Elephants in the Clouds: Mastering PHP on Heroku

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ELEPHANTS IN THE CLOUDS Mastering PHP on Heroku

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David Zuelke

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dz@heroku.com

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@dzuelke

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5 Billion requests/day 4+ Million apps created 150+ add-on partners

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“The Twelve-Factor App”

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“The Twelve-Factor App”

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“The Twelve-Factor App” is a manifesto, a methodology, a condensed collection of experiences.

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Its goals are scalability, maintainability, portability.

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12factor.net

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4/12 MAIN FACTORS, CODE ACCORDINGLY I. Codebase  From one codebase, perform many deploys to staging, prod, ... II. Dependencies  Your application explicitly declares userland and platform deps. III. Conﬁguration  Read from $_ENV: API keys, database credentials, SMTP hosts, ... XI. Logging  file_put_contents("php://stderr", "Yay log");

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II. DEPENDENCIES Applications have explicitly declared dependencies.

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II. DEPENDENCIES Applications have explicitly declared dependencies. $ cat composer.json { "require": { "php": ">=5.3.3", "ext-‐mcrypt": "*", "symfony/symfony": "~2.4.6", "twig/extensions": "~1.0", "symfony/monolog-‐bundle": "~2.4" } } $ cat package.json { "dependencies": { "express": "~4.9.x", "cool-‐ascii-‐faces": "~1.3.x" }, "engines": { "node": "0.10.x" } }

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III. CONFIGURATION Store conﬁg in the environment.

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III. CONFIGURATION Store conﬁg in the environment. Assumption: same code but different conﬁguration per deployment target

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III. CONFIGURATION Store conﬁg in the environment. $transport = Swift_SmtpTransport::newInstance(  getenv('EMAIL_HOST'), getenv('EMAIL_PORT')?:25  )  -‐>setUsername(getenv('EMAIL_USERNAME'))  -‐>setPassword(getenv('EMAIL_PASSWORD'))  ; Assumption: same code but different conﬁguration per deployment target $ heroku config:set EMAIL_HOST=blah.com EMAIL_PORT=827 EMAIL_USERNAME=joecool EMAIL_PASSWORD=itwasadarkandstormynight

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TIME FOR A DEPLOY! It's as easy as pie.

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$ heroku create a-‐php-‐app Creating a-‐php-‐app... done, stack is cedar-‐14 http://a-‐php-‐app.herokuapp.com/ | git@heroku.com:a-‐php-‐app.git $ git push heroku master -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> PHP app detected -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Setting up runtime environment... -‐ PHP 5.5.16 -‐ Apache 2.4.10 -‐ Nginx 1.6.0 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Installing PHP extensions: -‐ opcache (automatic; bundled) -‐ memcached (composer.json; downloaded) -‐ intl (composer.json; bundled) -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Installing dependencies... Composer version 05d991 2014-‐10-‐28 12:36:19 Loading composer repositories with package information Installing dependencies from lock file -‐ Installing monolog/monolog (1.9.1) Loading from cache Generating optimized autoload files -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Discovering process types Procfile declares types -‐> web -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Compressing... done, 57.4MB -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Launching... done, v3 http://a-‐php-‐app.herokuapp.com/ deployed to Heroku

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what happened there?

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V. BUILD, RELEASE, RUN A build step vendors dependencies, prepares assets, etc. A release step creates a package from build and conﬁg. A runtime step executes, without special knowledge.

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V. BUILD, RELEASE, RUN A build step vendors dependencies, prepares assets, etc. A release step creates a package from build and conﬁg. A runtime step executes, without special knowledge.

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LET'S TRY IT!

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PREREQUISITES • Git installed on your system • A Heroku account, created via http://signup.heroku.com/ • The Heroku toolbelt installed from http://toolbelt.heroku.com/ • $ heroku login

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http://start.heroku.com/php & http://devcenter.heroku.com/categories/php

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$ mkdir php-‐heroku $ cd php-‐heroku $ git init Initialized empty Git repository in php-‐heroku/.git/ $ curl -‐sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php $ php composer.phar require silex/silex monolog/monolog ... ./composer.json has been created Loading composer repositories with package information Updating dependencies (including require-‐dev) ... $ echo "/vendor/" > .gitignore $ echo "hi" > index.php $ git add .gitignore composer.* index.php $ git commit -‐m "first rough version" [master (root-‐commit) 82b60dd] first rough version 5 files changed, 498 insertions(+) ... $ heroku create sunshinephp-‐$(whoami) Creating sunshinephp-‐dzuelke... done, stack is cedar-‐14 https://sunshinephp-‐dzuelke.herokuapp.com/ | git@heroku.com:sunshinephp-‐dzuelke.git Git remote heroku added $ git push heroku master

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY Keep dev, stage and prod envs as similar as possible.

