Pairwise Framework in ERP Application ~ ShriRam Paidi & Kanaka Durga Bandaru 

Agenda • What is Pairwise Testing? • What is ERP? • Pairwise Implementation in ERP • Pairwise Implementation in ERP • Value and Benefit 

Observation in ERP Application It is an observation in ERP Application that most faults are caused by interactions of two parameters caused by interactions of two parameters 

Root Cause Analysis for Customer Bugs One Parameter Two Parameters Three Parameters Other 

Pairwise Testing Pairwise Testing 

Pairwise Testing Pairwise testing is an effective test case generation technique that ensures that every parameter pair is tested at least once ensures that every parameter pair is tested at least once 

Example 1 2 3 4 Person Type (A) Employee (a1) Contingent Worker (a2) Termination (B) Retirement (b1) Voluntary (b2) Force (b3) Deceased (b4) Benefits (C) PF (c1) Gratuity (c2) Pension (c3) (2) (4) (3) Number of Parameter Values Exhaustive Pair Combinations 2 * 4 * 3 = 24 Optimum Pair Combinations = max(X) * max [X \ max(X)] i.e. Optimum Pair Combinations = max(X) * next max (X) i.e. Optimum Pair Combinations = 4 * 3 = 12 Note: X is a set which contains number of parameter values, i.e. X = {2, 4, 3} 

Create Exhaustive Pair Combinations 2 * 4 * 3 = 24 Create Empty Set for Optimum Pair Combinations 4 * 3 = 12 Create Empty Set for Optimum Pair Combinations 4 * 3 = 12 

Start Moving AB unused Pair Combination to Empty Set 

Move all AB unused Pair Combination to Empty Set 

Start Moving BC unused Pair Combination to Empty Set 

Move all BC unused Pair Combination to Empty Set 

Move all AC unused Pair Combination to Empty Set 

Optimum Pair Combinations 

Another Example 1 2 3 Person Type Employee (a1) Contingent Worker (a2) Applicant (a3) Gender Male (b1) Female (b2) Unknown (b3) Job Trainee (c1) Engineer (c2) Manager (c3) (3) (3) (3) Number of Parameter Values Exhaustive Pair Combinations 3 * 3 * 3 = 27 Exhaustive Pair Combinations 3 * 3 * 3 = 27 Optimum Number of Test Cases = max(X) * next max (X) i.e. Optimal Pair Combinations 3 * 3 = 9 Note: X is a set which contains number of parameters, i.e. X = {3, 3, 3} 

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ERP System 

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Pairwise in ERP Application 

Unit Level System Level Integration Level 

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Learning Management a ERP Application Learning Management is the product in ERP Application which automates Employee Trainings. Employee Employee Employee Employee Enrolls in a Training Employee Completes the Training Employee Skills are updated 

Unit Level 

Unit Level 

Create a Training Course 

Identify Field Level Data Create a New Training Course Parameter Data Values Course Offering Online, In a Class, Web Conference, Self Study (4) Course Type Normal Content, Assessment, Both (3) Learner Access Self, Approval, Mandatory (3) Enrollment Limit Limited, Unlimited (2) Waitlist Allowed, Not Allowed (2) Cost Free Course, Priced Course (2) Total Combinations (4 * 3 * 3 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 288) 

Input Data to Pairwise Algorithm Enter Parameter and Parameter Values Note: We have written a Macro which Generates Test Cases using Pairwise Algorithm 

Result – Unit Level - Using Pairwise 

System Level 

System Level 

Identify System Level Transactions Parameter Data Values Feed Unit Level Test Cases 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 (14) Learner (Person) Applicant, Employee, Ex-Employee, Contingent Worker, Ex-Contingent Person Enrolls in a Training Course Learner (Person) Applicant, Employee, Ex-Employee, Contingent Worker, Ex-Contingent Worker (5) Enrollment Self, Manager, Mandatory, Admin Single, Admin Bulk, Approval (6) Enrollment Availability Available, Not Available, Waitlisted (3) Total Combinations (14 * 5 * 6 * 3 = 1260) 

Result – System Level - Using Pairwise 

Integration Level 

Result – Unit Level - Using Pairwise 

Identify Integration Points Parameter Data Values Employee Completes the Training and Skill are updated in Person Competency Integration Points – Learning Management Interface with Performance & Approvals Parameter Data Values Feed System Test Cases SLTC1, SLTC2, ……., SLTC84 (84) Assessment Score Card Passed in Course, Failed in Course, Not Applicable (3) Person Competency Attach, Do Not Attach (2) Approval Manager Approval, Auto Approve (2) Total Combinations (84 * 3 * 2 * 2 = 1008) 

Result – Integration Level - Using Pairwise 

Summary – without Pairwise Total Unit Level Combinations (3 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 288) Total System Level Combinations ( 288 * 5 * 6 * 3 = 25,920) Total System Level Combinations ( 288 * 5 * 6 * 3 = 25,920) Total Integration Level Combinations ( 25,920 * 4 * 2 = 2,07,360 ) 

Summary – with Pairwise Total Unit Level Combinations (3 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 288) Optimized Unit Level Combinations using Pairwise: 14 Total System Level Combinations (14 * 5 * 6 * 3 = 1260) Optimized System Level Combinations using Pairwise: 84 Total Integration Level Combinations (84 * 3 * 2 * 2 = 1008) Optimized Integration Combinations using Pairwise: 252 

Summary Ensures that every parameter pair has been Tested at least once Optimizes Test Effort within the Project Time Constraints 

Trend of Customer Bugs Reported 150 200 250 2009 0 50 100 150 C1 C2 C3 2009 2010 2011 

Test Environment Configuration 

Configurations for a ERP Application Browser - IE 8, 9, Firefox 3.5, 10, Safari 4, 5 (6) Client OS – Windows 7, XP, Vista, MAC, iOS (5) Server OS – Windows, Linux (2) Data Base - 10g, 11g (2) Receiving Pages from Difference Servers – Apache, IIS (2) Total Combinations (6 * 5 * 2 * 2 * 2 = 240) 

Configurations for a ERP Application Creating Configuration is expensive Consumes lot of Time and Effort 

Value and Benefits 

Value and Benefits Optimal number of Test Cases for Maximum Test Yield Saves QA Effort in Documentation and Execution Cost to Quality in ERP Comes Down Cost to Quality in ERP Comes Down 

Thank You