Swoole 4: Introducing the New Coroutine Design Pattern in PHP

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4: Introducing the New Coroutine Design Pattern in PHP Demin Yin

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About Me • Staff Engineer and Technical Lead on Glu Mobile’s Design Home team • Playing with PHP since 2000. • Worked for a diverse group of companies in China and US, including eBay, Visa and Glu • Focus on building high performance, secure web services • Born in China, worked in U.S., live in Canada • On twitter: @deminy • On Github: https://github.com/deminy 2

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Agenda • What Is Swoole? • Benchmark Results • Swoole 4: Asynchronous Programming with Coroutines • Top Swoole Use Cases • History of Swoole, and What's New in Swoole 4 • The Future of Swoole • Q & A 3

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What Is Swoole: How Does Swoole Work? 5 under PHP-FPM under Swoole

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6 • Event-driven; asynchronous I/O. • Coroutines, channels, defer, and more. • Connection pool. • Build high performance, concurrent HTTP, WebSocket, TCP, UDP, Unix socket services. What Is Swoole: Enrich PHP with Some Amazing Features

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Agenda 7 • What Is Swoole? • Benchmark Results • Swoole 4: Asynchronous Programming with Coroutines • Top Swoole Use Cases • History of Swoole, and What's New in Swoole 4 • The Future of Swoole • Q & A

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Benchmark Results: Single Query 8 Source: the TechEmpower Framework Benchmarks project best database-access responses per second, single query

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Benchmark Results: Multiple Queries 9 Source: the TechEmpower Framework Benchmarks project responses per second at 20 queries per request, 256 requests concurrently

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Benchmark Results: Fortunes 10 Source: the TechEmpower Framework Benchmarks project best fortunes responses per second

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Benchmark Results: Why Faster? 11 Why is Swoole faster? • Connection pool. • Extra operations when using PDO: • Message sent to MySQL server to deallocate the prepared statement when destroying a PDOStatement object. • Message sent to MySQL server to close the MySQL connection when destroying a PDO object. • ……

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Agenda 12 • What Is Swoole? • Benchmark Results • Swoole 4: Asynchronous Programming with Coroutines • Top Swoole Use Cases • History of Swoole, and What's New in Swoole 4 • The Future of Swoole • Q & A

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Coroutine in Swoole 4: an example 13 under PHP under Swoole 4

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Coroutine in Swoole 4: an example (cont.) 14 under PHP under Swoole 4

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output: 123456 Coroutine in Swoole 4: an example (cont.) 15

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Processes, Threads, and Coroutines 16 Multiprocessing Multithreading Coroutine Creation fork() pthread_create() go() Scheduling expensive cheap extremely cheap Concurrency hundreds thousands hundreds of thousands Programming difficult very difficult easy

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Create a Server Socket in PHP 17 under PHP

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Create a Server Socket in Swoole 4 18 under Swoole 4

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Coroutine: What’s the benefits? 19 • A coroutine can be paused when IO happens, and resumed after IO finishes. • PHP code still executed in sequential manner. • No new processes or threads created. Low costs on “scheduling”. • No locks needed when updating shared resources from different coroutines. • High concurrency. • Easier to use, especially when comparing to asynchronous callbacks.

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Coroutines in For Loop 20

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Nested Coroutines 21

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Nested Coroutines (cont.) 22

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Nested Coroutines (cont.) 23 output: 127983465 output: 123456789

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Blocking I/O in PHP 24 • PHP extension MySQLi, PDO: \Swoole\Coroutine\MySQL • PHP extension Redis: \Swoole\Coroutine\Redis • sleep(), usleep() : … • sockets and streams: … • file_get_contents(), fread(), fwrite() : … • …… • PHP extension SOAP. • PHP extension MongoDB.

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Swoole 4: Channels 25

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Swoole 4: Channels (cont.) 26 SplQueue Channels push() SplQueue>push() Always successful until memory exhausted. chan::push() Blocks if running out of allocated space. pop() SplQueue>pop() Throws an exception when the queue is empty. chan::pop() Blocks if no data available.

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Swoole 4: Channels (cont.) 27

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Swoole 4: defer 28

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Swoole 4: defer (cont.) 29 Golang (pseudocode) PHP (pseudocode)

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Agenda 30 • What Is Swoole? • Benchmark Results • Swoole 4: Asynchronous Programming with Coroutines • Top Swoole Use Cases • History of Swoole, and What's New in Swoole 4 • The Future of Swoole • Q & A

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Top Swoole Use Cases 31 • Crawlers. • HTTP/RPC. • IM, online chat room. • Internet of things. • Gaming servers.

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Agenda 32 • What Is Swoole? • Benchmark Results • Swoole 4: Asynchronous Programming with Coroutines • Top Swoole Use Cases • History of Swoole, and What's New in Swoole 4 • The Future of Swoole • Q & A

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History of Swoole 33 • 2012-07: First Git commit. • 2013-04: Swoole 1 released. • 2016-12: Swoole 2 released. • 2018-06: Swoole 4 released.

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The Future of Swoole (cont.) 34 A dedicated development team for the Swoole ecosystem, with more supports to the open source community: • SDLC process improvements. • Improved documentation. • Lots of refactors. • More components like ZooKeeper, Kafka, Hadoop, HBase, etcd, grpc, AMQP, MQTT, etc.

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Swoole 4.1 35 • 4.1.0: Added stream hook: support asynchronous IO on Redis, PDO, MySQLi. • 4.1.2: Added socket hook: allow building coroutine versions of PHP extensions for MongoDB, ZooKeeper and more.

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Swoole 4.1: Stream Hook 36

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Swoole 4.1: Stream Hook (cont.) 37

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Swoole 4.1: Stream Hook (cont.) 38 ≈

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Agenda 39 • What Is Swoole? • Benchmark Results • Swoole 4: Asynchronous Programming with Coroutines • Top Swoole Use Cases • History of Swoole, and What's New in Swoole 4 • The Future of Swoole • Q & A

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The Future of Swoole 40 • Latest stable release: 4.3.0 • Swoole 5.0 • Coroutines only. • Clean up legacy code.

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The Future of Swoole (cont.) 41 lots of changes in Swoole since 2018 Source: https://github.com/swoole/swoole-src/graphs/contributors

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Resources 42 • Sample code of this talk: https://github.com/deminy/swoole-by-examples • Swoole: https://github.com/swoole/swoole-src • Swoole frameworks: • https://github.com/zendframework/zend-expressive-swoole • https://github.com/easy-swoole/easyswoole • https://github.com/swoft-cloud/swoft/ • https://github.com/swooletw/awesome-swoole

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43 QUESTIONS?

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44 Thanks Demin Yin Email: demin.yin@glu.com Twitter: @deminy GitHub: https://github.com/deminy