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY Keep dev, stage and prod envs as similar as possible. SQLite ≠ MySQL Apache ≠ Nginx File based sessions ≠ Redis based sessions

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY Keep dev, stage and prod envs as similar as possible. SQLite ≠ MySQL Apache ≠ Nginx File based sessions ≠ Redis based sessions

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X. DEV/PROD PARITY Keep dev, stage and prod envs as similar as possible. SQLite ≠ MySQL Apache ≠ Nginx File based sessions ≠ Redis based sessions If apt-‐get or brew don't get the job done on your box: Vagrant is always your friend!

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VI. PROCESSES

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heroku-‐python-‐app $ cat Procfile worker: python worker.py web: gunicorn hello:app

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heroku-‐node-‐app $ cat Procfile worker: node worker.js web: node index.js

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heroku-‐ruby-‐app $ cat Procfile worker: env TERM_CHILD=1 bundle exec rake resque:work web: bundle exec unicorn -‐p $PORT -‐c ./config/unicorn.rb

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heroku-‐java-‐app $ cat Procfile worker: sh worker/target/bin/worker web: java -‐jar target/dependency/jetty-‐runner.jar -‐-‐port $PORT target/*.war

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ cat Procfile worker: php background.php web: php -‐S 0.0.0.0:$PORT

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PHP needs a dedicated web server

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heroku-‐php-‐app $ cat Procfile worker: php background.php web: vendor/bin/heroku-‐php-‐apache2 # or heroku-‐php-‐nginx automatically injected into the app during build

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RUNNING PHP APPS LOCALLY heroku-‐php $ composer require -‐-‐dev heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php ./composer.json has been updated Loading composer repositories with package information Updating dependencies (including require-‐dev) -‐ Installing heroku/heroku-‐buildpack-‐php (v43) Loading from cache Writing lock file Generating autoload files heroku-‐php $ foreman start 14:30:45 web.1 | started with pid 11175 14:30:46 web.1 | Booting on port 5000... 14:30:46 web.1 | Starting php-‐fpm... 14:30:46 web.1 | Starting nginx...

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(or you use your good old VirtualHost setup)

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LET'S IMPROVE OUR APP

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http://silex.sensiolabs.org/doc/intro.html

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$ mkdir web $ git mv index.php web/ $ echo "web: vendor/bin/heroku-‐php-‐nginx web/" > Procfile $ git add Procfile $ git commit -‐m "use a custom document root" [master e87d03e] use a custom document root 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+) create mode 100644 Procfile rename index.php => web/index.php (100%) $ echo 'get("/", function () use ($app) { return "Hello World!"; }); $app-‐>run();' > web/index.php $ git add web/index.php $ git commit -‐m "use Silex" [master fe86acb] use Silex 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-‐) $ git push heroku master

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LOGGING

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http://silex.sensiolabs.org/doc/providers/monolog.html

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$ vi web/index.php # or whatever your editor is $ git diff # edit the file like in this diff: diff -‐-‐git a/web/index.php b/web/index.php index 4272703..02b453d 100644 -‐-‐-‐ a/web/index.php +++ b/web/index.php @@ -‐3,7 +3,12 @@ require_once __DIR__."/../vendor/ autoload.php"; $app = new Silex\Application(); +$app-‐>register(new Silex\Provider\MonologServiceProvider(), array( + "monolog.logfile" => "php://stderr", +)); + $app-‐>get("/", function () use ($app) { + $app["monolog"]-‐>addNotice("The world is not enough!"); return "Hello World!"; }); $ git add web/index.php $ git commit -‐m "log something" [master 72c4ea3] log something 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+) $ git push heroku master

