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Niharika Arora Developer Relations Engineer, Google Optimize your apps for Android(Go edition) @thedroidLady

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Agenda

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Agenda 1. Android Go: What & Why? 2. Why build for Android Go? 3. Optimize app memory, startup time and app size 4. Tools 5. Final Words…

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Android (Go edition)?

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What is Android Go? A mobile operating system built for entry-level smartphones with less RAM than standard in higher-end devices.

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What is Android Go? A mobile operating system built for entry-level smartphones with less RAM than standard in higher-end devices. Release Android 8.1 (API level 27) Android 9 (API level 28) Android 10 (API level 29) Android 11 (API level 30) Android 12 (API level 31) Android 13 (API level 33) Min RAM 512MB 512MB 512MB 1GB 1GB 2GB

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Why Android (Go edition)?

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Why Android Go? Affordable Light Opportunities Reliable

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Why build for Android Go? 1. >250mn people actively use Android(Go edition) phones worldwide.

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Why build for Android Go? 1. >250mn people actively use Android(Go edition) phones worldwide. 2. Big OEMs like Jio, Samsung, Oppo etc. building more Go devices.

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Why build for Android Go? 1. >250mn people actively use Android(Go edition) phones worldwide. 2. Big OEMs like Jio, Samsung, Oppo etc. building more Go devices. 3. Not catering these devices -> no smooth user experience -> impact on business directly

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Optimize your apps

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Why to optimize?

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Approach

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Phases Description Define ● Before starting any optimization effort, define your Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

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KPI Category App Startup Latency Common to all apps App Crash Rate Common to all apps End to end latency for Camera Shot Specific to Camera app App Not Responding Rate Common to all apps Phases Description Define ● Before starting any optimization effort, define your Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).

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Phases Description Define ● Before starting any optimization effort, define your Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Breakdown ● Break down a given KPI into individual signal metrics. App Crash Rate Crash due to unhandled errors Crash due to high memory usage → Crash due to ANR etc.

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Phases Description Define ● Before starting any optimization effort, define your Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Breakdown ● Break down a given KPI into individual signal metrics. Benchmark ● Benchmark/measure the KPI values and individual metrics to identify current performance.

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Phases Description Define ● Before starting any optimization effort, define your Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Breakdown ● Break down a given KPI into individual signal metrics. Benchmark ● Benchmark/measure the KPI values and individual metrics to identify current performance. Repeat the process ● Repeat the process if your target is not met!!!!!!!!

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Phases Description Define ● Before starting any optimization effort, define your Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Breakdown ● Break down a given KPI into individual signal metrics. Benchmark ● Benchmark/measure the KPI values and individual metrics to identify current performance. Repeat the process ● Repeat the process if your target is not met!!!!!!!! Add regular regression test ● Decide on how often tests should run? ● What should be the optimal frequency for your app?

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Optimize Memory

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Optimize App Memory 1. Schedule tasks which require similar resources(CPU, IO, Memory) appropriately.

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Optimize App Memory 1. Schedule tasks which require similar resources(CPU, IO, Memory) appropriately. 2. Release unneeded memory in onTrimMemory().

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Optimize App Memory 1. Schedule tasks which require similar resources(CPU, IO, Memory) appropriately. 2. Release unneeded memory in onTrimMemory(). 3. Find & fix memory leaks.

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Optimize App Memory 1. Schedule tasks which require similar resources(CPU, IO, Memory) appropriately. 2. Release cache-like memory in onTrimMemory(). 3. Find & fix memory leaks. 4. Optimize your bitmaps.

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Optimize App Memory 1. Schedule tasks which require similar resources(CPU, IO, Memory) appropriately. 2. Release cache-like memory in onTrimMemory(). 3. Find & fix memory leaks. 4. Optimize your bitmaps. 5. Check if malloc can be replaced with mmap when accessing read-only & large files

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Optimize Startup time

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Optimize Startup time 1. Move the tasks from UI thread to background thread.

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Optimize Startup time 1. Move the tasks from UI thread to background thread. 2. Avoid eager initialization.

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Optimize Startup time 1. Move the tasks from UI thread to background thread. 2. Avoid eager initialization. 3. Analyze and fix disk read contention.

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Optimize Startup time 1. Move the tasks from UI thread to background thread. 2. Avoid eager initialization. 3. Analyze and fix disk read contention. 4. Avoid synchronous IPCs on UI thread.

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Optimize Startup time 1. Move the tasks from UI thread to background thread. 2. Avoid eager initialization. 3. Analyze and fix disk read contention. 4. Avoid synchronous IPCs on UI thread. 5. Wisely use XML and Json parsing

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Optimize App size

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Optimize App size 1. Remove unnecessary layouts.

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Optimize App size 1. Remove unnecessary layouts. 2. Migrate to dynamic layouts/views when appropriate.

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Optimize App size 1. Remove unnecessary layouts. 2. Migrate to dynamic layouts/views when appropriate. 3. Revaluate features with low DAU. Try to disable features which take more memory and make the app less performant.

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Optimize App size 1. Remove unnecessary layouts. 2. Migrate to dynamic layouts/views when appropriate. 3. Revaluate features with low DAU. Try to disable features which take more memory and make the app less performant. 4. Try to reduce dalvik code size.

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Optimize App size 1. Remove unnecessary layouts. 2. Migrate to dynamic layouts/views when appropriate. 3. Revaluate features with low DAU. Try to disable features which take more memory and make the app less performant. 4. Try to reduce dalvik code size. 5. Upload your app with Android app bundles and utilize dynamic delivery feature if applicable.

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Optimize App size 1. Remove unnecessary layouts. 2. Migrate to dynamic layouts/views when appropriate. 3. Revaluate features with low DAU. Try to disable features which take more memory and make the app less performant. 4. Try to reduce dalvik code size. 5. Upload your app with Android app bundles and utilize dynamic delivery feature if applicable. 6. Reduce translatable strings size.

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Tools

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Memory ● Debug Memory usage using Perfetto ● Utilize meminfo : adb shell dumpsys meminfo [-d] ● Detailed analysis using showmap : adb shell showmap ● Use Address Sanitizer to detect memory errors in C/C++ code ● Inspect your memory usage using Memory Profiler

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App Startup ● Debug CPU usage, frame rendering time and thready activity using Perfetto ● Streamline startup sequences and explicitly set the order of initialization using App Startup library. ● Utilize Baseline Profiles. ● Combine and effectively use Debug API + CPU Profiler. ● Write tests and measure scrolling/animation rendering time using Macrobenchmark.

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App Size ● Use Android Studio Analyzer. ● Remove unused resources using Lint. ● Crunch PNG files using aapt tool.

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Resources

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Resources ● Landing Page : https://developer.android.com/about/android-go ● Developer Documentation : What, Why and how to develop apps following standard best practices. ● Recommendations on how to build optimized apps : ○ Optimize your app for Android : Lessons from Google apps Part-1 ○ Optimize your app for Android : Lessons from Google apps Part-2 ● Android 13 (Go edition) launch Blog

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Final Words

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Conclusion 1. Android Go is not just “INDIA” specific. 2. Improving performance on Android Go (low-end) devices ∝ Improve performance on all (mid & high-end) devices too. 3. Keeping your users happy should be your first priority.

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“Building an app is easy, but building an efficient one for everyone is, what we really require.”

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Thank you! @thedroidLady