はじめてのRuby 第14章 / Ruby Practice 14

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ͨͷ͍͠Ruby ୈ14ষ

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ͨͷ͍͠ ‹(^_^o)›

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Ruby

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ୈ14ষ

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ୈ14ষ StringΫϥε

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14.1 จࣈྻΛ࡞Δ

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14.1 จࣈྻΛ࡞Δ • Ұ൪؆୯ͳจࣈྻΦϒδΣΫτͷ࡞Γํ͸, ʮ” “ʯ͔ʮ’ ‘ʯͰғΉํ๏͕͋Δ. • “ “ͱ’ ‘ͷҧ͍͸, ‘ ‘ʢγϯάϧΫΥʔςʔγϣ ϯʣͰғΜͩ৔߹͸Raw string literalʹͳΔ. ʢҰ෦ྫ֎ΞϦʣ

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14.1 จࣈྻΛ࡞Δ • μϒϧΫΥʔςʔγϣϯͰғ·Εͨจࣈྻ಺ Ͱʮ#{ม਺}ʯͱ͢Δͱ, ಺෦ͷม਺Λల։͢Δ ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ.ʢࣜల։ͱ͍͏ʣ • μϒϧΫΥʔςʔγϣϯͰғΜͩจࣈྻͰ͸, ΤεέʔϓγʔέϯεΛར༻͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ Δ.ʢP276ࢀরʣ

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14.1.1 %Q, %qΛ࢖͏ • ʮ“ʯ΍ʮ’ʯΛ࢖ͬͨจࣈྻΛ࡞Γ͍ͨ࣌͸, ʮ”ʯ΍ʮ’ʯΛΤεέʔϓ͢ΔΑΓ΋%Q΍%q Λ࢖ͬͨ΄͏͕؆୯ʹॻ͘͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ.      • %Q͸ʮ””ʯ, %q͸ʮ’’ʯͰғͬͨ৔߹ͱಉ౳

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14.1.2 ώΞυΩϡϝϯτΛ࢖͏ • ʮ<<~ʯΛ࢖ͬͯจࣈྻΛ࡞Δ΋ͷ. • վߦΛؚΉ௕͍จࣈྻΛ࡞Δͱ͖ʹศར. • ҎԼͷΑ͏ͳϑΥʔϚοτͰੜ੒͢Δ. dlऴྃͷจࣈྻz ஔ͖׵͑Δจࣈྻ ऴྃͷه߸

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14.1.2 ώΞυΩϡϝϯτΛ࢖͏ • ίʔυྫ      • <<~ͷޙΖʹॻ͘ऴྃͷه߸͸, ʮ””ʯͱʮ’’ʯ ͲͪΒͰ΋ྑ͍. ॻ͔ͳ͔ͬͨ৔߹͸ʮ””ʯͰ ॻ͍ͨ͜ͱʹ͞ΕΔ.

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14.1.2 ώΞυΩϡϝϯτΛ࢖͏ • ʮ””ʯͱʮ’’ʯͷҧ͍͸, จࣈྻ಺ͷಛघจࣈ ΍ࣜදݱ͕ల։͞ΕΔ͔Ͳ͏͔.

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14.1.2 ώΞυΩϡϝϯτΛ࢖͏ • ώΞυΩϡϝϯτΛม਺ʹ୅ೖ͢Δʹ͸ҎԼ ͷΑ͏ʹ͢Δ.

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14.1.4 ʮ``ʯΛ࢖͏ • ʮ`ίϚϯυ`ʯͷܗࣜͰίϚϯυͷඪ४ग़ྗΛ ड͚औͬͯจࣈྻΦϒδΣΫτʹ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ Ͱ͖Δ. • lsͷ݁Ռ΍catͷ݁ՌΛදࣔ͢Δྫ 

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ʲίϥϜʳprintfͱsprintf • printfϝιου͸, ϑΥʔϚοτʹैͬͯจࣈྻΛੜ ੒͠ग़ྗ͢Δ. • sprintf͸ϑΥʔϚοτʹैͬͨจࣈྻΛฦ͢.    • format͸ʮˋจࣈʯͱ͍͏ܗࣜͰͲͷΑ͏ʹද͢ͷ ͔Λࢦఆ͢Δ. TQSJOUG GPSNBU< BSH< ʜ>> TQSJOUG GPSNBU< BSH< ʜ>>

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ʲίϥϜʳprintfͱsprintf • ίʔυྫ    • sprintf͸formatͱ΋͔͚Δ.

