Ruby, where are you going?

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Ruby, where are you going? Rubyfuza 2013

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This talk is not about Rack see http://goo.gl/fY5Cw instead

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Konstantin Haase Open Source Developer github.com/rkh @konstantinhaase

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Travis CI, Sinatra Rack, Rubinius, Tilt, ...

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“Second to K&R, the most lagom technical book I’ve read.” Peter Cooper (Ruby Inside) Discount Code: AUTHD 50% off ebook ($6.50) 40% off print

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tiobe.com

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1995 - Yukihiro "Mad Matz" Matsumoto creates Ruby to avert some vaguely unspecified apocalypse that will leave Australia a desert run by mohawked warriors and Tina Turner. The language is later renamed Ruby on Rails by its real inventor, David Heinemeier Hansson.

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·ͭ΋ͱΏ͖ͻΖ

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It’s like Smalltalk. Except it’s not.

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General Purpose

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Fully Object Oriented

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Dynamically Typed

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Strongly Typed

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Mature

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Low Entry Barrier

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Amazing Community

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Konstantin Haase Open Source Developer github.com/rkh @konstantinhaase

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A Language and its Implementation

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Sometimes it’s hard to separate the two

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The Language

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Algol/Ada/ Eiffel like syntax

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“As an Emacs addict, I needed a language mode, auto-indent was a must. So I tried to write experimental ruby-mode.el. Fighting with emacs lisp and regular expression, for almost whole week, I somehow succeeded to implement auto-indentation for a language with ‘end’ delimiters.” “How Emacs changed my Life” Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto

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Smalltalk like object model message sending, late binding

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Emacs Lips like internals C-API, tagged pointers, GC, etc

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What’s new?

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Refinements marked experimental

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Module#prepend

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Keyword Arguments

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The Implementation

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One Language, Many Implementations

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RubyMotion topaz webruby

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Reference Implementation Ruby 1.9, Ruby 2.0

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Full Replacements JRuby, Rubinius

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Niche MagLev, MacRuby, RubyMotion, mRuby

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Dead or Not There Yet™ everything else

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Stability Testing, Peer Review, Continuous Integration

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Performance Virtual Machines, JIT compilation, AOT compilation, Inlining

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Efficiency Memory Profiling, Copy On Write, Shallow Copies

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Tooling Debugger, Heap Dumps, VisualVM, Remote Agents

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Compatibility RubySpec, Ruby Implementers Meeting, ISO/IEC 30170

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Special Features Embedding, Java/.Net/Smalltalk integration, Hackability, Built in Object DB, ...

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Ruby Implementers Meeting

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New Process Proposed Anyone can propose a feature, needs a champion from Ruby Implementers team, needs specification (RubySpec) and documentation, needs consensus

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“I am not that positive about having rigid process. And I want to make sure as long as I live on this mortal state, you need my approval before adding something as official Ruby. I am not going to stop being the dictator, but I want you guys to participate in the process of improving the language.” Ruby Implementors Meeting, December 2012 Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto

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Virtual Machines

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Source Code Parser Parse Tree Interpreter Bytecode Compiler Bytecode Interpreter JIT Machine Code CPU VM

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MRI

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Rubinius

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JRuby

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MRI

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Since 1.9 Virtual Machine

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Internal C API = External C API

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Global Lock

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Conservative Garbage Collector can lead to segfaults and memory leaks :( but now with a bitmap! :)

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2.0 is ABI compatible to 1.9.3

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Tail Call Recursion

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No Machine Code Generation :(

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JRuby

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invokedynamic teaching the JVM how to dispatch Ruby

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C-API deprecated use FFI instead

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No Global Lock

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Ever improving Java integration

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Precise GC

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Rubinius

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A Hacker’s Dream™

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2.0 release soon

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No Global Lock

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Zero Overhead Remote Debugging

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1.9 (and 2.0) compatibility

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Windows support

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Precise GC

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MagLev

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Gemstone Smalltalk VM

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Object DB

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Amazing Tooling

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VM not Open Source

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RubyMotion

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MacRuby on iOS

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Shares some code with MRI

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Not Open Source

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mRuby

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Embeddable Ruby based on MRI

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Developed by Matz

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AOT Compilation

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Can run in your browser

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One More Thing...

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Source Code Parser Parse Tree Interpreter Bytecode Compiler Bytecode Interpreter JIT Machine Code CPU VM

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PyPy is different

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Generates a JIT/AOT from an interpreter

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Partial Evaluation like lisp macros, but without macros

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Evaluate Code with Placeholders

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Once you reach primitives, compile Supported backends: C, CLI (aka .Net), JVM, x86 machine code

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Partial Evaluation includes Dispatch like inlining

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Leave Placeholders if Inference is Impossible

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RPython all placeholders must be inferable can be fully compiled ahead of time

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Compiled Python is faaaaaast

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How does this matter for Ruby?

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RuPyPy

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RuPyPy released yesterday Topaz

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Pluggable GC

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Transparent Object Elimination saves memory, maybe even memory leaks

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Large parts can be written in Ruby cp -r rubinius/lib topaz/lib

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Kernel VM MRI JRuby Rubinius MagLev Topaz C C Java Java Ruby C++ Ruby Smalltalk & C Ruby/Python RPython