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The Solar System and
The Aurora
!
Dr. Robert Simpson
Oxford University
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Peppercorn
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6,300,000,000 : 1
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6,300,000,000 : 1
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Pinhead
Pinhead
Peppercorn
Peppercorn
Walnut
Hazelnut
Peanut
Peanut
6,300,000,000 : 1
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139 m
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71 m
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71 m
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71 m
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Carrington Event
September 1st, 1859
Aurora seen all over the world
Sparks flew from telegraph poles
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Proton Flux
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
Major Solar Flare IntensiXes
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Proton Flux
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
APOLLO 11 12 14 15 16 17
Major Solar Flare IntensiXes
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Proton Flux
1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973
APOLLO 11 12 14 15 16 17
Sickness
Death
Major Solar Flare IntensiXes
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E=mc2
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Sun converts Hydrogen into Helium
!
0.7% of the mass turns into energy
!
4 million tonnes are lost per second
E= mc2
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3.6× 1026 W
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THE SOLAR WIND
Protons and electrons
!
400 km/s (1.5 million km/hr)
!
1.3 × 1036 parXcles/s
!
6.7 × 109 tonnes/hr
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Oxygen
Nitrogen
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Oxygen
Nitrogen
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Oxygen
Oxygen
Oxygen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
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Oxygen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Oxygen
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Oxygen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
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Huge, empty and dominated by the Sun.
If the earth is a peppercorn, Jupiter is a walnut and
the Sun is a beach ball.
It is oben what we cannot see (magneXsm, UV) that
is important in astronomy.
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
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Billions of tonnes of material moving at millions of
miles per hour!
Charged parXcles excite molecules in the
atmosphere to create the colours.
An auroral oval that shrinks and grows with the solar
wind.
THE AURORA
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Today
Tomorrow
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•http://www.gi.alaska.edu/AuroraForecast/
•http://soho.esac.esa.int/data/
•http://polaris.nipr.ac.jp/~acaurora/aurora/Tromso/