ALSA YM2413ドライバ

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ALSA YM2413υϥΠό NAOMASA MATSUBAYASHI

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@fadis_ Twitter Github Speakerdeck https://speakerdeck.com/fadis https://github.com/Fadis/ NAOMASA MATSUBAYASHI ීஈ͸େࡕͰήʔϜ࡞ͬͯ·͢

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ALSA

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Advanced Linux Sound Architecture

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#include ! #include ! #include ! #include ! int main() {! snd_pcm_t *pcm = nullptr;! if(snd_pcm_open(&pcm,"default",SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,0)<0)return -1;! if(snd_pcm_set_params(pcm,SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16,! SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED,1,44100,1,1)<0)return -1;! std::array< int16_t, 1024 > buf;! int pos = 0, ret;! while(1) {! for(int16_t &elem:buf)elem=sin(double(pos++)*440.*M_PI/44100.)*32767;! if((ret=snd_pcm_writei(pcm,(const void*)buf.data(),buf.size()))<0)! if(snd_pcm_recover(pcm,ret,0)<0)return -1;! }! } Linux؀ڥͰPCMΦʔσΟΦΛ ࠶ੜ͢Δͷʹ࢖͏ https://github.com/Fadis/kernelvm_20150815_samples/blob/master/pcm.cpp

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#include ! #include ! #include ! #include ! int main() {! snd_pcm_t *pcm = nullptr;! if(snd_pcm_open(&pcm,"default",SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,0)<0)return -1;! if(snd_pcm_set_params(pcm,SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16,! SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED,1,44100,1,1)<0)return -1;! std::array< int16_t, 1024 > buf;! int pos = 0, ret;! while(1) {! for(int16_t &elem:buf)elem=sin(double(pos++)*440.*M_PI/44100.)*32767;! if((ret=snd_pcm_writei(pcm,(const void*)buf.data(),buf.size()))<0)! if(snd_pcm_recover(pcm,ret,0)<0)return -1;! }! } σόΠεΛopenͯ͠ ϑΥʔϚοτΛࢦఆ https://github.com/Fadis/kernelvm_20150815_samples/blob/master/pcm.cpp

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#include ! #include ! #include ! #include ! int main() {! snd_pcm_t *pcm = nullptr;! if(snd_pcm_open(&pcm,"default",SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK,0)<0)return -1;! if(snd_pcm_set_params(pcm,SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16,! SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED,1,44100,1,1)<0)return -1;! std::array< int16_t, 1024 > buf;! int pos = 0, ret;! while(1) {! for(int16_t &elem:buf)elem=sin(double(pos++)*440.*M_PI/44100.)*32767;! if((ret=snd_pcm_writei(pcm,(const void*)buf.data(),buf.size()))<0)! if(snd_pcm_recover(pcm,ret,0)<0)return -1;! }! } PCMσʔλΛwrite https://github.com/Fadis/kernelvm_20150815_samples/blob/master/pcm.cpp

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ͦΕ͚ͩ?

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Control PCM Raw MIDI VirMIDI Seq.MIDI Sequencer Timer Control API PCM API RawMIDI API Sequencer API Control Apps Mixer Apps PCM Apps MIDI Apps Sequencer User client ग़య: http://www.alsa-project.org/~tiwai/lk2k/lk2k.html Χʔωϧ Ϣʔβۭؒ

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CPU γϯηαΠβʔ ♪ ♪ ⽃ γϯηαΠβʔʹίϚϯυΛૹͬͯ MIDI౳Λԋ૗͢Δ ָේ ೾ܗ

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RawMIDI API ΧʔωϧʹMIDIϝοηʔδΛͦͷ··ૹΔ σόΠευϥΠό͸MIDIϝοηʔδΛͦͷ··ड͚औΔ $ printf '\x90\x3c\x7f' >/dev/snd/midiC0D0 σόΠεϑΝΠϧʹ௚઀ MIDIϝοηʔδΛॻ͖ࠐΉͱ ରԠ͢ΔσόΠε͔ΒԻ͕ग़Δ

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typedef struct snd_seq_event {! snd_seq_event_type_t type; ! unsigned char flags; ! unsigned char tag; ! unsigned char queue; ! snd_seq_timestamp_t time; ! snd_seq_addr_t source; ! snd_seq_addr_t dest; ! union {! snd_seq_ev_note_t note; ! snd_seq_ev_ctrl_t control; ! snd_seq_ev_raw8_t raw8; ! snd_seq_ev_raw32_t raw32; ! snd_seq_ev_ext_t ext; ! snd_seq_ev_queue_control_t queue; ! snd_seq_timestamp_t time; ! snd_seq_addr_t addr; ! snd_seq_connect_t connect; ! snd_seq_result_t result; ! } data; ! } snd_seq_event_t; Sequencer API snd_seq_event ΄΅.*%*ͱಉ͡৘ใΛදݱ ݻఆ௕ λΠϜελϯϓͱ ૹ৴ݩɺૹ৴ઌͷ৘ใ͕ ௥Ճ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

