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@takusemba https://github.com/TakuSemba

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Media Streaming

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Streaming Protocol

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Streaming Protocol

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...

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Adaptive Bitrate

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…

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…

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10s ~

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~ 25s

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( MIN_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE_MS, MAX_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_DECREASE_MS, ... )

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( MIN_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE_MS, MAX_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_DECREASE_MS, ... ) AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( MIN_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE_MS, )

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( MIN_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE_MS, MAX_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_DECREASE_MS, ... ) AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( MAX_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_DECREASE_MS, )

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( MIN_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE_MS, MAX_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_DECREASE_MS, BUFFERED_FRACTION_TO_LIVE_EDGE_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE, ... ) AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( BUFFERED_FRACTION_TO_LIVE_EDGE_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE,

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( MIN_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE_MS, MAX_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_DECREASE_MS, BUFFERED_FRACTION_TO_LIVE_EDGE_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE, ... ) AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( BUFFERED_FRACTION_TO_LIVE_EDGE_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE, Edge Current Position Buffered Position 0.75

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val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context).build()

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps 6Mbps

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Bandwidth Time 10Mbps 6Mbps SlidingWindowMaxWeight

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Time 6Mbps SlidingWindowMaxWeight

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Time SlidingWindowMaxWeight 6Mbps * 0.75 = 4.5Mbps

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Time 6Mbps * 0.75 = 4.5Mbps SlidingWindowMaxWeight BandwidthFraction

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( MIN_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE_MS, MAX_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_DECREASE_MS, BANDWIDTH_FRACTION ... ) val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setSlidingWindowMaxWeight(SLIDING_WINDOW_MAX_WEIGHT) .build()

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( MIN_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE_MS, MAX_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_DECREASE_MS, BANDWIDTH_FRACTION ... ) AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( BANDWIDTH_FRACTION val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setSlidingWindowMaxWeight(SLIDING_WINDOW_MAX_WEIGHT) .build()

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory( MIN_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_INCREASE_MS, MAX_DURATION_FOR_QUALITY_DECREASE_MS, BANDWIDTH_FRACTION ... ) val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setSlidingWindowMaxWeight(SLIDING_WINDOW_MAX_WEIGHT) .build() .setSlidingWindowMaxWeight(SLIDING_WINDOW_MAX_WEIGHT)

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Initial Bitrate

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???

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5.7Mbps Wifi

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5.7Mbps Wifi

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2.2Mbps 3G

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2.2Mbps 3G

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2.0Mbps Wifi

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2.0Mbps Wifi

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5.7Mbps Wifi

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5.7Mbps Wifi

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val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(INITIAL_BITRATE_ESTIMATE) .build()

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val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(INITIAL_BITRATE_ESTIMATE) .build() .setInitialBitrateEstimate(INITIAL_BITRATE_ESTIMATE)

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val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() 180p 360p 720p Session Scope

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Session Scope 720p val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build()

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Session Scope 180p 360p 720p val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() 720p

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Session Scope val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() 180p 360p 720p

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Session Scope val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() 720p

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Session Scope val bandwidthMeter = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() 180p 360p 720p 720p

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fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() } return singletonInstance } Application Scope 180p 360p 720p

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Application Scope 720p fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() } return singletonInstance }

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Application Scope 720p 720p 720p fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p

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Application Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p 720p 720p

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Application Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p Launch App

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Application Scope Launch App fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p 180p 360p 720p

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Application Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() } return singletonInstance } 180p 360p 720p

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Application Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p

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Application Scope Wifi -> 4G fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p 720p

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Application Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p 720p Wifi -> 4G

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Application Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p Wifi -> 4G .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) 720p

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Application Scope Wifi -> 4G 720p 180p 360p fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(LOWEST_RESOLUTION_BITRATE) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p

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Lifetime Scope 180p 360p 720p fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(prefs.getLastEstimatedBitrate()) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance }

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Lifetime Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(prefs.getLastEstimatedBitrate()) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance } .setInitialBitrateEstimate(prefs.getLastEstimatedBitrate()) 180p 360p 720p

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Lifetime Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(prefs.getLastEstimatedBitrate()) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance } .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) 180p 360p 720p

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Lifetime Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(prefs.getLastEstimatedBitrate()) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance } 180p 360p 720p

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Lifetime Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(prefs.getLastEstimatedBitrate()) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p

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720p 720p 720p Lifetime Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(prefs.getLastEstimatedBitrate()) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p

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Lifetime Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(prefs.getLastEstimatedBitrate()) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p 720p 720p

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Lifetime Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(prefs.getLastEstimatedBitrate()) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p Launch App

