ContainerCon North America – Cloud Anti-Patterns

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Cloud Anti-Patterns @caseywest 1 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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A word about consent… Please do: Take pictures, tweet, take notes. Please don't: Record or live stream without my explicit consent. 2 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Cloud Anti-Patterns • Twitter @caseywest • Email casey@geeknest.com • Web http://caseywest.com 3 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Thanks, Pivotal 4 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Act One The five stages of cloud-native 5 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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The five stages of cloud- native 1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance 6 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Have a seat on the couch 7 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Whatever makes you comfortable 8 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Now for some basic ground rules 9 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Rules We will talk about your delivery pipeline 10 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Rules We will talk about your architecture 11 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Rules We will talk about your automation 12 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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⏰ 13 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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"Deploying my apps to 'the cloud' is paintful. Why?" 14 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Denial 15 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Denial Containers are just like tiny virtual machines 16 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Denial We don't need to automate continuous delivery 17 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anger 18 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anger Works on my machine 19 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anger Dev is just #YOLO-ing shit to production 20 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Bargaining 21 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Bargaining We crammed this monolith into a container and called it a microservice 22 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Bargaining "Bi-Modal IT" 23 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Bargaining What if we create "microservices" that all talk to the same data source? 24 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Depression 25 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Depression We made 200 microservices and forgot to set up jenkins 26 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Depression We have an automated build pipeline but release twice a year 27 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Acceptance 28 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Acceptance All software sucks 29 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Acceptance Respect CAP Theorem 30 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Acceptance Respect Conway's Law 31 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Acceptance Small batch size works for replatforming, too 32 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Acceptance Automate everything 33 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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⏰'s up 34 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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What have we learned? 35 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Cloud-native operability is* 1. Microservices Architecture 2. Devops Culture 3. Continuous Delivery Pick Any Three * Not always true. 36 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Act Two The twelve-factor container 37 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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You must be this tall to ride this ride 38 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Audience Participation • Containers? • Schedulers? • Cloud? 39 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Docker Docker Docker Docker Docker Docker Docker Docker 40 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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The factors http://12factor.net 41 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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1: One codebase tracked in revision control, many deploys 42 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern Building separate images for staging and production 43 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern Tags for dev and prod 44 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice Use the environment and/or feature flags 45 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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2: Explicitly declare and isolate dependencies 46 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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2: Explicitly declare and isolate dependencies 47 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern latest 48 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice Declare version numbers of upstream dependencies 49 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice Depend on base images for default filesystem and runtimes 50 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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3: Store config in the environment 51 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern conﬁg.yml 52 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern properties.xml 53 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern Hard-coded feature flags 54 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice This one is literally about environment variables 55 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice This one is literally about environment variables ! ‑ 56 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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4: Treat backing services as attached resources 57 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern Local disk 58 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern Local disk 59 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern Local disk 60 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice Connect to network- attached services using connection info from the environment 61 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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5: Strictly separate build and run stages 62 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern Install on deploy 63 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice Build immutable images then run those images 64 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Painfully Obvious Best Practices 1. Eat when hungry 2. Sleep when tired 3. Book Casey West for speaking gigs 65 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice Respect the lifecycle: build, run, destroy 66 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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6: Execute the app as one or more stateless processes 67 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice Schedule LRPs by distributing them across a cluster of physical hardware 68 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern NFS 69 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern NFS Need I say more? 70 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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7: Export services via port binding 71 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice port = Env.fetch(:PORT) 72 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice my $port = $ENV{PORT}; 73 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice private String getPort() { Map env = System.getenv(); return env.get("PORT"); } 74 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice let port = env::var("PORT").unwrap() 75 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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8: Scale out via the process model 76 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice Horizontally scale by adding instances 77 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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9: Maximize robustness with fast startup and graceful shutdown 78 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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10: Keep development, staging, and production as similar as possible 79 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice Run containers in development 80 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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11: Treat logs as event streams 81 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern Random log files #yolo'd all over the file system 82 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice STDOUT STDOUT STDOUT STDOUT 83 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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12: Run admin/ management tasks as one-off processes 84 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Anti-pattern Custom containers for tasks 85 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Best Practice Reuse application images with specific entrypoints for tasks 86 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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More factors? • API first • Secrets management • Health metrics • Global distribution 87 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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You are now cloud-native 88 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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Repeatability Reliability Resiliency 89 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry

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@caseywest Let's be friends ! 90 ! @caseywest #containercon #linuxcon #containers #realworld #sorrynotsorry