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The Future is
in Pieces
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2003
CSS Takes Off
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Wired Redesign
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Blog Design
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Blog Designs
#header h1, #header h2 { font-size:13px; font-weigh… }
#header h1 { color: #680; float:right; padding-b…}
#header h2 { float:left; padding:18px 20px; posi…}
#header h2 img { position:absolute; left:0; top:0; }
#header h2 a { text-decoration:none; color:#333; }
#main h2 {text-transform:uppercase; font-weight:…}
#main h2 a {text-decoration:none; color:#444;}
#main h2 a:hover {color:#680;}
#main .article.inside h1 { text-transform:uppercase;…}
#comments .comment .meta .authorname { text-transfo… }
#comments .comment .meta .commentnumber a { float: … }
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Blog Designs
#header h1, #header h2 { font-size:13px; font-weigh… }
#header h1 { color: #680; float:right; padding-b…}
#header h2 { float:left; padding:18px 20px; posi…}
#header h2 img { position:absolute; left:0; top:0; }
#header h2 a { text-decoration:none; color:#333; }
#main h2 {text-transform:uppercase; font-weight:…}
#main h2 a {text-decoration:none; color:#444;}
#main h2 a:hover {color:#680;}
#main .article.inside h1 { text-transform:uppercase;…}
#comments .comment .meta .authorname { text-transfo… }
#comments .comment .meta .commentnumber a { float: … }
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Blog Designs
#header h1, #header h2 { font-size:13px; font-weigh… }
#header h1 { color: #680; float:right; padding-b…}
#header h2 { float:left; padding:18px 20px; posi…}
#header h2 img { position:absolute; left:0; top:0; }
#header h2 a { text-decoration:none; color:#333; }
#main h2 {text-transform:uppercase; font-weight:…}
#main h2 a {text-decoration:none; color:#444;}
#main h2 a:hover {color:#680;}
#main .article.inside h1 { text-transform:uppercase;…}
#comments .comment .meta .authorname { text-transfo… }
#comments .comment .meta .commentnumber a { float: … }
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SMACSS
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Scalable and
Modular Architecture
for CSS
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• Describes how to approach site design and
development
• No GitHub repo, not a library, not a framework, no
tools
• Techniques can be applied to static CSS, Sass,
React, Web Components, etc.
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What does it mean
to be modular?
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A module is “each of a set of
standardized parts or independent
units that can be used to construct
a more complex structure.”
–Dictionary
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What hurdles are
there to being truly
independent?
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• Inheritance
• Cascade
• Browser Default Styling
• Putting modules/components together
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Inheritance
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• Typography
e.g. color, font-size, font-family
• List Styles
e.g. list-style
• Table Styles
e.g. border-collapse
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Sorry, React. Inline
styles won’t save
you from inheritance.
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• all: initial
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Cascade
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The cascade is how the
browser decides what
properties to apply when you
have multiple rules declared
on the same element.
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a:link { color: blue; }
a:hover { color: cornflowerblue; }
.sidebar a:link { color: grey; }
.sidebar a:hover { color: crimson; }
.nav a:link { color: cadetblue; }
.nav a:hover { color: darkblue; }
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• Don’t write multiple rules for the same element
• Inline styles
• Create a structured layering system to prevent
conflicts
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Browser Defaults
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.button {
border:1px solid purple;
padding: 5px 10px;
color: pink;
}
text-decoration: none;
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• all: initial
• Predictable HTML
i.e. templates
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Putting Modules
Together
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Send
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Cancel Send
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.button + .button {
margin-left: 10px;
}
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Cancel Send
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Send
Email
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.button + .button,
.input + .button {
margin-left: 10px;
}
* + * {
margin-left: 10px;
}
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Send Subscribe
Email
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http://snk.ms/26
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• Separate layout from module
• Micro layout classes
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Send
Subscribe
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Send
Subscribe
button>
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BONUS PROBLEM!
Media Queries
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If Module A
in Module B
in Layout C
Then I’m screwed.
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If Module A has room
do this.
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Element Queries
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Element Queries
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Oh, right.
SMACSS.
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Design has a cost.
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Every piece of
design ends up in
code.
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• Categorize
• Naming Convention
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Base
Layout
Module
State
Theme
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• .btn
• .btn--variation
• .btn__component
• .btn
• &--variation
• &__component
• button.css
• .variation
• .component
SMACSS-y
BEM
Sass
CSS
Modules/React
• .btn
• .btn-variation
• .btn--component
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HTML
CSS
JavaScript
HTML
CSS
JavaScript
HTML
CSS
JavaScript
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The Future is
React?
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React.render(
My Button!
);
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var XUIButton = React.createClass({
render: function() {
return (
{this.props.children}
);
}
});
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var myStyle = {
color: '#FFF',
backgroundColor: '#330000'
}
var XUIButton = React.createClass({
render: function() {
return (
{this.props.children}
);
}
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HTML
CSS
JavaScript
HTML
CSS
JavaScript
HTML
CSS
JavaScript
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The Future is
Web Components?
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• Templates
• Shadow DOM
• Custom Elements
• HTML Imports
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var p = document.createElement(‘p');
p.createShadowRoot();
p.shadowRoot.innerHTML = 'HTML Contents';
document.body.appendChild(p);
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• The Cascade no longer applies
• Inheritance still applies
(unless you use all:initial)
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HTML
CSS
JavaScript
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HTML
CSS
JavaScript
component.html
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// Creates a MediaObjectElement class
// that extends HTMLElement.
class MediaObjectElement extends HTMLElement {
createdCallback() {
var shadowRoot = this.createShadowRoot();
shadowRoot.innerHTML = 'Shadow DOM contents...';
}
}
// Registers the `` element for use.
document.registerElement('custom-element',
MediaObjectElement);
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• Likely a year before all browsers support
everything.
• JavaScript Dependent
• Phillip Walton’s Talk on Modular CSS with Web
Components
http://snk.ms/27
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• Think about standardized and modular design.
• Frameworks like React can help.
• Web Components are coming. (So is winter.)
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Thank you.
http://snook.ca/
@snookca