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ʲίϥϜʳprintfͱsprintf • ॻࣜͷࢦఆ͸, ʮˋࢦࣔࢠʯͷܗࣜͰߦ͏. • ࢦࣔࢠ͸શ෦ॻ͖͖Εͳ͍ͷͰ, P281΍ҎԼ ͷϦϑΝϨϯεΛࢀর  https://docs.ruby-lang.org/ja/2.0.0/doc/ print_format.html

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14.2 จࣈྻͷ௕͞ΛಘΔ

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14.2 จࣈྻͷ௕͞ΛಘΔ • จࣈྻͷ௕͞ΛಘΔʹ͸, sizeϝιου͔length ϝιουΛར༻͢Δ.          • bytesize͸όΠτ਺Λฦ͢.

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14.2 จࣈྻͷ௕͞ΛಘΔ • จࣈྻ͕ۭͰ͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔͸empty?ϝιου Λ࢖ͬͯௐ΂Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ.

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14.3 จࣈྻͷΠϯσοΫε

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14.3 จࣈྻͷΠϯσοΫε • จࣈྻதͷಛఆͷҐஔͷจࣈΛऔΓग़͢ʹ͸, ഑ྻͱಉ༷ΠϯσοΫεΛࢦఆ͢Δ.

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14.4 จࣈྻΛͭͳ͛Δ

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14.4 จࣈྻΛͭͳ͛Δ • จࣈྻΛͭͳ͛Δํ๏͸2ͭ͋Δ. 1. 2ͭͷจࣈྻΛͭͳ͛ͨ৽͍͠จࣈྻΛ࡞ Δ. 2. ࠓݱࡏͷจࣈྻʹରͯ͠෇͚Ճ͑ͯ௕͍จ ࣈྻʹ͢Δ.

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14.4 จࣈྻΛͭͳ͛Δ 1. 2ͭͷจࣈྻΛͭͳ͛ͨ৽͍͠จࣈྻΛ࡞Δ. l)FMMP l l8PSMEz IFMMP XPSME TUSIFMMPXPSME l)FMMP l l8PSMEz IFMMP XPSME l)FMMP 8PSMEl TUS ৽ن࡞੒

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14.4 จࣈྻΛͭͳ͛Δ 2. ࠓݱࡏͷจࣈྻʹରͯ͠෇͚Ճ͑ͯ௕͍จࣈ ྻʹ͢Δ.  l)FMMP l l8PSMEz IFMMP XPSME IFMMPXPSME l8PSMEz IFMMP XPSME l)FMMP 8PSMEl ॻ͖׵͑ΒΕΔ

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14.4 จࣈྻΛͭͳ͛Δ • ৽͍͠จࣈྻΦϒδΣΫτΛੜ੒͢Δʹ͸,   +ϝιουΛར༻͢Δ.

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14.4 จࣈྻΛͭͳ͛Δ • ͢Ͱʹ͋Δจࣈྻʹͭͳ͛Δʹ͸,   <<ϝιου or concatϝιουΛ࢖͏. ม਺IFMMPͷঢ়ଶ͕ॳظͱ  ҟͳ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δ

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14.5 จࣈྻΛൺֱ͢Δ

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14.5 จࣈྻΛൺֱ͢Δ • จࣈྻ͕ಉ͔͡Ͳ͏͔Λௐ΂Δʹ͸ɺʮ==ʯor ʮ!=ʯΛར༻͢Δ.        • ࣅ͍ͯΔจࣈྻΛ୳͚ͨ͠Ε͹Regexp࢖ͬͨ΄͏ ͕͍͍Ͱ͠ΐ͏.

