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Mikhail Shilkov Software Developer Microsoft Azure MVP Serverless Azure Functions Functional Programming F# @MikhailShilkov https://mikhail.io

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Stateful Workflows Stateless Serverless Cloud Functions

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Stateful Workflows Stateless Serverless Cloud Functions

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Stateful Workflows Stateless Serverless Cloud Functions

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Module A Module B Module C Shared Database

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Service A Service B Service C Database A Database B Database C

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Service A Service B Unreliable Network Database A Database B

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Service A Service B Service C HTTP(S) HTTP(S)

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Service A Service B Service C HTTP(S) HTTP(S)

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Service A Service B Service C HTTP(S) HTTP(S)

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Service A Service B Service C HTTP(S) HTTP(S)

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Service A Service B Service C Event Event

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Ignite Ticket Booked Conference Planning Started Flight to Singapore Booked Hotel Room Reserved Event Log

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• • • •

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• • • •    

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$

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Book Conf. Book Flight Book Hotel Event Event

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Book Conf. Book Flight Book Hotel Event Event Book Flight Event Book Conf. Event Book Hotel

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Book Conf. Book Flight Event

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Book Conf. Book Flight Event Book Train

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Plan Tour Plan Milan Report Expenses Plan Berlin Event Event Event

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Plan Ignite The Tour Singapore Book Conf. Book Flight Book Hotel

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long-running orchestrations single function maintaining local state complex transactions code-only C#, F#, JavaScript

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Book Conf. Book Flight Book Hotel

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[FunctionName("BookConference")] public static string BookConference( [ActivityTrigger] string name) { var ticket = BookingService.Book(name); return $"Ticket is {ticket}"; }

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[FunctionName("BookConference")] public static string BookConference( [ActivityTrigger] string name) { var ticket = BookingService.Book(name); return $"Ticket is {ticket}"; }

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[FunctionName("BookConference")] public static string BookConference( [ActivityTrigger] string name) { var ticket = BookingService.Book(name); return $"Ticket is {ticket}"; }

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Plan Trip to Ignite Singapore Book Conf. Book Flight Book Hotel

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[FunctionName("TrivialOrchestrator")] public static async Task Trivial( [OrchestrationTrigger] DurableOrchestrationContext context) { await context.CallActivityAsync ("BookConference", "Codemotion Milan"); }

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[FunctionName("TrivialOrchestrator")] public static async Task Trivial( [OrchestrationTrigger] DurableOrchestrationContext context) { await context.CallActivityAsync ("BookConference", "Codemotion Milan"); }

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[FunctionName("TrivialOrchestrator")] public static async Task Trivial( [OrchestrationTrigger] DurableOrchestrationContext context) { await context.CallActivityAsync ("BookConference", "Ignite Singapore"); }

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Plan Ignite The Tour Singapore Book Conf. Book Flight Book Hotel 1 2 3

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public static async Task Sequential(DurableOrchestrationContext context) { var conf = await context.CallActivityAsync ("BookConference", "Ignite Singapore"); var flight = await context.CallActivityAsync ("BookFlight", conf.Dates); await context.CallActivityAsync("BookHotel", flight.Dates); }

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Orchestrator Activity Message Message Activity is scheduled Activity result is reported back

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1. Orchestrator Started 2. ExecutionStarted: PlanTrip 3. TaskScheduled: BookConference 4. OrchestratorCompleted 5. TaskCompleted: "Ticket is 000123" 6. OrchestratorStarted 7. TaskScheduled: BookFlight 8. OrchestratorCompleted 9. TaskCompleted: “Reservation UY9H2J"

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public static async Task Sequential(DurableOrchestrationContext context) { var conf = await context.CallActivityAsync ("BookConference", "Ignite Singapore"); var flight = await context.CallActivityAsync ("BookFlight", conf.Dates); await context.CallActivityAsync("BookHotel", flight.Dates); }

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Parent Orchest- rator Sub- Orchestrator Sub- Orchestrator

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public static async Task SuperOrchestrator( DurableOrchestrationContext context) { await context.CallSubOrchestratorAsync ("BookTrip", igniteSingapore); await context.CallSubOrchestratorAsync ("BookTrip", igniteLondon); }

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Plan Ignite The Tour Singapore Book Conf. Book Flight Book Hotel 1 2

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public static async Task ErrorHandling(DurableOrchestrationContext context) { await context.CallActivityAsync("BookConference", "Ignite Singapore"); try { var itinerary = MakeItinerary(...); await context.CallActivityAsync("BookFlight", itinerary); } catch (FunctionFailedException) { var alternativeItinerary = MakeAnotherItinerary(...); await context.CallActivityAsync("BookFlight", alternativeItinerary); } await context.CallActivityAsync("BookHotel", stay); }