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Launch App Lifetime Scope fun getSingletonBandwidthMeter(context: Context): DefaultBandwidthMeter { if (singletonInstance == null) { singletonInstance = DefaultBandwidthMeter.Builder(context) .setInitialBitrateEstimate(prefs.getLastEstimatedBitrate()) .setResetOnNetworkTypeChange(true) .build() } return singletonInstance } 720p 720p 720p 720p

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Limit Bitrate

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory(...) val parameter = DefaultTrackSelector.ParametersBuilder(context) .setMaxVideoBitrate(MAX_VIDEO_BITRARE) .build() val trackSelector = DefaultTrackSelector(parameter, trackSelectionFactory)

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory(...) val parameter = DefaultTrackSelector.ParametersBuilder(context) .setMaxVideoBitrate(MAX_VIDEO_BITRARE) .build() val trackSelector = DefaultTrackSelector(parameter, trackSelectionFactory) .setMaxVideoBitrate(MAX_VIDEO_BITRARE)

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory(...) val parameter = DefaultTrackSelector.ParametersBuilder(context) .setMaxVideoSize(640, 360) .build() val trackSelector = DefaultTrackSelector(parameter, trackSelectionFactory)

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val trackSelectionFactory = AdaptiveTrackSelection.Factory(...) val parameter = DefaultTrackSelector.ParametersBuilder(context) .setMaxVideoSize(640, 360) .build() val trackSelector = DefaultTrackSelector(parameter, trackSelectionFactory) .setMaxVideoSize(640, 360)

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val newParameter = DefaultTrackSelector.ParametersBuilder(context) .setMaxVideoBitrate(NEW_MAX_VIDEO_BITRARE) .build() trackSelector.parameters = newParameter

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val newParameter = DefaultTrackSelector.ParametersBuilder(context) .setMaxVideoBitrate(NEW_MAX_VIDEO_BITRARE) .build() trackSelector.parameters = newParameter trackSelector.parameters = newParameter

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class LimitTrackSelection(...) : AdaptiveTrackSelection(...) { private var maxVideoBitrate = Int.MAX_VALUE fun setMaxVideoBitrate(maxVideoBitrate: Int) { this.maxVideoBitrate = maxVideoBitrate } override fun canSelectFormat( format: Format, trackBitrate: Int, playbackSpeed: Float, effectiveBitrate: Long ): Boolean { return trackBitrate <= maxVideoBitrate && super.canSelectFormat(...) } }

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class LimitTrackSelection(...) : AdaptiveTrackSelection(...) { private var maxVideoBitrate = Int.MAX_VALUE fun setMaxVideoBitrate(maxVideoBitrate: Int) { this.maxVideoBitrate = maxVideoBitrate } override fun canSelectFormat( format: Format, trackBitrate: Int, playbackSpeed: Float, effectiveBitrate: Long ): Boolean { return trackBitrate <= maxVideoBitrate && super.canSelectFormat(...) } } AdaptiveTrackSelection(...) { override fun canSelectFormat( format: Format, trackBitrate: Int, playbackSpeed: Float, effectiveBitrate: Long ): Boolean }

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class LimitTrackSelection(...) : AdaptiveTrackSelection(...) { private var maxVideoBitrate = Int.MAX_VALUE fun setMaxVideoBitrate(maxVideoBitrate: Int) { this.maxVideoBitrate = maxVideoBitrate } override fun canSelectFormat( format: Format, trackBitrate: Int, playbackSpeed: Float, effectiveBitrate: Long ): Boolean { return trackBitrate <= maxVideoBitrate && super.canSelectFormat(...) } } private var maxVideoBitrate = Int.MAX_VALUE fun setMaxVideoBitrate(maxVideoBitrate: Int) { this.maxVideoBitrate = maxVideoBitrate } override fun canSelectFormat( { return trackBitrate <= maxVideoBitrate } }

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class LimitTrackSelection(...) : AdaptiveTrackSelection(...) { private var maxVideoBitrate = Int.MAX_VALUE fun setMaxVideoBitrate(maxVideoBitrate: Int) { this.maxVideoBitrate = maxVideoBitrate } override fun canSelectFormat( format: Format, trackBitrate: Int, playbackSpeed: Float, effectiveBitrate: Long ): Boolean { return trackBitrate <= maxVideoBitrate && super.canSelectFormat(...) } } https://github.com/google/ExoPlayer/issues/2250

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Chunkless Preparation

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m3u8 Playlist

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ts First Chunk Playlist

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First Chunk Playlist Prepare Decoder

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First Chunk Playlist Prepare Decoder Start Decodeing

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#EXTM3U #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=200000,CODECS="mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d4015" index1.m3u8 #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=600000,CODECS=“mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d401e" index2.m3u8 …