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14.5.1 จࣈྻͷେখൺֱ • จࣈྻʹ͸େখؔ܎͕͋Δ.ʢจࣈίʔυॱͱ ͍͏֓೦͕͋Δʣ  • ೔ຊޠͷࣙॻॱͱ͸ҟͳΔͷͰ஫ҙ.ʢྫ͑͹ ʮ͔͚ʯʮ͕͚ʯʮ͔͜ʯΛฒ΂ସ͑ͨ࣌, RubyͰ͸ʮ͔͚ʯʮ͔͜ʯʮ͕͚ʯͷॱʹͳ Δ.

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14.6 จࣈྻΛ෼ׂ͢Δ

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14.6 จࣈྻΛ෼ׂ͢Δ • ಛఆͷจࣈͰจࣈྻΛ෼ׂ͢Δʹ͸,   splitϝιουΛ࢖͏ͱྑ͍. • ΦϒδΣΫτ.split(“۠੾Γจࣈ”)ͱ͢Δͱ, ۠ ੾ΓจࣈͰ෼ׂ͠഑ྻΦϒδΣΫτΛฦ͢.

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14.7 վߦจࣈͷѻ͍ํ

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14.7 վߦจࣈͷѻ͍ํ • ඪ४ೖྗ͔ΒจࣈྻΛಡΈࠐΜͩ৔߹ͳͲ, จ ࣈྻͷ຤ඌʹվߦจࣈ͕෇͘͜ͱ͕͋Δ. • ͜ͷվߦจࣈ͕अຐͳ৔߹͸, chop΍chomp ͱݴͬͨϝιουΛ࢖͏͜ͱͰ, ຤ඌͷվߦจ ࣈΛऔΓ෷͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ.

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14.7 վߦจࣈͷѻ͍ํ • վߦจࣈΛऔΓআ͘ϝιουҰཡ        • chop͸จࣈͷछྨؔ܎ͳ͘຤ඌͷ1จࣈΛ࡟ Δ.ʢchomp͸վߦจࣈͷΈʣ ຤ඌΛඞͣจࣈ࡟Δ վߦ͕͋Δ৔߹ͷΈ ࡟Δ ඇഁյత DIPQ DIPNQ ഁյత DIPQ DIPNQ

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14.7 վߦจࣈͷѻ͍ํ • chop, chompͷྫ

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14.7 վߦจࣈͷѻ͍ํ • each_lineϝιουͰಡΈࠐΜͩߦΛॲཧ͢Δ ৔߹, chomp!ͰվߦจࣈΛམͱ͢ͷ͕ৗ౟ख ஈΒ͍͠.

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14.8 จࣈྻͷݕࡧͱஔ׵

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14.8.1 จࣈྻͷݕࡧ • จࣈྻͷதʹಛఆͷจࣈྻ͕ଘࡏ͍ͯ͠Δ͔ௐ ΂Δʹ͸, indexϝιου ΋͘͠͸ rindexϝ ιουΛ࢖͏.        • rindexͷr͸ӈଆ͔Β୳ࡧ͢Δͱ͍͏ҙຯ

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14.8.1 จࣈྻͷݕࡧ • indexϝιουͱrindexϝιου͸, ୳͢จࣈ ྻ͕ݟ͔ͭͬͨ৔߹͸Ұகͨ͠෦෼ͷઌ಄Π ϯσοΫεΛฦ͢. • ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͔ͬͨ৔߹͸nilΛฦ͢.

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14.8.1 จࣈྻͷݕࡧ • จࣈྻதʹؚ·Ε͍ͯΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͚ͩௐ΂ͨ ͍ʢΠϯσοΫε͸ෆཁʣ৔߹͸, include?ϝ ιουΛ࢖͏ͱྑ͍.

