Defensive Sass - Modular styles for the modern web

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Defensive Sass Modular styles for the modern web @johnwlong Function Pink, April 2013

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Help & Feedback http://uservoice.com/touchpoint-toolkit

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TheSassWay Latest news on Sass + Compass @ B

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An Example

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Simple Menu

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1 http://bit.ly/menu-1

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2 http://bit.ly/menu-2

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3 http://bit.ly/menu-3

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Think in terms of objects. Don’t think in terms of selectors. b

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Parent-Child Parent .tableview Child .tableview-item Grandchild .tableview-item-cell

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TableView

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General

http://bit.ly/modular-tableview

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Wi-Fi John's Airport

http://bit.ly/modular-tableview

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Airplane Mode OnOff

http://bit.ly/modular-tableview

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Plural Parent Pattern Parent .faqs Child .faq Grandchild .faq-title

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Parent-Child Used to declare (not enforce) object hierarchy for the DOM. b b b

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Subclassing Object .item Subclass .ticket-item .article-item Child .item-title .ticket-item-title

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Subclassing .item { ... } .ticket-item { @extend .item; }

...

.item { ... } .ticket-item { ... }

...

Standard CSS Extending Two classes One class

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Subclasses Used to declare that one object should inherit the properties of another. b b

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Contextual Object .item Contextual .ticket .item .article .item Child .item .title .ticket .item .title

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Contextual .item { ... } .ticket .item { ... } .ticket .item .title { ... }

...

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Subclassing vs. Contextual .item .item .ticket-item .article-item .ticket .item .article .item .item-title .ticket-item-title .item .title .ticket .item .title

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Subclassing vs. Contextual Better for more modular design Sometimes better for things like themes

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Subclassing vs. Contextual Subclassing is almost always better.

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Modifiers Positive .has-menu Negative .no-border, .no-margin State .is-selected, .is-active Other .primary, .secondary

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Generic Modifiers .is-selected { background: $highlight-color; } .is-hidden { display: none !important; } .float-left { float: left !important; } .float-right { float: right !important; } .mt0 { margin-top: 0 !important; } .ml0 { margin-left: 0 !important; } .ma0 { margin: 0 !important; } .clearfix { @include clearfix; } Important!

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Specific Modifiers .button { &:hover { ... } &.primary { ... } &.secondary { ... } &.small { ... } &.large { ... } &.is-disabled, &[disabled] { ... } } Use nesting & the ampersand operator

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Modifiers Used to change attributes or state on an existing object. b

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Modifiers vs. Subclasses Better for small changes in visual attributes or state Better for major visual changes or for highly speciﬁc layout

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Naming Scheme Object .tableview .ticket .noun Child .tableview-item .ticket-title .noun-noun Subclass .multiselect-tableview .priority-ticket .adjective-noun Modiﬁer .is-selected .scrollable .preﬁx-adjective or .adjective

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Modular Typography

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Modular Typography http://bit.ly/modular-typography

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Modular Typography .h1, .h2, .h3, .h4, .h5, .h6 { ... } .text-left { text-align: left !important; } .text-center { text-align: center !important; } .text-right { text-align: right !important; } .quiet { color: $quiet-color !important; } .loud { color: $loud-color !important; } .ﬁxed { font-family: $ﬁxed-font-family; } http://bit.ly/modular-typography

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Modular Typography .typeset { h1 { @extend .h1; margin: 1em 0 0.5em; } h2 { @extend .h2; margin: 1em 0 0.5em; } h3 { @extend .h3; margin: 1em 0 0.5em; } p, ul, ol, pre { margin: 1em 0; } ul { list-style: disc; ... } pre, code { @extend .ﬁxed; } ... } http://bit.ly/modular-typography

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Modular Typography Scope general typography with a single class name. Use modifiers for one-offs. a

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Reset

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It’s easy @import “compass”; @include global-reset;

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Reset vs. Normalize Zeros out styles on all elements. Normalizes styles across browsers so that all browsers share a similar stylesheet.

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Reset vs. Normalize Reset is better because it allows you to use tags for semantic value instead of style.

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Some surprises

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IDs or tags Don’t style with (classes are better)

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Contextual styles are mostly evil (avoid nesting)

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More markup and less styles (Often much easier to maintain)

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• SMACSS: http://smacss.com • Object Oriented CSS: http://github.com/stubbornella/oocss • Typeset: http://joshuarudd.github.io/typeset.css/ • The Sass Way: http://thesassway.com i See also

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Thanks! http://bit.ly/defensive-sass-april-2013 http://codepen.io/collection/lmkqe