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$ heroku logs -‐-‐tail 2014-‐11-‐06T06:35:07.223192+00:00 app[web.1]: [2014-‐11-‐06 06:35:07] myapp.INFO: Matched route "GET_" (parameters: "_controller": "{}", "_route": "GET_") [] [] 2014-‐11-‐06T06:35:07.223499+00:00 app[web.1]: [2014-‐11-‐06 06:35:07] myapp.INFO: > GET / [] [] 2014-‐11-‐06T06:35:07.224280+00:00 app[web.1]: [2014-‐11-‐06 06:35:07] myapp.NOTICE: The world is not enough! [] [] 2014-‐11-‐06T06:35:07.225503+00:00 app[web.1]: [2014-‐11-‐06 06:35:07] myapp.INFO: < 200 [] [] 2014-‐11-‐06T06:35:07.226102+00:00 app[web.1]: 10.12.50.108 -‐ -‐ [06/Nov/2014:06:35:07 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12 "-‐" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_9_5) AppleWebKit /600.1.17 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/7.1 Safari/537.85.10" 2014-‐11-‐06T06:35:07.230159+00:00 heroku[router]: at=info method=GET path="/" host=blooming-‐spire-‐8023.herokuapp.com request_id=57502c87-‐4b60-‐472e-‐8aa2-‐3e1977f8a086 fwd="199.36.244.11" dyno=web.1 connect=1ms service=18ms status=200 bytes=245

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ADD-ONS

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$ heroku addons:add heroku-‐postgresql

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$ heroku addons:add redistogo

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$ heroku addons:add mongolabs

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$ heroku addons:add memcachier

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$ heroku addons:add foundelasticsearch

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$ heroku addons:add cloudamqp

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$ heroku addons:add papertrail

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$ heroku addons:add newrelic

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http://addons.heroku.com/

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$ heroku addons:add heroku-‐postgresql Adding heroku-‐postgresql on tnphptest... done, v6 (free) Attached as HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_AQUA_URL Use `heroku addons:docs heroku-‐postgresql` to view documentati… $ heroku addons:add heroku-‐postgresql Adding heroku-‐postgresql on tnphptest... done, v7 (free) Attached as HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_AMBER_URL Use `heroku addons:docs heroku-‐postgresql` to view documentati… $ heroku addons:add newrelic Adding newrelic on tnphptest... done, v8 (free) Use `heroku addons:docs newrelic` to view documentation. $ heroku addons:add papertrail Adding papertrail on tnphptest... done, v9 (free) Use `heroku addons:docs papertrail` to view documentation. $ heroku config === tnphptest Config Vars DATABASE_URL: postgres://u:p@host12:5432/db18172 HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_AMBER_URL: postgres://u:p@host42:5198/db24438 HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_AQUA_URL: postgres://u:p@host12:5432/db18172 NEW_RELIC_LICENSE_KEY: c9eecdcf9523862f981e PAPERTRAIL_API_TOKEN: 13Ii1sjmchTboDS24I

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IV. BACKING SERVICES Treat backing services as attached resources.

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SCALING

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SCALING $ heroku ps:scale web=10 Scaling dynos... done, now running web at 10:1X. $ heroku ps === web (1X): `vendor/bin/heroku-‐php-‐apache2 web/` web.1: starting 2014/11/05 20:36:39 (~ 4s ago) web.2: starting 2014/11/05 20:36:39 (~ 4s ago) web.3: starting 2014/11/05 20:36:39 (~ 4s ago) web.4: starting 2014/11/05 20:36:38 (~ 4s ago) web.5: starting 2014/11/05 20:36:38 (~ 4s ago) web.6: starting 2014/11/05 20:36:39 (~ 4s ago) web.7: starting 2014/11/05 20:36:38 (~ 4s ago) web.8: starting 2014/11/05 20:36:39 (~ 4s ago) web.9: starting 2014/11/05 20:36:38 (~ 4s ago) web.10: starting 2014/11/05 20:36:39 (~ 4s ago) $ heroku ps:scale web=1 Scaling dynos... done, now running web at 1:1X.

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VIII. CONCURRENCY Scale out via the process model.

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XII. ADMIN PROCESSES Management tasks like DB migrations are one-off processes.

