

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ิ଍঺հ ATAM   (Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method) ΞʔΩςΫνϟτϨʔυΦϑ෼ੳ๏ ࣮ફιϑτ΢ΣΞΞʔΩςΫνϟ  Ͱ ঺հ͞Ε͍ͯΔΒ͍͠Ͱ͢