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#EXTM3U #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=200000,CODECS="mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d4015" index1.m3u8 #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=600000,CODECS=“mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d401e" index2.m3u8 … CODECS="mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d4015" CODECS=“mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d401e"

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#EXTM3U #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=200000,CODECS="mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d4015" index1.m3u8 #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=600000,CODECS=“mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d401e" index2.m3u8 … CODECS="mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d4015" CODECS=“mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d401e" val hlsMediaSource = HlsMediaSource.Factory(dataSourceFactory) .setAllowChunklessPreparation(true) .createMediaSource(uri)

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#EXTM3U #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=200000,CODECS="mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d4015" index1.m3u8 #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=600000,CODECS=“mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d401e" index2.m3u8 … CODECS="mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d4015" CODECS=“mp4a.40.2, avc1.4d401e" val hlsMediaSource = HlsMediaSource.Factory(dataSourceFactory) .setAllowChunklessPreparation(true) .createMediaSource(uri) .setAllowChunklessPreparation(true)

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m3u8 Playlist

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ts First Chunk Playlist Prepare Decoder

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First Chunk Playlist Prepare Decoder Start Decodeing

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Reuse Decoder

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Renderer

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Disabled Enabled Started

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Disabled Enabled Started No Streams No Decoders Have Streams Might Have Decoders Decoding

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Disabled Enabled Started No Streams No Decoders Have Streams Might Have Decoders Decoding Prepare Player

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Disabled Enabled Started ~ v2.10.0 No Streams No Decoders Have Streams Might Have Decoders Decoding Prepare Player

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Disabled Enabled Started ~ v2.10.0 No Streams No Decoders Have Streams Might Have Decoders Decoding Prepare Player

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Disabled Enabled Started ~ v2.10.0

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Disabled Enabled Started ~ v2.10.0 v2.10.0 ~ Disabled Enabled Started

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v2.10.0 ~ Disabled Enabled Started

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v2.10.0 ~ Disabled Enabled Started

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v2.10.0 ~ Disabled Enabled Started Prepare Decoder Content A Content B Content C

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Tunneled Video Playback

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Media Source Renderer (Video) Renderer (Audio) Media Codec (Video) Media Codec (Audio) Audio Track Surface A/V Sync

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Media Source Renderer (Video) Renderer (Audio) Media Codec (Video) Media Codec (Audio) Audio Track Surface A/V Sync

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Media Source Renderer (Video) Renderer (Audio) Media Codec (Video) Media Codec (Audio) Audio Track Surface A/V Sync

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Media Source Renderer (Video) Renderer (Audio) Media Codec (Video) Media Codec (Audio) Audio Track Surface A/V Sync

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Media Source Renderer (Video) Renderer (Audio) Media Codec (Video) Media Codec (Audio) Audio Track Surface A/V Sync

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Media Source Renderer (Video) Renderer (Audio) Media Codec (Video) Media Codec (Audio) Audio Track Surface A/V Sync

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val parameter = DefaultTrackSelector.ParametersBuilder() .setTunnelingAudioSessionId(C.generateAudioSessionIdV21(this)) .build()

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val parameter = DefaultTrackSelector.ParametersBuilder() .setTunnelingAudioSessionId(C.generateAudioSessionIdV21(this)) .build() .setTunnelingAudioSessionId(C.generateAudioSessionIdV21(this))

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Systrace

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thread(name = "example-thread") { Trace.beginSection("do something") // do something Trace.endSection() }

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thread(name = "example-thread") { Trace.beginSection("do something") // do something Trace.endSection() } python systrace.py --app package-name --time=10 -o ~/Downloads/example.html

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python systrace.py --app "com.google.android.exoplayer2.demo" --time=10 -o ~/Downloads/trace.html

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Load Master Playlist

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Load Media Playlist

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Load First Chunk

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Prepare Decoder

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Initialize Video Decoder

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Initialize Audio Decoder

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Render Video Output Buffer

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Traditional Preparation Chunkless Preparation

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Traditional Preparation Chunkless Preparation

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Video Decoder Audio Decoder Decoder Initialization (150ms)

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~ v2.10.0 (reuse decoder) v2.10.0 ~ (create recoders)

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~ v2.10.0 (reuse decoder) v2.10.0 ~ (create recoders)

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with tunneling without tunneling

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Reference https://medium.com/google-exoplayer/faster-hls-preparation-f6611aa15ea6 https://medium.com/google-exoplayer/tunneled-video-playback-in-exoplayer-84f084a8094d https://medium.com/google-exoplayer/improved-decoder-reuse-in-exoplayer-ef4c6d99591d https://exoplayer.dev