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typedef struct snd_seq_event {! snd_seq_event_type_t type; ! unsigned char flags; ! unsigned char tag; ! unsigned char queue; ! snd_seq_timestamp_t time; ! snd_seq_addr_t source; ! snd_seq_addr_t dest; ! union {! snd_seq_ev_note_t note; ! snd_seq_ev_ctrl_t control; ! snd_seq_ev_raw8_t raw8; ! snd_seq_ev_raw32_t raw32; ! snd_seq_ev_ext_t ext; ! snd_seq_ev_queue_control_t queue; ! snd_seq_timestamp_t time; ! snd_seq_addr_t addr; ! snd_seq_connect_t connect; ! snd_seq_result_t result; ! } data; ! } snd_seq_event_t; Sequencer API Կ͕ى͔ͬͨ͜ 伴൫͕ԡ͞Εͨ ϐον͕มԽͨ͠ ͍ͭى͔ͬͨ͜ Ͳͷ$MJFOU͔Βདྷ͔ͨ Ͳͷ$MJFOUѼʹૹΒΕ͔ͨ ݸʑͷΠϕϯτͷ ৄࡉ͕ೖΔVOJPO ԡ͞Εͨ伴൫͸ͲΕ ָثͷछྨ͸ͲΕ

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Χʔωϧ Ϣʔβۭؒ Sequencer API Sequencer Core Client A Client B ♪ ♪ ⽃ snd_seq_eventΛ౤͛ͨΓड͚औͬͨΓ͢Δ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸clientͱݺ͹ΕΔ ♪ ♪ ⽃ client͔ΒૹΒΕͨsnd_seq_event͸ ΧʔωϧͷSequencer Core͕ εέδϡʔϦϯά͠ɺద੾ͳclientʹ഑ૹ͢Δ

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$ aplaymidi -p 14:0 hoge.mid &! $ aconnect -l! ΫϥΠΞϯτ 0: 'System' [λΠϓ=Χʔωϧ]! 0 'Timer '! 1 'Announce '! ΫϥΠΞϯτ 14: 'Midi Through' [λΠϓ=Χʔωϧ]! 0 'Midi Through Port-0'! ઀ଓݩ: 128:0! ΫϥΠΞϯτ 128: 'aplaymidi' [λΠϓ=Ϣʔβ]! 0 'aplaymidi '! ઀ଓઌ: 14:0 aconnect Sequencer Clientͷ઀ଓͷ ֬ೝͱมߋΛߦ͏ίϚϯυ

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$ aplaymidi -p 14:0 hoge.mid &! $ aconnect -l! ΫϥΠΞϯτ 0: 'System' [λΠϓ=Χʔωϧ]! 0 'Timer '! 1 'Announce '! ΫϥΠΞϯτ 14: 'Midi Through' [λΠϓ=Χʔωϧ]! 0 'Midi Through Port-0'! ઀ଓݩ: 128:0! ΫϥΠΞϯτ 128: 'aplaymidi' [λΠϓ=Ϣʔβ]! 0 'aplaymidi '! ઀ଓઌ: 14:0 aconnect ΫϥΠΞϯτ14:0ͱ ઌఔىಈͨ͠aplaymidi͕઀ଓ͞Ε͍ͯΔ

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static void init_seq(void)! {! int err;! err = snd_seq_open(! &seq, "default", SND_SEQ_OPEN_DUPLEX, 0! );! check_snd("open sequencer", err);! err = snd_seq_set_client_name(seq, "aplaymidi");! check_snd("set client name", err);! client = snd_seq_client_id(seq);! check_snd("get client id", client);! } snd_seq_openͰ Sequencer ClientΛ࡞Δ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNCFBSSXBMTBVUJMTCMPCNBTUFS TFRBQMBZNJEJBQMBZNJEJD

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static void create_source_port(void)! {! snd_seq_port_info_t *pinfo;! int err;! snd_seq_port_info_alloca(&pinfo);! snd_seq_port_info_set_port(pinfo, 0);! snd_seq_port_info_set_port_specified(pinfo, 1);! snd_seq_port_info_set_name(pinfo, "aplaymidi");! snd_seq_port_info_set_capability(pinfo, 0);! snd_seq_port_info_set_type(pinfo,! SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_MIDI_GENERIC |! SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_APPLICATION);! err = snd_seq_create_port(seq, pinfo);! check_snd("create port", err);! } snd_seq_create_portͰ Sequencer ClientʹϙʔτΛ࡞੒͢Δ

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$ aconnect -l! …! ΫϥΠΞϯτ 128: 'hoge' [λΠϓ=Ϣʔβ]! 0 'hoge port 0 '! 1 'hoge port 1 ‘! …! $ aconnect 128:1 14:0 1ͭͷSequencer Clientʹ͸ ෳ਺ͷϙʔτΛઃ͚Δࣄ͕ग़དྷΔ Clientಉ࢜ͷ઀ଓ͸ϙʔτ୯ҐͰߦ͏ ΫϥΠΞϯτͷϙʔτΛ ΫϥΠΞϯτͷϙʔτʹ઀ଓ