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public static async Task ErrorHandling(DurableOrchestrationContext context) { await context.CallActivityAsync("BookConference", "Ignite Singapore"); try { var itinerary = MakeItinerary(...); await context.CallActivityAsync("BookFlight", itinerary); } catch (FunctionFailedException) { var alternativeItinerary = MakeAnotherItinerary(...); await context.CallActivityAsync("BookFlight", alternativeItinerary); } await context.CallActivityAsync("BookHotel", stay); }

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Plan Trip to Ignite Singapore Book Conf. Book Flight Book Hotel 1 2

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public static async Task Retries(DurableOrchestrationContext context) { await context.CallActivityAsync("BookConference", "Ignite Singapore"); var options = new RetryOptions( firstRetryInterval: TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1), maxNumberOfAttempts: 3); options.BackoffCoefficient = 2.0; await context.CallActivityWithRetryAsync("BookFlight", options, itinerary); await context.CallActivityAsync("BookHotel", stay); }

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Plan Ignite The Tour Plan Milan Report Expenses Plan Berlin 1 2 1

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public static async Task Parallel(DurableOrchestrationContext cxt) { var milan = cxt.CallSubOrchestratorAsync ("BookTrip", igniteMilan); var berlin = cxt.CallSubOrchestratorAsync ("BookTrip", igniteBerlin); var bookings = await Task.WhenAll(milan, berlin); await cxt.CallActivityAsync("ReportExpenses", bookings); }

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Report Expenses At Schedule E-mail Result or Timeout Human Approves Timeout

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// Schedule an e-mail with link to approve/reject var sendAt = context.CurrentUtcDateTime.Date.Add(OneDay); await context.CreateTimer(sendAt); await context.CallActivityAsync("SendEmail", email); // Wait for result with timeout var activityTask = context.WaitForExternalEvent("Approval"); var timeoutTask = context.CreateTimer(deadline); var winner = await Task.WhenAny(activityTask, timeoutTask); // Determine the outcome return winner == activityTask && activityTask.Result;

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// Schedule an e-mail with link to approve/reject var sendAt = context.CurrentUtcDateTime.Date.Add(OneDay); await context.CreateTimer(sendAt); await context.CallActivityAsync("SendEmail", email); // Wait for result with timeout var activityTask = context.WaitForExternalEvent("Approval"); var timeoutTask = context.CreateTimer(deadline); var winner = await Task.WhenAny(activityTask, timeoutTask); // Determine the outcome return winner == activityTask && activityTask.Result;

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// Schedule an e-mail with link to approve/reject var sendAt = context.CurrentUtcDateTime.Date.Add(OneDay); await context.CreateTimer(sendAt); await context.CallActivityAsync("SendEmail", email); // Wait for result with timeout var activityTask = context.WaitForExternalEvent("Approval"); var timeoutTask = context.CreateTimer(deadline); var winner = await Task.WhenAny(activityTask, timeoutTask); // Determine the outcome return winner == activityTask && activityTask.Result;

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// activity.js module.exports = function(context) { return `Hello ${context.bindings.name}!`; }; // orchestrator.js const df = require("durable-functions"); module.exports = df.orchestrator(function*(context) { const output = []; output.push(yield context.df.callActivity("E1_SayHello", "Tokyo")); output.push(yield context.df.callActivity("E1_SayHello", "Seattle")); output.push(yield context.df.callActivity("E1_SayHello", "London")); return output; });

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// activity.js module.exports = function(context) { return `Hello ${context.bindings.name}!`; }; // orchestrator.js const df = require("durable-functions"); module.exports = df.orchestrator(function*(context) { const output = []; output.push(yield context.df.callActivity("E1_SayHello", "Tokyo")); output.push(yield context.df.callActivity("E1_SayHello", "Seattle")); output.push(yield context.df.callActivity("E1_SayHello", "London")); return output; });

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// Activity let sayHello = Activity.define "SayHello" (sprintf "Hello %s!") // Orchestrator let workflow = orchestrator { let! hello1 = Activity.call sayHello "Tokyo" let! hello2 = Activity.call sayHello "Seattle" let! hello3 = Activity.call sayHello "London" return [hello1; hello2; hello3] }

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 Event-Driven  Managed Cloud Services  Rapid Development  Pay-as-you-Go

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https://mikhail.io/2018/12/making-sense-of-azure-durable-functions/ https://aka.ms/durablefunctions https://github.com/Azure/azure-functions-durable-extension https://github.com/Azure/durabletask/tree/azure-functions

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