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XII. ADMIN PROCESSES Management tasks like DB migrations are one-off processes. They run in isolation, just like all other "dynos". With the same release: same code, same conﬁg!

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XII. ADMIN PROCESSES Management tasks like DB migrations are one-off processes. $ heroku run "php app/console doctrine:migrations:migrate" Running `php app/console…` attached to terminal... up, run.4062 Migrating up to 20100416130452 from 0 >> migrating 20100416130452 -‐> CREATE TABLE users (username VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL, password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL) ENGINE = InnoDB >> migrated They run in isolation, just like all other "dynos". With the same release: same code, same conﬁg!

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PIPELINES

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PIPELINES $ heroku labs:enable pipelines $ heroku plugins:install git://github.com/heroku/heroku-‐pipeline $ heroku pipeline:add your-‐app-‐production -‐-‐app your-‐app-‐staging Pipeline: your-‐app-‐staging -‐-‐-‐> your-‐app-‐production $ heroku pipeline:diff Comparing your-‐app-‐staging to your-‐app-‐production...done, your-‐app-‐staging ahead by 1 commit: 73ab415 2014-‐11-‐05 Fix checkout for IE users (Joe) $ heroku pipeline:promote Promoting myapp-‐staging to myapp-‐production...done, v817

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HEROKU POSTGRES

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HEROKU POSTGRES We run the world's largest ﬂeet of PostgreSQL databases!

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FORK Clone a database using a single command. $ heroku addons:add heroku-‐postgresql:standard-‐0 \ -‐-‐fork HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_CHARCOAL_URL Adding heroku-‐postgresql:standard-‐0 on app... done, v7 ($50/mo) Attached as HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_SILVER_URL Database will become available after it completes forking Use `heroku pg:wait` to track status $ heroku pg:wait Waiting for database HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_SILVER_URL... available

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FOLLOW Horizontal scalability using read-only replicas. $ heroku addons:add heroku-‐postgresql:standard-‐0 \ -‐-‐follow HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_CHARCOAL_URL Adding heroku-‐postgresql:standard-‐0 to foo... done, v8 ($50/mo) Attached as HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_RED $ heroku pg:unfollow HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_WHITE_URL ! HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_WHITE will become writable and no longer ! follow HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_CHARCOAL. This cannot be undone. ! WARNING: Potentially Destructive Action ! This command will affect the app: foo ! To proceed, type "foo" or re-‐run this command with -‐-‐ confirm foo > foo Unfollowing... done

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ROLLBACK Jump back in time like that litte disaster never happened. $ heroku addons:add heroku-‐postgresql:standard-‐0 \ -‐-‐rollback HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_RED_URL -‐-‐by '1 hour' Adding heroku-‐postgresql:standard-‐0 on foo... done, v9 ($50/mo) Attached as HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_YELLOW_URL Database will become available after it completes rolling back to 2015-‐01-‐16 09:02:14 +0000 (01:00:00 ago) Use `heroku pg:wait` to track status. Use `heroku addons:docs heroku-‐postgresql` to view documentation.

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now you know it all

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go have fun!

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ONE MORE THING...

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heroku-‐php $ git rm Procfile heroku-‐php $ composer require -‐-‐ignore-‐platform-‐reqs hhvm ~3.2 ./composer.json has been updated Loading composer repositories with package information Updating dependencies (including require-‐dev) Nothing to install or update Generating autoload files heroku-‐php $ git add composer.* heroku-‐php $ git commit -‐m 'use HHVM' heroku-‐php $ git push heroku master -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> PHP app detected -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Detected request for HHVM 3.4.2 in composer.lock. -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Setting up runtime environment... -‐ HHVM 3.2.0 -‐ Apache 2.4.10 -‐ Nginx 1.6.0 -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Building runtime environment... NOTICE: No Procfile, defaulting to 'web: vendor/bin/ heroku-‐hhvm-‐apache2' -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Compressing... done, 77.4MB -‐-‐-‐-‐-‐> Launching... done, v3 http://your-‐hhvm-‐app.herokuapp.com/ deployed to Heroku

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The End

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ELEPHANTS IN THE CLOUDS Thanks for listening! Contact: @dzuelke & dz@heroku.com. rate my talk on joind.in!