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typedef struct snd_seq_event {! snd_seq_event_type_t type; ! unsigned char flags; ! unsigned char tag; ! unsigned char queue; ! snd_seq_timestamp_t time; ! snd_seq_addr_t source; ! snd_seq_addr_t dest; ! union {! snd_seq_ev_note_t note; ! snd_seq_ev_ctrl_t control; ! snd_seq_ev_raw8_t raw8; ! snd_seq_ev_raw32_t raw32; ! snd_seq_ev_ext_t ext; ! snd_seq_ev_queue_control_t queue; ! snd_seq_timestamp_t time; ! snd_seq_addr_t addr; ! snd_seq_connect_t connect; ! snd_seq_result_t result; ! } data; ! } snd_seq_event_t; Ͳͷϙʔτ͔ΒΠϕϯτΛඈ͹͔͢͸ event.source.portͰࢦఆ͢Δ typedef struct snd_seq_addr {! unsigned char client; ! unsigned char port; ! } snd_seq_addr_t; ͜Ε

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static void connect_ports(void)! {! int i, err;! ! for (i = 0; i < port_count; ++i) {! err = snd_seq_connect_to(seq, 0, ports[i].client, ports[i].port);! if (err < 0)! fatal("Cannot connect to port %d:%d - %s",! ports[i].client, ports[i].port, snd_strerror(err));! }! } snd_seq_connect_to Ͱ 2ͭͷϙʔτΛ઀ଓ

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/* this blocks when the output pool has been filled */! err = snd_seq_event_output(seq, &ev);! check_snd("output event", err); ͋ͱ͸snd_seq_event_outputͰ ΠϕϯτΛ౤͛Δ snd_seq_event_t *event;! err = snd_seq_event_input(seq, &event);! if (err < 0)! break; ͋Δ͍͸snd_seq_event_inputͰ ඈΜͰ͖ͨΠϕϯτΛड͚औΔ IUUQTHJUIVCDPNCFBSSXBMTBVUJMTCMPCNBTUFS TFRBTFREVNQBTFREVNQD

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snd_seq_event_t *event;! err = snd_seq_event_input(seq, &event);! if (err < 0)! break; ͋Δ͍͸snd_seq_event_inputͰ ඈΜͰ͖ͨΠϕϯτΛड͚औΔ snd_seq_event_input͸σϑΥϧτͰ͸ Πϕϯτ͕ඈΜͰ͘Δ·ͰϒϩοΫ͢Δ͕ snd_seq_nonblock( seq, 1 ); snd_seq_nonblockͰ non-blockingϞʔυʹ͓ͯ͘͠ͱ Πϕϯτ͕ແ͍࣌͸௚ͪʹEAGAIN͕ฦΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ

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Χʔωϧ Ϣʔβۭؒ Sequencer Core Client A Client B Client C Sequencer Client͸Χʔωϧ಺Ͱ΋ ࡞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ λΠϓ: Ϣʔβ λΠϓ: Ϣʔβ λΠϓ: Χʔωϧ

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Χʔωϧ ۭؒ Sequencer Core Client A Client B Client C σόΠευϥΠό γϯηαΠβʔ σόΠεͷυϥΠό ͱ͔͕࢖͏

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Կނ͔ALSAυϥΠόͷυΩϡϝϯτͰ Ұ੾৮ΕΒΕ͍ͯͳ͍ IUUQXXXBMTBQSPKFDUPSHNBJOJOEFYQIQ "-4"@%SJWFS@%PDVNFOUBUJPO

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SequencerͷΠϕϯτΛड͚औΔͱ printkͰग़ྗ͢ΔclientΛॻ͍ͯΈΑ͏ $ dmesg! …! [ 326.691419] NoteOn: 1 61 63! [ 326.691434] NoteOn: 1 66 63! [ 326.691436] NoteOn: 3 57 65! [ 326.691437] NoteOn: 4 49 78! [ 326.691438] NoteOn: 9 46 90! [ 326.692419] NoteOff: 9 46! [ 326.791411] NoteOff: 3 57! [ 326.791433] NoteOff: 4 49! [ 326.793413] NoteOn: 3 61 65! [ 326.793429] NoteOn: 4 49 78! $

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}! if (!platform_get_drvdata(device_)) {! platform_device_unregister(device_);! device = NULL;! #ifdef MODULE! printk(! KERN_ERR! "Card-printkMIDI soundcard not found or device busy\n”! );! #endif! snd_printkmidi_unregister_all();! return -ENODEV;! }! device = device_;! return 0;! }! ! static void __exit alsa_card_printkmidi_exit(void) {! snd_printkmidi_unregister_all();! }! ! module_init(alsa_card_printkmidi_init);! module_exit(alsa_card_printkmidi_exit);! ! MODULE_AUTHOR("Naomasa Matsubayashi <>");! MODULE_DESCRIPTION("printk Client Driver");! MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); SequencerͷΠϕϯτΛड͚औΔͱ printkͰग़ྗ͢ΔclientΛॻ͍ͯΈΑ͏ ιʔείʔυ͸ͪ͜Β https://github.com/Fadis/kernelvm_20150815_samples/blob/ master/kernel/printkmidi.c

