なぜ Linux が重要なの？ OS を使いこなす最初の一歩 / Why is Linux important? Your first step to using the OS

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ͳͥ Linux ͕ॏཁͳͷʁ OS Λ࢖͍͜ͳ͢࠷ॳͷҰา 2020/07/08 Tech Talk ͖ͨ͏Β

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ΞδΣϯμ 2 1.Linuxͱ͸ 2.Linuxͷྺ࢙ 3.Linuxͷछྨ 4.·ͱΊ 5.1าͲ͜Ζ͔2,3าਐΉΞΫγϣϯϓϥϯ

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Linuxͱ͸ 3 ҰݴͰදݱ͢ΔͳΒOSSͷOS

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4 Linuxͷྺ࢙

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UNIXͷ஀ੜ 5 1969೥ʹ஀ੜɻΞϝϦΧͷϕϧݚڀॴͰ։ൃ͞Εͨɻ ݩʑ͸Multicsͱ͍͏໊લͰଟ͘ͷػೳΛ ΋ͬͨ΋ͷͱ͍͏ࢥ૝Ͱ։ൃ͞Ε͕ͨɺ ౰࣌ͷίϯϐϡʔλʔੑೳͰ͸͏·͘ಈ͔ͳ͔ͬͨɻ ࣦഊͷ൓লΛੜ͔ͯ͠ɺ Multiͱ͸൓ରͷUniʢ୯Ұʣͱ͍͏ࢥ૝ʹͯ͠ɺ UNIX͕஀ੜͨ͠ɻ

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UNIXͷ༗ঈԽ 6 ։ൃ౰࣌͸ιʔείʔυΛ։͍ࣔͯͨ͠ɻ ͦͷߕ൹΋͋ͬͯɺ ΤϯδχΞؒͰ͸രൃతͳਓؾ͕ͰΔ͜ͱʹͳΓɺ ͍Ζ͍ΖͳछྨͷUNIX͕։ൃ͞ΕΔ͜ͱʹͳ͕ͬͨɺ ·ͱ·Γ͕͔ͭͣɺ UNIXͷ։ൃऀͱͯ͠͸͓΋͠Ζ͘ͳ͍ల։ʹͳͬͨɻ ͦΜͳల։ͷଧ։ࡦͱͯ͠UNIX͸ϥΠηϯεܖ໿ͱ͍͏ํࣜͰ ੍ݶΛ͔͚Δ͜ͱʹͳͬͨɻ

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Linuxͷ஀ੜ 7 ιʔείʔυ͕։ࣔ͞Εɺ੝Γ্͕ΓΛݟ͍ͤͯͨUNIX͕ͩͬͨɺ ϥΠηϯεܖ໿͕ඞཁʹͳͬͨ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɺͩΜͩΜͱ੝Γ্͕Γ΋ਰୀ͍ͯͬͨ͠ɻ ͦΜͳதͰϦʔφεɾτʔύϧζͱ͍͏౰࣌ɺେֶੜͷఱ࠽ϓϩάϥϚʔ͕ɺ UNIXΛਅࣅͯOSΛ࡞ͬͨɻ Linus͕࡞ͬͨUNIXϕʔεͷOSͱͯ͠ɺLinuxͱ໊͚ͮΒΕͨɻ UNIXͷΠϯεύΠΞ͕ͩɺUNIXͰ͸ͳ͍ͷͰɺஶ࡞ݖʹ΋ͻ͔͔ͬΒͳ͍ɻ ͦΜͳLinuxΛϦʔφεɾτʔύϧζ͸OSSͱͯ͠ɺιʔείʔυΛ։ࣔͨ͠ɻ ΤϯδχΞͨͪ͸ɺͨͩར༻͢Δ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ ྗΛ߹ΘͤͯྑΓྑ͍΋ͷʹ͢ΔͨΊʹվྑ͍ͯͬͨ͠ɻ

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Ϧʔφε ɾτʔύϧζ͞Μ 8

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9 Linuxͷछྨ

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RedHatܥ - RHEL(RedHat Enterprise Linux) 10 Linux͚ͩͲ༗ঈͷϥΠηϯε͕ඞཁɻ αϙʔτ͕ͭ͘ɻ ͦͷ໊ͷ௨ΓΤϯλʔϓϥΠζاۀͳͲͰαϙʔτΛ ඞཁͱ͢Δ৔߹ͳͲͰར༻͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ɻ ೔ຊࠃ಺Ͱ͸ߴ͍γΣΞΛތΔɻ