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14.9 จࣈྻͱ഑ྻͰڞ௨͢Δϝιου

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14.9.1  ΠϯσοΫεૢ࡞ʹؔ͢Δϝιου • s[n] = str (s.slice(n) = str)  s[n..m] = str (s.slice(n..m) = str)  s[n, len] = str (s.slice(n, len) = str)  ࢦఆͨ͠ൣғΛstrͰஔ͖׵͑Δ   

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14.9.1  ΠϯσοΫεૢ࡞ʹؔ͢Δϝιου • ஔ͖׵͑ΔൣғΛΠϯσοΫεͰͳ͘όΠτ ୯ҐͰࢦఆ͍ͨ͠৔߹͸, bytesliceϝιου Λ࢖͏.  • byteslice(nth, len)͸, nthόΠτ໨͔Β௕͞len ͷจࣈྻΛ੾Γग़͢.

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14.9.1  ΠϯσοΫεૢ࡞ʹؔ͢Δϝιου • s.slice!(n)  s.slice!(n..m)  s.slice!(n, len)  จࣈྻͷҰ෦Λ࡟Δ. ࡟ͬͨ෦෼͕ϝιουͷ ฦΓ஋ͱͳΔ.

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14.9.2  EnumratorΦϒδΣΫτΛฦ͢ϝιου • each_lineϝιου΍each_byteϝιουͳͲ ͸ϒϩοΫΛ౉͞ͳ͍৔߹͸EnumratorΦϒ δΣΫτ͕ฦΔ. • EnumratorΦϒδΣΫτ͕ฦΔͱ͍͏͜ͱ͸, mapͱ͔࢖͑ΔͶ.

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14.9.2  EnumratorΦϒδΣΫτΛฦ͢ϝιου • ίʔυྫ

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14.9.3 ࿈݁΍ٯॱʹؔ͢Δϝιου • s.concat(s2)  s + s2  จࣈྻΛͭͳ͗߹ΘͤΔ.   

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14.9.3 ࿈݁΍ٯॱʹؔ͢Δϝιου • s.delete(str)  s.delete(str)  จࣈྻs͔Βstrʹ֘౰͢Δ෦෼ΛऔΓআ͘   

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14.9.3 ࿈݁΍ٯॱʹؔ͢Δϝιου • s.reverse  s.reverse!  จࣈྻsΛٯॱʹฒ΂ସ͑Δ.   

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14.10 ͦͷଞͷϝιου

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14.10 ͦͷଞͷϝιου • s.strip  s.strip!  จࣈྻsͷલޙͷۭനจࣈΛআڈ͢Δϝιου.

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14.10 ͦͷଞͷϝιου • s.upcase  s.upcase!  খจࣈΛେจࣈʹஔ͖׵͑Δϝιου.     

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14.10 ͦͷଞͷϝιου • s.downcase  s.downcase!  େจࣈΛখจࣈʹஔ͖׵͑Δϝιου.     

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14.10 ͦͷଞͷϝιου • s.swapcase  s.swapcase!  খจࣈΛେจࣈʹ, େจࣈΛখจࣈʹ͢Δ.     

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14.10 ͦͷଞͷϝιου • s.capitalize  s.capitalize!  1จࣈ໨Λେจࣈʹͯ͠, ͦΕҎ߱Λখจࣈʹ ͢Δ.   

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14.10 ͦͷଞͷϝιου • s.tr  s.tr!  UnixίϚϯυͷtrʹ༝དྷ͢ΔϝιουͰ, จࣈ Λஔ͖׵͑ΔͨΊʹ࢖͏.

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·ͱΊ

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·ͱΊ • จࣈྻ͸ʮ””ʯor ʮ’’ʯͰੜ੒͢Δ. • %Q, %qͰ΋ੜ੒Մೳ. • จࣈྻʹର͢Δૢ࡞͸, ഑ྻͱಉ͡༻ʹͰ͖Δ ΋ͷ͕ଟ͍.