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static int __init alsa_card_printkmidi_init(void) {! int err;! struct platform_device *device_;! err = platform_driver_register(&snd_printkmidi_driver);! if (err < 0) return err;! device_ = platform_device_register_simple(! "snd_printk", 0, NULL, 0! ); ! if (IS_ERR(device_)) {! device = NULL;! #ifdef MODULE! printk(! KERN_ERR! "Card-printkMIDI soundcard not found or device busy\n”! );! #endif! snd_printkmidi_unregister_all();! return -ENODEV;! }! if (!platform_get_drvdata(device_)) {! platform_device_unregister(device_);! device = NULL;! #ifdef MODULE! printk(! KERN_ERR! "Card-printkMIDI soundcard not found or device busy\n”! ιʔείʔυ͸ͪ͜Β https://github.com/Fadis/kernelvm_20150815_samples/blob/ master/kernel/printkmidi.c

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! ! ! ! ! static int __init alsa_card_printkmidi_init(void) {! int err;! struct platform_device *device_;! err = platform_driver_register(&snd_printkmidi_driver);! if (err < 0) return err;! device_ = platform_device_register_simple(! "snd_printk", 0, NULL, 0! ); ! if (IS_ERR(device_)) {! device = NULL;! #ifdef MODULE! printk(! KERN_ERR! "Card-printkMIDI soundcard not found or device busy\n”! );! #endif! snd_printkmidi_unregister_all();! return -ENODEV;! }! if (!platform_get_drvdata(device_)) {! platform_device_unregister(device_);! device = NULL;! platform busʹ৽͍͠σόΠε snd_printk Λ௥Ճ ιʔείʔυ͸ͪ͜Β https://github.com/Fadis/kernelvm_20150815_samples/blob/ master/kernel/printkmidi.c

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static int snd_printkmidi_probe( struct platform_device *devptr ) {! struct snd_card *card;! struct snd_printk *printk_;! struct snd_seq_printk_dev *rdev;! int err;! int client;! card = NULL;! err = snd_card_new(! &devptr->dev, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE,! sizeof(struct snd_printk ), &card! );! if( err < 0 ) {! dev_err( &devptr->dev, "Unable to create snd_card: %d\n", err );! return err;! }! printk_ = card->private_data;! printk_->card = card;! ! /* create client */! client = snd_seq_create_kernel_client( card, 0, "printk" );! if ( client < 0 ) {! snd_card_free( card );! return client;! }! rdev = create_port( client, 0 );! if ( rdev == NULL ) {!

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}! printk_ = card->private_data;! printk_->card = card;! ! /* create client */! client = snd_seq_create_kernel_client( card, 0, "printk" );! if ( client < 0 ) {! snd_card_free( card );! return client;! }! rdev = create_port( client, 0 );! if ( rdev == NULL ) {! snd_seq_delete_kernel_client( client );! snd_card_free( card );! return -ENOMEM;! }! printk_->rdev = rdev;! rdev->card = card;! rdev->chset = snd_midi_channel_alloc_set( 16 );! if ( rdev->chset == NULL ) {! kfree( rdev );! snd_seq_delete_kernel_client( client );! snd_card_free( card );! err = -ENOMEM;! }! rdev->client = client;! snd_seq_create_kernel_client Ͱ Sequencer ClientΛ࡞੒ Client͕ग़དྷͨΒϙʔτΛ࡞੒͢Δ

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static struct snd_seq_printk_dev *create_port( int client, int type ) {! struct snd_seq_port_info pinfo;! struct snd_seq_port_callback pcb;! struct snd_seq_printk_dev *rdev;! if ((rdev = kzalloc(sizeof(*rdev), GFP_KERNEL)) == NULL)! return NULL;! rdev->client = client;! memset(&pinfo, 0, sizeof(pinfo));! pinfo.addr.client = client;! strcpy( pinfo.name, "printk" );! pinfo.capability = SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_READ |! SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_READ;! pinfo.capability |= SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_WRITE |! SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_WRITE;! pinfo.capability |= SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_DUPLEX;! pinfo.type = SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_MIDI_GENERIC! | SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_SOFTWARE! | SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_PORT;! pinfo.midi_channels = 16;! memset(&pcb, 0, sizeof(pcb));! pcb.owner = THIS_MODULE;! pcb.subscribe = printk_subscribe;! pcb.unsubscribe = printk_unsubscribe;! pcb.use = printk_use;! pcb.unuse = printk_unuse;!