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RedHatܥ - CentOS 11 RHEL͸༗ঈ͚ͩͲLinuxͳͷͰιʔείʔυ͸ ެ։͠ͳ͚Ε͹ͳΒͳ͍ɻ CentOS͸RHELͰެ։͞ΕͨιʔείʔυΛ ΋ͱʹ։ൃ͞ΕͨOSɻ ࢥ૝తʹ΋RHELͷ׬શޓ׵Λ໨ࢦ͍ͯ͠Δɻ RedHatͱ͸ؔ܎ੑͷͳ͍άϧʔϓ͕࡞͍͕ͬͯͨɺ 2014೥ʹRedHat͕CentOSͷ։ൃΛࢧԉ͢Δ͜ͱʹͳͬͨɻ

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Debianܥ - Debian 12 GNU GPLϥΠηϯεΛ΋ͱʹߏ੒͞Ε͍ͯͨ σΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯɻ ίϛϡχςΟͷࢥ૝తʹ҆ఆੑΛॏࢹ͢Δ܏޲ʹ͋Γɺ ϑϦʔζͱݺ͹ΕΔظ͕ؒఆΊΒΕ͍ͯͯɺ ϦϦʔε͸2೥ຖʹߦΘΕΔɻ ެࣜͷDockerΠϝʔδͰΑ͘buster΍stretchͱ͍ͬͨ sufﬁx͕͍ͭͨ΋ͷΛݟ͔͚Δ͕ɺ buster͸Debian 10ɻstretch͸Debian 9ͷ͜ͱΛࢦ͍ͯ͠Δɻ

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Debianܥ -ubuntu 13 DebianΛϕʔεʹ։ൃ͞ΕͨσΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯͰ͋Γɺ ίϛϡχςΟͷࢥ૝తʹ࢖͍΍͢͞Λॏࢹ͢Δ܏޲ʹ͋Γɺ ϦϦʔε଎౓͸Debianͱൺֱ͢Δͱૣ͍ɻ GNU GPLҎ֎ͷιϑτ΢ΣΞ΋࢖͑Δɻ ి࿩ͱϝʔϧ͚͕ͩͩɺ Canonical͕ࣾ༗ঈαϙʔτ΋͍ͯ͠Δɻ

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Alpine Linux 14 musl libc ͱ BusyBox Λϕʔεʹߏ੒͞Εͨ ηΩϡΞͰܰྔͳ Linux σΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯ ܰྔͳDockerΠϝʔδͷ࡞੒Λ͢Δͱ͖ʹॏๅ͢Δɻ

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15 ·ͱΊ

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16 - ϥΠηϯεඅ༻ΛجຊແঈͰར༻͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɻ - ༻్ʹ࠷దԽ͞ΕͨσΟετϦϏϡʔγϣϯΛ બΜͰ࢖͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ - ৘ใݯ͕๛෋

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17 2,3าਐΉΞΫγϣϯϓϥϯ

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18 Linuxඪ४ڭՊॻ https://linuc.org/textbooks/linux/ ͋·Γ࣌ؒΛ͔͚ͣʹɺ ͬ͞ͱ1h͘Β͍ͰύϥύϥͱಡΉ͘Β͍͕ ΦεεϝͰ͢ɻ

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19 DockerͰLinuxΛىಈͯ͠༡Ϳ $ docker run --rm -it alpine /bin/sh $ docker run --rm -it ubuntu /bin/bash $ docker run --rm -it centos /bin/bash $ docker run --rm -it debian /bin/bash ※exitͰൈ͚Ε·͢ɻ

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20 ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛίϯςφԽ͢Δ - exa lsίϚϯυͷ୅ସ https://github.com/ogham/exa - bat catίϚϯυͷ୅ସ https://github.com/sharkdp/bat ͜͜Β΁Μͷπʔϧ܈Λίϯςφ্Ͱ࣮ߦͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ ؤுͬͯΈΔͱ͔Ͳ͏Ͱ͠ΐɻ - fd ﬁndίϚϯυͷ୅ସ https://github.com/sharkdp/fd - procs psίϚϯυͷ୅ସ https://github.com/dalance/procs

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21 ͝ࢀߟ ࢲ΋ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷίϯςφԽͷಓΛ ௨ͬͨͷͰͨ͠ɻָ͍͠Ͱ͢ɻ - ࡞੒ͨ͠ίϯςφΠϝʔδͷ࣮ߦίϚϯυ $ docker run --rm -v $(pwd):/work kitta0108/exa:v0.9.0 - Dockerﬁleͷιʔείʔυ https://github.com/TomoyaKitaura/docker-tools/blob/master/rust/exa/v0.9.0/Dockerﬁle