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TeamTopologies.com @TeamTopologies Manuel Pais Playing Tetris with Cognitive Load

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Team Topologies 3 Organizing business and technology teams for fast flow Matthew Skelton & Manuel Pais IT Revolution Press, 2019 teamtopologies.com/book Over 150.000 copies sold

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cognitive OVERload

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56% of IT professionals can't relax after their working day 🤯 7

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44% of full-time employees experience burnout 🤯🤯 8

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“Great [digital] products emerge from empowered, fully cross-functional teams.” – John Cutler, 2019 11

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13 Fast flow of value

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fast flow of value doesn’t mean “feature factory” ⚠

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15 Rapid feedback from running systems

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16 team mission

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31 cognitive loadd

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Each service must be fully owned by a team with sufficient capacity to design, build, run & evolve it 32

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Team Cognitive Load

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Team Cognitive Load Architecture Infrastructure Security

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coding testing deploying security infrastructure operations CI/CD arch & design

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coding testing deploying security infrastructure operations CI/CD arch & design building the solution right

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coding testing deploying security infrastructure operations CI/CD arch & design UX cust satisfaction data science product viability QA

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coding testing deploying security infrastructure operations CI/CD arch & design UX cust satisfaction biz metrics product viability QA building the right solution

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UX Data Science Team Cognitive Load

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Product Viability Design Thinking Experiments Team Cognitive Load

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cognitive OVERload

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Team Cognitive Load 53

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COGNITIVE LOAD: The total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory - John Sweller 54

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Intrinsic (skills) Extraneous (environment) Germane (domain focus) 59

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(Intrinsic) ] Extraneous [ Germane 60

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Taming Cognitive Load 63 Explicit cognitive load

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64 Challenge Cognitive load can’t be measured directly

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65 Answer Need to assess the drivers of team cognitive load

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66 Answer Team Cognitive Load Clusters 1. Team Characteristics

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67 Answer Team Cognitive Load Clusters 1. Team Characteristics 2. Work Characteristics

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68 Answer Team Cognitive Load Clusters 1. Team Characteristics 2. Work Characteristics 3. Work Practices & Processes

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69 Answer Team Cognitive Load Clusters 1. Team Characteristics 2. Work Characteristics 3. Work Practices & Processes 4. Work Environment & Tools

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Assess cognitive load drivers 70 github.com/TeamTopologies

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71 Free for teams teamperature.com

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72 Challenge Cognitive load changes continuously

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73 Answer Measure continuously and set realistic expectations on cognitive load variation

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Taming Cognitive Load 74 Explicit cognitive load Team-sized software

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Limit the size of software services/products to the cognitive load that the team can handle. 75

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76

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“Any organization that designs a system (defined broadly) will produce a design whose structure is a copy of the organization's communication structure.” – Mel Conway, 1968 77

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Taming Cognitive Load 82 Explicit cognitive load Team-sized software Adequate team topologies

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topology the way in which constituent parts are interrelated or arranged Greek: τοπολογία (τόπος == ‘place’) 83

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4 fundamental team types 84 Stream-aligned team

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85

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87 We expect most teams to be (value) stream-aligned with end-to-end ownership (if we want fast flow)

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Team Cognitive Load

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4 fundamental team types 89 Stream-aligned team Enabling team

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90 Enabling teams reduce both the learning curve to acquire capabilities and the need for “shared experts” by having them teach and mentor “on the ground”

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Case Study 91 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oOjdXeGp44E

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Team Cognitive Load

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4 fundamental team types 95 Stream-aligned team Enabling team Platform team

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96 Platform teams provide services that reduce cognitive load and accelerate stream-aligned teams to deliver work with substantial autonomy

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“A digital platform is a foundation of self-service APIs, tools, services, knowledge and support which are arranged as a compelling internal product.” – Evan Bottcher, 2018 99

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102 A platform is a curated experience for its customers

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112 “Highly evolved firms use a combination of stream-aligned and platform teams as the most effective way to manage cognitive load at scale”

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Team Cognitive Load

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4 fundamental team types 114 Stream-aligned team Enabling team Platform team Complicated subsystem team

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115 Complicated subsystem teams build and evolve part of a system which requires specialized, PhD kind of knowledge

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Team Cognitive Load

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4 fundamental team types 117 Flow of change

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118 Team Interaction Modes Collaboration: 2 teams working together X-as-a-Service: 1 provides, 1 consumes Facilitating: 1 team helps another

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119 Team Interaction Modes Collaboration: 2 teams working together X-as-a-Service: 1 provides, 1 consumes Facilitating: 1 team helps another Why, When, How Long

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3 core interaction modes 120 Flow of change X-as-a-Service Facilitating Collaboration

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Taming Cognitive Load 123 Explicit cognitive load Team-sized software Adequate team topologies

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