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memset(&pinfo, 0, sizeof(pinfo));! pinfo.addr.client = client;! strcpy( pinfo.name, "printk" );! pinfo.capability = SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_READ |! SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_READ;! pinfo.capability |= SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_WRITE |! SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_WRITE;! pinfo.capability |= SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_CAP_DUPLEX;! pinfo.type = SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_MIDI_GENERIC! | SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_SOFTWARE! | SNDRV_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_PORT;! pinfo.midi_channels = 16;! memset(&pcb, 0, sizeof(pcb));! pcb.owner = THIS_MODULE;! pcb.subscribe = printk_subscribe;! pcb.unsubscribe = printk_unsubscribe;! pcb.use = printk_use;! pcb.unuse = printk_unuse;! pcb.event_input = printk_input;! pcb.private_data = rdev;! pinfo.kernel = &pcb;! if ( snd_seq_kernel_client_ctl(! client, SNDRV_SEQ_IOCTL_CREATE_PORT, &pinfo! ) < 0 ) {! kfree(rdev);! return NULL;! ͜ͷϙʔτ͕ͲΜͳػೳΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔ͔ͱ

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dev_err( &devptr->dev, "Unable to create snd_card: %d\n", err );! return err;! }! printk_ = card->private_data;! printk_->card = card;! ! /* create client */! client = snd_seq_create_kernel_client( card, 0, "printk" );! if ( client < 0 ) {! snd_card_free( card );! return client;! }! rdev = create_port( client, 0 );! if ( rdev == NULL ) {! snd_seq_delete_kernel_client( client );! snd_card_free( card );! return -ENOMEM;! }! printk_->rdev = rdev;! rdev->card = card;! rdev->chset = snd_midi_channel_alloc_set( 16 );! if ( rdev->chset == NULL ) {! kfree( rdev );! snd_seq_delete_kernel_client( client );! snd_card_free( card );! err = -ENOMEM;!

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if ( rdev == NULL ) {! snd_seq_delete_kernel_client( client );! snd_card_free( card );! return -ENOMEM;! }! printk_->rdev = rdev;! rdev->card = card;! rdev->chset = snd_midi_channel_alloc_set( 16 );! if ( rdev->chset == NULL ) {! kfree( rdev );! snd_seq_delete_kernel_client( client );! snd_card_free( card );! err = -ENOMEM;! }! rdev->client = client;! rdev->chset->client = client;! rdev->chset->private_data = rdev;! ! strcpy(card->driver, "printk");! strcpy(card->shortname, "printk");! sprintf(card->longname, "printk Card %i", devptr->id + 1);! err = snd_card_register(card);! if (!err) {! platform_set_drvdata(devptr, card);! return 0;! }! MIDIεςʔτΛอ࣋͢Δߏ଄ମΛ࡞੒

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MIDI emulation ϠϚϋͷ'.Իݯ౳͸ঢ়ଶΛຆͲ࣋ͨͣ /05&0/࣌ʹԻ৭ʹؔ͢Δ৘ใΛ ·ͱΊͯϨδελʹॻ͖ࠐΉ "-4"4FRVFODFSͷΠϕϯτ͸ $MJFOU͕ঢ়ଶΛهԱ͍ͯ͠ΔࣄΛ લఏͱͯ͠ɺঢ়ଶͷมԽΛ௨஌ͯ͘͠Δ ͜ΕΒͷσόΠεͷυϥΠόΛॻ͘ҝʹ͸ υϥΠό͕ঢ়ଶΛ͓֮͑ͯ͘ඞཁ͕͋Δ

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MIDI emulation ͜ΕΒͷσόΠεͷυϥΠόΛॻ͘ҝʹ͸ υϥΠό͕ঢ়ଶΛ͓֮͑ͯ͘ඞཁ͕͋Δ .*%*γʔέϯαͷঢ়ଶΛ͓֮͑ͯ͘ߏ଄ମ snd_midi_channel_set struct snd_midi_channel_set {! void *private_data;! int client;! int port;! int max_channels;! struct snd_midi_channel *channels;! unsigned char midi_mode;! unsigned char gs_master_volume;! unsigned char gs_chorus_mode;! unsigned char gs_reverb_mode;! };

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MIDI emulation ֤νϟωϧͷঢ়ଶΛ͓֮͑ͯ͘ߏ଄ମ snd_midi_channel struct snd_midi_channel *channels;! unsigned char midi_mode;! unsigned char gs_master_volume;! unsigned char gs_chorus_mode;! unsigned char gs_reverb_mode;! }; struct snd_midi_channel {! void *private;! int number;! int client;! int port;! unsigned char midi_mode;! unsigned int drum_channel:1, param_type:1;! unsigned char midi_aftertouch;! unsigned char midi_pressure;! unsigned char midi_program;! short midi_pitchbend;! unsigned char control[128];! unsigned char note[128];! short gm_rpn_pitch_bend_range;! short gm_rpn_fine_tuning;! short gm_rpn_coarse_tuning;! }; Իྔ΍ύϯϙοτ ൃԻதͷԻ֊ ϐονϕϯυͷ෯

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MIDI emulation ͜ΕΒͷσόΠεͷυϥΠόΛॻ͘ҝʹ͸ υϥΠό͕ঢ়ଶΛ͓֮͑ͯ͘ඞཁ͕͋Δ .*%*γʔέϯαͷঢ়ଶΛ͓֮͑ͯ͘ߏ଄ମ snd_midi_channel_set snd_seq_midi_emulϞδϡʔϧ͕ ड͚औͬͨΠϕϯτʹج͍ͮͯ ͜ͷߏ଄ମͷ஋Λߋ৽͢Δ࢓૊ΈΛఏڙ

