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Web Accessibility:
It doesn’t have to be hard
World Usability Day
Lagos, 2017
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Ire Aderinokun
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Why is
Accessibility Important?
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1. Accessible Site’s are
Great for Everyone
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Who are you building
your site for?
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“Abled” or “Disabled”?
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???
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Temporary and Situational
Disabilities
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Vision
“Abled” Temporarily Disabled
Situationally Disabled “Disabled”
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Hearing
“Abled” Temporarily Disabled
Situationally Disabled “Disabled”
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2. The web, by default,
is Accessible
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http://motherfuckingwebsite.com
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Using a
Open Modal
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What you get for free
• Focusable via the keyboard or screen reader
• Clickable by mouse, enter key and space bar
• Accessible name and state provided to assistive tech
• An interaction is expected when clicked
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Using a
Open Modal
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Extra Work
Open Modal
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More Extra Work
function handleBtnKeyPress(e) {
// Check to see if space or enter were pressed
if ( e.keyCode === 32 || e.keyCode === 13) {
// Open modal dialog
openModal(e);
}
}
Source: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA/ARIA_Techniques/Using_the_button_role
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Even More Extra Work
[role=“button”] {
align-items: flex-start;
text-align: center;
cursor: default;
color: buttontext;
background-color: buttonface;
box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 2px 6px 3px;
border-width: 2px;
border-style: outset;
border-color: buttonface;
border-image: initial;
text-rendering: auto;
letter-spacing: normal;
word-spacing: normal;
text-transform: none;
text-indent: 0px;
text-shadow: none;
display: inline-block;
margin: 0em;
font: 11px system-ui;
-webkit-appearance: button;
}
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– A Wise Person on Twitter
“HTML is, by default, accessible. As developers, it is
our job to not fuck that up.”
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3. The web is for everyone
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http://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/opinion/web-
accessibility-will-now-be-the-law-of-the-land-in-europe/
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– Dita Charanzová
“This is a victory not only for persons with
disabilities, but all of us”
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4. It doesn’t have to be hard
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Open Modal
Open Modal
Accessible vs Inaccessible
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How Do I Get Started
With Accessibility?
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https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20
https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20
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Perceivable
Information and user interface
components must be presentable to
users in ways they can perceive
Operable
User interface components and
navigation must be operable
Understandable
Information and the operation of user
interface must be understandable
Robust
Content must be robust enough
that it can be interpreted reliably
by a wide variety of user agents,
including assistive technologies
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Perceivable
Information and user interface
components must be presentable to
users in ways they can perceive
Operable
User interface components and
navigation must be operable
Understandable
Information and the operation of user
interface must be understandable
Robust
Content must be robust enough
that it can be interpreted reliably
by a wide variety of user agents,
including assistive technologies
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Text Alternatives
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Contrast Ratio
http://leaverou.github.io/contrast-ratio
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Perceivable
Information and user interface
components must be presentable to
users in ways they can perceive
Operable
User interface components and
navigation must be operable
Understandable
Information and the operation of user
interface must be understandable
Robust
Content must be robust enough
that it can be interpreted reliably
by a wide variety of user agents,
including assistive technologies
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Keyboard Accessible
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Perceivable
Information and user interface
components must be presentable to
users in ways they can perceive
Operable
User interface components and
navigation must be operable
Understandable
Information and the operation of user
interface must be understandable
Robust
Content must be robust enough
that it can be interpreted reliably
by a wide variety of user agents,
including assistive technologies
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Specify Language
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Provide Instructions
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Perceivable
Information and user interface
components must be presentable to
users in ways they can perceive
Operable
User interface components and
navigation must be operable
Understandable
Information and the operation of user
interface must be understandable
Robust
Content must be robust enough
that it can be interpreted reliably
by a wide variety of user agents,
including assistive technologies
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Write Valid Code
My Web Page
My Web Page
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Label Elements
Username
X
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Lighthouse
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Chrome Developer Tools > Audits > Perform an Audit
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pa11y
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On-the-Fly
Accessibility Testing
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npm install -g pa11y
pa11y example.com
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Continuous Integration
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npm install -g pa11y-ci
pa11y-ci
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{
"urls": [
“https://bitsofco.de”,
],
"defaults": {
"hideElements": “.sr-only”,
“ignore”: [
“notice”,
“WCAG2AA.Principle1.Guideline1_4.1_4_6_AAA”
],
“actions”: [
“set field #email to [email protected]”,
“click element #subscribe”,
]
}
}
.pa11yci
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{
"urls": [
“https://bitsofco.de”,
],
"defaults": {
"hideElements": “.sr-only”,
“ignore”: [
“notice”,
“WCAG2AA.Principle1.Guideline1_4.1_4_6_AAA”
],
“actions”: [
“set field #email to [email protected]”,
“click element #subscribe”,
]
}
}
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{
"urls": [
“https://bitsofco.de”,
],
"defaults": {
"hideElements": “.sr-only”,
“ignore”: [
“notice”,
“WCAG2AA.Principle1.Guideline1_4.1_4_6_AAA”
],
“actions”: [
“set field #email to [email protected]”,
“click element #subscribe”,
]
}
}
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{
"urls": [
“https://bitsofco.de”,
],
"defaults": {
"hideElements": “.sr-only”,
“ignore”: [
“notice”,
“WCAG2AA.Principle1.Guideline1_4.1_4_6_AAA”
],
“actions”: [
“set field #email to [email protected]”,
“click element #subscribe”,
]
}
}
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{
"urls": [
“https://bitsofco.de”,
],
"defaults": {
"hideElements": “.sr-only”,
“ignore”: [
“notice”,
“WCAG2AA.Principle1.Guideline1_4.1_4_6_AAA”
],
“actions”: [
“set field #email to [email protected]”,
“click element #subscribe”,
]
}
}
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pa11y-ci
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pa11y-ci --threshold 50
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https://bitsofco.de/pa11y
https://github.com/ireade/bitsofcode-pa11y
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Chrome Extensions
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Alix
https://github.com/ireade/alix
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Accessibility Developer Tools
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/
accessibility-developer-t/
fpkknkljclfencbdbgkenhalefipecmb
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Inspect Element > Accessibility Properties
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Inspect Element > Accessibility Properties
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HTML5 Outliner
https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/
html5-outliner/
afoibpobokebhgfnknfndkgemglggomo/
reviews
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No Coffee
https://accessgarage.wordpress.com/
2013/02/09/458/
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User Research
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3VuWAdBq9g
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Test it Yourself!
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Go Keyboard-Only
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Try a Screen Reader
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System Preferences > Accessibility > VoiceOver > “Enable VoiceOver”
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https://www.chromevox.com
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Screen Reader Demo
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How Can I Make
Accessibility Easy?
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Make Accessibility a
First Class Citizen
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Make Accessibility
Everyone’s Job
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http://accessibility.voxmedia.com
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Accessibility is only
hard when you do it
last
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– Leonie Watson
“Accessibility doesn't have to be perfect, it just
needs to be a little bit better than yesterday.”
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Thank You!
@IreAderinokun
www.ireaderinokun.com