UP Lecture 25 - Speaker Deck

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jgs jgs Compilers Lecture 25: Intermediate Code II Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez [email protected]

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 2 jgs jgs GitHub Classroom ▪ Final Project https://classroom.github.com/a/XJmZgSI2 ▪ TheCompiler ▪ Your final project ▪ Include Lexer ▪ Include Parser with error handling ▪ Include Semantic Analysis ▪ Include Code Generation ▪ Bonus: your generated code work with the provided VM

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 3 jgs jgs Grading Midterm Exam(s) 40% 10% + 10% 20% Final Exam (Comprehensive) 40% 10% + 10% + 10% + 10% Programming Assignments (4) 100% A+ 97 A 93 A- 89 B+ 86 B 82 B- 78 C+ 74 C 70 Labs & Homework 20% 20%

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 4 jgs jgs Grading Midterm Exam(s) 40% 10% + 10% 20% Final Exam (Comprehensive) 40% 10% Programming Assignments (4) Labs & Homework 20% 20% 10% + 10% + 10% Labs & Homework [100, 100, 95, 70] = 91.25 => 18.25/20 Exams [70, 89] = 79.5 => 15.9/20 Total Today: 34.15 / 40

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jgs jgs Previously …

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 6 jgs jgs High-Level Languages X,E,G,O,O #e1,I,I,0,7 @ OPR 19, AX STO x, AX LIT 5, AX OPR 21, AX LOD #e1,AX CAL 1, AX OPR 0, AX 5 Virtual Machine (interpreter) // sorce code int x; int foo () { read (x); print (5); } main () { foo (); } Lexer Parser Semantic Analyzer Code Generation 01001010101000010 01010100101010010 10100100000011011 11010010110101111 00010010101010010 10101001010101011 Assembler compilation execution

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 7 jgs jgs Translate Source to Object { int a; int b; int c; int d; if (a != 5) { b = c + d; } print (a); } a,int,global 0 b,int,global 0 c,int,global 0 d,int,global 0 #E1,int,label,9 #P,int,label,1 @ lod , 0 lit 5, 0 opr 14, 0 jmc #e1, false lod c, 0 lod d, 0 opr 2, 0 sto b, 0 lod a, 0 opr 21, 0 opr 1, 0

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 8 jgs jgs A Simple Virtual Machine CPU ALU Register PC Memory program Code sto 0, s sto 0, d sto 0, c sto 0, d lod s, 0 lit “s”, 0 opr 14, 0 jmc #a1, false lod b, 0 Symbol Table

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 9 jgs jgs Operations Number Action 0 Exit program 1 Return 2 ADD: POP A, POP B, PUSH B+A 3 SUBTRACT: POP A, POP B, PUSH B-A 4 MULTIPLY: POP A, POP B, PUSH B*A 5 DIVIDE: POP A, POP B, PUSH B/A 6 MOD: POP A, POP B, PUSH (B mod A) 7 POW: POP A, POP B, PUSH (A to the power B) 8 OR: POP A, POP B, PUSH (B or A) 9 AND: POP A, POP B, PUSH (B and A) 10 NOT: POP A, PUSH (not A) 11 TEST GREATER THAN: POP A, POP B, PUSH (B>A) 12 TEST LESS THAN: POP A, POP B, PUSH (B=A)

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 10 jgs jgs Operations Number Action 14 TEST LESS THAN OR EQUAL: POP A, POP B, PUSH (B<=A) 15 TEST EQUAL: POP A, POP B, PUSH (B=A) 16 TEST NOT EQUAL: POP A, POP B, PUSH (B<>A) 17 18 clear screen 19 read a value from the standard input 20 print a value to the standard output 21 print a value to the standard output and a newline character

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jgs jgs Let’s Review

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 12 jgs jgs Code Generation * 1 2 * 4 5 + 3 > 1 * 2 > 3 + 4 * 5 LIT 1, 0 LIT 2, 0 OPR 4, 0 LIT 3, 0 LIT 4, 0 LIT 5, 0 OPR 4, 0 OPR 2, 0 OPR 11, 0

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 13 jgs jgs Review a, int, global, 0 b, int, global, 0 @ LIT 5, 0 STO a, 0 LIT 9, 0 STO b, 0 LOD a, 0 LOD b, 0 LIT 3, 0 OPR 4, 0 OPR 2, 0 STO a, 0 LOD a, 0 OPR 21,0 LIT "hello", 0 OPR 21,0 OPR 1, 0 OPR 0,0 Virtual Machine (interpreter) { int a; int b; a = 5; b = 9; a = a + b / 3; print (a); print ("hello"); } Lexer Parser Semantic Analyzer Code Generation 8 hello

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 14 jgs jgs Review { int a; int b; boolean foo; a = 10 + 20 + 30 + 40; print (a); foo = 340 > 126; print (foo); a = a / 2; print ("total:" + a); return; } Lexer Parser Semantic Analyzer Code Generation

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 15 jgs jgs Review Virtual Machine (interpreter) 100 true total: 50

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jgs jgs What’s next?

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 17 jgs jgs Your Code Should be

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 18 jgs jgs

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 19 jgs jgs Assignment #4 | Compiler

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 20 jgs jgs Assignment #4 | Compiler Bonus Points

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 21 jgs jgs Assignment #4 | VM Use it to test your compiler. No changes required

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 22 jgs jgs Implementing Intermediate Code Generation

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 23 jgs jgs Review Programming Assignment 4 Level 1 LIT, LOD, STO, OPR

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 24 jgs jgs Code PROGRAM

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 25 jgs jgs Code PROGRAM OPR 0, 0

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 26 jgs jgs Code BODY

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 27 jgs jgs Code BODY

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 28 jgs jgs Code PRINT

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 29 jgs jgs Code PRINT OPR 21, 0

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 30 jgs jgs Code ASSIGNMENT

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 31 jgs jgs Code ASSIGNMENT STO identifier, 0

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 32 jgs jgs Code VARIABLE

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 33 jgs jgs Code VARIABLE identifier,

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 34 jgs jgs Code RETURN

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 35 jgs jgs Code RETURN OPR 1, 0

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 36 jgs jgs Code EXPRESSION

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 37 jgs jgs Parser EXPRESSION if (twice) { OPR 8, 0 }

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 38 jgs jgs Code X

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 39 jgs jgs Parser X if (twice) { OPR 9, 0 }

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 40 jgs jgs Code Y

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 41 jgs jgs Parser Y if (operatorUsed) { OPR 10, 0 }

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 42 jgs jgs Code R

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 43 jgs jgs Parser R if (twice) { OPR , 0 }

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 44 jgs jgs Code E

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 45 jgs jgs Parser E if (twice) { OPR , 0 }

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 46 jgs jgs Code A

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 47 jgs jgs Parser A if (twice) { OPR , 0 }

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 48 jgs jgs Code B

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 49 jgs jgs Parser B if (operatorUsed) { OPR 3, 0 } LIT 0, 0

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 50 jgs jgs Code C

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 51 jgs jgs Assignment 2 | Code C LIT , 0 LOD identifier, 0

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jgs jgs To be continued …

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Dr. Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez | Compilers | 53 jgs jgs Questions

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jgs jgs Compilers Javier Gonzalez-Sanchez, Ph.D. [email protected] Spring 2025 Copyright. These slides can only be used as study material for the Compilers course at Universidad Panamericana. They cannot be distributed or used for another purpose.