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return client;! }! rdev = create_port( client, 0 );! if ( rdev == NULL ) {! snd_seq_delete_kernel_client( client );! snd_card_free( card );! return -ENOMEM;! }! printk_->rdev = rdev;! rdev->card = card;! rdev->chset = snd_midi_channel_alloc_set( 16 );! if ( rdev->chset == NULL ) {! kfree( rdev );! snd_seq_delete_kernel_client( client );! snd_card_free( card );! err = -ENOMEM;! }! rdev->client = client;! rdev->chset->client = client;! rdev->chset->private_data = rdev;! ! strcpy(card->driver, "printk");! strcpy(card->shortname, "printk");! sprintf(card->longname, "printk Card %i", devptr->id + 1);! err = snd_card_register(card);! if (!err) {! platform_set_drvdata(devptr, card);! TOE@TFR@NJEJ@FNVMͷؔ਺ snd_midi_channel_alloc_set ͸ MIDIγʔέϯαͷঢ়ଶΛอ࣋͢Δߏ଄ମ snd_midi_channel_setΛ࡞੒͢Δ Ҿ਺͸MIDIͷνϟωϧ਺

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}! printk_->rdev = rdev;! rdev->card = card;! rdev->chset = snd_midi_channel_alloc_set( 16 );! if ( rdev->chset == NULL ) {! kfree( rdev );! snd_seq_delete_kernel_client( client );! snd_card_free( card );! err = -ENOMEM;! }! rdev->client = client;! rdev->chset->client = client;! rdev->chset->private_data = rdev;! ! strcpy(card->driver, "printk");! strcpy(card->shortname, "printk");! sprintf(card->longname, "printk Card %i", devptr->id + 1);! err = snd_card_register(card);! if (!err) {! platform_set_drvdata(devptr, card);! return 0;! }! kfree( rdev );! snd_seq_delete_kernel_client( client );! snd_card_free(card);! return err;! α΢ϯυΧʔυΛొ࿥

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! struct snd_midi_op printk_ops = { .note_on = snd_printk_note_on, .note_off = snd_printk_note_off, .key_press = snd_printk_key_press, .note_terminate = snd_printk_terminate_note, .control = snd_printk_control, .nrpn = snd_printk_nrpn, .sysex = snd_printk_sysex, }; static int printk_input( struct snd_seq_event *ev, int direct, void *private_data, int atomic, int hop ) { struct snd_seq_printk_dev *rdev; rdev = private_data; if (!(rdev->flags & SNDRV_PRINTKMIDI_USE)) return 0; snd_midi_process_event( &printk_ops, ev, rdev->chset ); return 0; }

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struct snd_midi_op printk_ops = { .note_on = snd_printk_note_on, .note_off = snd_printk_note_off, .key_press = snd_printk_key_press, .note_terminate = snd_printk_terminate_note, .control = snd_printk_control, .nrpn = snd_printk_nrpn, .sysex = snd_printk_sysex, }; static int printk_input( struct snd_seq_event *ev, int direct, void *private_data, int atomic, int hop ) { struct snd_seq_printk_dev *rdev; rdev = private_data; if (!(rdev->flags & SNDRV_PRINTKMIDI_USE)) return 0; snd_midi_process_event( &printk_ops, ev, rdev->chset ); return 0; } ! • 伴൫Λԡͨ͠ • 伴൫Λ཭ͨ͠ • ΩʔϓϨογϟʔ͕มԽͨ͠ • ࠓ͙͢ԻΛࢭΊΔඞཁ͕͋Δ • ϐον౳͕มԽͨ͠ • NRPNΛड͚औͬͨ • SysExΛड͚औͬͨ ʜ࣌ʹݺͼग़͞ΕΔؔ਺

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void snd_printk_note_on( void *p, int note, int vel, struct snd_midi_channel *chan ) { unsigned long flags; bool send_program_change = false; struct snd_seq_printk_dev *rdev; rdev = p; if( chan->midi_program != rdev->current_program[ chan->number ] ) { rdev->current_program[ chan->number ] = chan->midi_program; send_program_change = true; } if( send_program_change ) printk( "Prog: %d %d\n", chan->number, chan->midi_program ); printk( "NoteOn: %d %d %d\n”, chan->number, note,

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) { unsigned long flags; bool send_program_change = false; struct snd_seq_printk_dev *rdev; rdev = p; if( chan->midi_program != rdev->current_program[ chan->number ] ) { rdev->current_program[ chan->number ] = chan->midi_program; send_program_change = true; } if( send_program_change ) printk( "Prog: %d %d\n", chan->number, chan->midi_program ); printk( "NoteOn: %d %d %d\n”, chan->number, note, vel * chan->gm_volume * chan->gm_expression / 128 / 128 ); } printkͰग़ྗ

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# modprobe snd_printkmidi! # aplaymidi -l! Port Client name Port name! 14:0 Midi Through Midi Through Port-0! 16:0 printk printk ৽͍͠ALSA Sequencer Client printk

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# aplaymidi --port 16:0 hoge.mid ͜ͷSequencer ClientͰద౰ͳSMFϑΝΠϧΛ࠶ੜ $ dmesg! …! [ 326.691419] NoteOn: 1 61 63! [ 326.691434] NoteOn: 1 66 63! [ 326.691436] NoteOn: 3 57 65! [ 326.691437] NoteOn: 4 49 78! [ 326.691438] NoteOn: 9 46 90! [ 326.692419] NoteOff: 9 46! [ 326.791411] NoteOff: 3 57! [ 326.791433] NoteOff: 4 49! [ 326.793413] NoteOn: 3 61 65! [ 326.793429] NoteOn: 4 49 78! $ ΧʔωϧϩάʹΠϕϯτ͕ྲྀΕͯ͘Δ

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printk͡Όͳͯ͘ ࣮ࡍʹσόΠε͔ΒԻΛग़ͯ͠Έ͍ͨ

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ALSA Sequencer͕αϙʔτ͍ͯ͠Δ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞ YAMAHA OPL3 YAMAHA OPL4 E-MU 8000 E-MU 10k1 1992೥ࠒ 1995೥ࠒ 1994೥ࠒ 1998೥ࠒ α΢ϯυΧʔυʹγϯηαΠβʔ͕උΘ͍ͬͯΔͷ͸ ਵ෼ੲͷ࿩ʹͳͬͯ͠·ͬͨ

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ୈճΧʔωϧVMؔ੢ ৐ࢉ໋ྩ͕࢒೦ͳ ARM Cortex-M0+ͷϚΠίϯͰ ιϑτ΢ΣΞFMԻݯΛ࡞ͬͨ࿩

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ϫλγ '.Իݯ νϣοτσΩϧ !ͭ͘͹

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ϫλγ '.Իݯ ϞοτσΩϧ

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IUUQTIUMBCOFU 1+ࢯ Arduinoͷ YM2413 shieldΛ ࡞ͬͨੌ͍ਓ ϫλγ '.Իݯ ϞοτσΩϧ

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ίϨΛ͋͛·͠ΐ͏

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YAMAHA YM2413 FMԻݯ

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α΢ϯυσόΠεͩ ALSAυϥΠόΛॻ͜͏ PJ͞Μ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·͢ YAMAHA YM2413 FMԻݯ

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઀ଓ D0..D7 A0 8bitύϥϨϧ ϚϧνϓϨΫεόε

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Z80A ΞυϨεόε σʔλόε ηΨϚʔΫ*** ೥୅౰࣌ͷ઀ଓྫ

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ͪΐ͏Ͳྑ͍ύϥϨϧόε͕֎·Ͱग़͍ͯͳ͍ ΠϚυΩͷϚΠίϯϘʔυ GPIO/I2C/SPI/PWM/ADC/LCD/etc. UART USB Ethernet Z80A ΞυϨεόε σʔλόε

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GPIOͰ௨৴͠Α͏

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YM2413ͷσʔλγʔτ͸طʹ YAMAHAͷެࣜαΠτ͔Βແ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔ͕ MSX޲͚ʹॻ͔Εͨ৘ใ͕୔ࢁ࢒͍ͬͯΔ http://d4.princess.ne.jp/msx/datas/OPLL/YM2413AP.html YM2413ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϚχϡΞϧ

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A0 CS WE D0..D7 10nsҎ্ 25nsҎ্ nsҎ্ nsҎ্ nsҎ্ nsҎ্ nsҎ্ ஗͘ͱ΋1MHz͘Β͍ͰGPIOΛૢ࡞͍ͨ͠ όΠτʹ͖ͭ0.2µs͘Β͍ͰૹΕΔ

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LinuxΧʔωϧͰ1MHzͰGPIOΛ͍͡Δʹ͸ ࡞ઓ1 udelay( 1 ); ࡞ઓ2 usleep_range( 1 ); ࡞ઓ3 1µsຖʹGPIOͷ஋Λॻ͖׵͑ΔϚΠίϯͱ I2CͰ઀ଓ ஗͘ͱ΋1MHz͘Β͍ͰGPIOΛૢ࡞͍ͨ͠

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SCL SDA "3.ϚΠίϯΛ࢖ͬͯ*$ʹม׵ YM2413ͷIOిѹ͸5V͚ͩͲ 2.7V͋Ε͹HIGHʹͳΔ͔Β IO3.3VͷLPC1114ʹ௚݁

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SCL SDA "3.ϚΠίϯΛ࢖ͬͯ*$ʹม׵ BeagleBoneBlack EXT P8 I2C2_SCL 19 I2C2_SDA 20

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λΠϚʔׂΓࠐΈ main() I2CׂΓࠐΈ ड৴Ωϡʔ ૹ৴Ωϡʔ GPIO I2C ىಈ ίϚϯυΛड৴ όεʹྲྀ͢஋ʹ ม׵ όεͷ஋Λߋ৽

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i2c-devΛ࢖ͬͯ֬ೝ $ modprobe i2c-dev! $ i2cdetect! 00: —-! 20: 20 -- -- $ i2cset -y 2 0x20 0x10! $ i2cset -y 2 0x20 0x60! $ i2cset -y 2 0x20 0x7F i2cdetectͰσόΠεͷଘࡏΛ֬ೝ i2csetͰԻ͕ग़Ε͹੒ޭ

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! ! ! ! ! ! static int snd_ym2413_probe(! struct i2c_client *bus,! const struct i2c_device_id *id_! ) {! struct snd_card *card;! struct snd_ym2413 *ym2413;! struct snd_seq_ym2413_dev *rdev;! int err;! int client;! card = NULL;! err = snd_card_new(! &bus->dev, -1, NULL, THIS_MODULE,! sizeof(struct snd_ym2413 ), &card! );! if( err < 0 ) {! dev_err( &bus->dev, "Unable to create snd_card: %d\n", err );! return err;! }! ym2413 = card->private_data;! ym2413->card = card;! σόΠευϥΠό͸جຊతʹ snd_printkͱಉ͡

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! ! ! ! ! static struct i2c_device_id snd_ym2413_idtable[] = { ! { "ym2413", 0 },! { } ! };! ! static struct i2c_driver snd_ym2413_driver = { ! .driver = { ! .name = "snd_ym2413",! }, ! .probe = snd_ym2413_probe,! .remove = snd_ym2413_remove,! .id_table = snd_ym2413_idtable,! };! ! module_i2c_driver( snd_ym2413_driver );! ! MODULE_AUTHOR("Naomasa Matsubayashi <>");! i2cʹ෺ཧతͳσόΠε͕͋ΔͨΊ platform busͰ͸ͳ͘i2cʹͿΒԼ͛Δ

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rdev->client = client;! rdev->chset->client = client;! rdev->chset->private_data = rdev;! printk("debug2 %lx\n", (unsigned long)rdev->bus );! rdev->work_queue = create_workqueue("ym2413_queue");! INIT_WORK(! (struct work_struct *)rdev, snd_ym2413_worker! );! ! strcpy(card->driver, "ym2413");! strcpy(card->shortname, "ym2413");! sprintf(card->longname, "ym2413 Card %i", card->number);! err = snd_card_register(card);! if (!err) {! bus->dev.platform_data = card;! return 0;! }! kfree( rdev );! snd_seq_delete_kernel_client( client );! snd_card_free(card); work queueΛ࡞੒ Seuqncer ClientͷίʔϧόοΫ͸ ALSA Sequencerͷεέδϡʔϥ͕࢖͏ ׂΓࠐΈͷத͔Βݺ͹ΕΔ ׂΓࠐΈͷதͰׂΓࠐΈΛ࢖͏I2CΛୟ͘ͱ Χʔωϧ͕ࢮΜͰ͠·͏ͷͰ work queueʹI2Cͷૢ࡞Λ౤͛Δ

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static void snd_ym2413_worker( struct work_struct *work ) {! unsigned long flags;! struct snd_seq_ym2413_dev *rdev;! unsigned char buffer[128];! unsigned int buffer_size = 0;! rdev = (struct snd_seq_ym2413_dev*)work;! raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&rdev->bus_lock, flags);! buffer_size = rdev->buffer_head - rdev->buffer;! memcpy( buffer, rdev->buffer, buffer_size );! rdev->buffer_head = rdev->buffer;! raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&rdev->bus_lock, flags);! i2c_master_send( rdev->bus, buffer, buffer_size );! } work queueͷதͰi2cʹॻ͖ࠐΈ

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typedef struct snd_seq_event {! snd_seq_event_type_t type; ! unsigned char flags; ! unsigned char tag; ! unsigned char queue; ! snd_seq_timestamp_t time; ! snd_seq_addr_t source; ! snd_seq_addr_t dest; ! union {! snd_seq_ev_note_t note; ! snd_seq_ev_ctrl_t control; ! snd_seq_ev_raw8_t raw8; ! snd_seq_ev_raw32_t raw32; ! snd_seq_ev_ext_t ext; ! snd_seq_ev_queue_control_t queue; ! snd_seq_timestamp_t time; ! snd_seq_addr_t addr; ! snd_seq_connect_t connect; ! snd_seq_result_t result; ! } data; ! } snd_seq_event_t; ͜ͷΠϕϯτ͕ ૹΒΕͨ࣌ࠁ Πϕϯτ͸࣌ࠁΛݟͯॲཧ͠Α͏

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·ͱΊ ALSA SequencerͰ Իָͷԋ૗ΠϕϯτΛ΍ΓͱΓ ΠϕϯτΛड͚औΔClient͸ ϢʔβۭؒͰ΋ΧʔωϧۭؒͰ΋࡞ΕΔ ΧʔωϧۭؒClient͕ ϋʔυ΢ΣΞΛୟ͍ͯԻ৭Λ૗ͰΔ