A Brief History of that Time You Used Web Fonts

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A BRIEF HISTORY of that time YOU USED WEBFONTS

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@zachleat zachleat.com

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IN THE BEGINNING 4,500,000,000 Years Ago

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IN THE BEGINNING 4,500,000,000 Years Ago IN 1995

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IN THE BEGINNING 4,500,000,000 Years Ago VERDANA GEORGIA COURIER NEW TIMES NEW ROMAN IMPACT COMIC SANS MS THERE WAS ARIAL IN 1995

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http://acumin.typekit.com/

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FAST FORWARD TO TODAY

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: Open Sans; src: url('opensans.woff2') format('woff2'), url('opensans.woff') format('woff'); }

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N C T @

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N T O F C A F E @ -

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56% http://httparchive.org/trends.php OF WEB SITES

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http://httparchive.org/trends.php AVERAGE PAYLOAD 105KB

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0 350 700 1050 1400 CSS javaScript Images WebFonts TRANSFER SIZE

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REMOVE AN IMAGE! JAVASCRIPT SIZE? WORRIED ABOUT

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REMOVE AN IMAGE! JAVASCRIPT SIZE? WORRIED ABOUT

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NOT ALL REQUESTS ARE CREATED EQUAL

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PERCEIVED PERFORMANCE

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IMG

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CSS

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JavaScript

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WEB FONT

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: Open Sans; src: url('opensans.woff2') format('woff2'), url('opensans.woff') format('woff'); }

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IS 30% SMALLER THAN WOFF On average across all of Google Fonts: https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/j27Ou4RtvQI/discussion WOFF2

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Woff caniuse.com 6 5 7.5 7

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62% 38% 4.3 and below 4.4+ WOFF

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: Open Sans; src: url('opensans.woff2') format('woff2'), url('opensans.woff') format('woff'), url('opensans.otf') format('opentype'); }

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: Open Sans; src: url('opensans.woff2') format('woff2'), url('opensans.woff') format('woff'); }

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dAY 0 since last pluralization ERROR

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IF NOT USED NOT DOWNLOADED

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Content.

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36+ 23+ 6.1+ 2.3+ 7+ DOWNLOADS WITH

28+ 9+ DOWNLOADS WITH

Content

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RESTRICT TO SPECIFIC CHARACTERS

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: Ampersand; src: url('ampersand.woff2') format('woff2'), url('ampersand.woff') format('woff'); unicode-‐range: U+26; } unicode- range

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Needs an _ Ampersand serif p { font-‐family: Ampersand, serif; }

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unicode- range 36 9+ 23 8+ 2.1+ 8+ Supported Supported with SMART DOWNLOAD NOT SUPPORTED

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EXACT MATCH ON Font-Family ✔ @FONT-FACE DOWNLOAD CHECKLIST

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EXACT MATCH ON Font-Family USED ON AN ELEMENT IN THE DOCUMENT ✔ ✔ @FONT-FACE DOWNLOAD CHECKLIST

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EXACT MATCH ON Font-Family USED ON AN ELEMENT IN THE DOCUMENT ELEMENT HAS CONTENT ✔ ✔ @FONT-FACE DOWNLOAD CHECKLIST ✔

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EXACT MATCH ON Font-Family USED ON AN ELEMENT IN THE DOCUMENT ELEMENT HAS CONTENT CONTENT IS WITHIN UNICODE-RANGE ✔ ✔ @FONT-FACE DOWNLOAD CHECKLIST ✔ ✔

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http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-fonts/ FONT-WEIGHT FONT-STYLE EXACT MATCH

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐weight: 400; font-‐style: normal; } p { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐weight: 400; font-‐style: normal; } ✔

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐weight: 600; } p { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐weight: 100; } ✘

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MisMatch weight 600 Available, 100 assigned, FORCED BOLD p { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐weight: 100; } @font-‐face { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐weight: 600; } ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔

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MISMATCH STYLE ITALIC AVAILABLE, NORMAL ASSIGNED, FORCED ITALIC p { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐style: normal; } @font-‐face { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐style: italic; } ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔

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100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 FONT-WEIGHT

‐ ‐ Normal/Roman Bold @font-‐face ‑

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐weight: 500; } p { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐weight: 600; } ✘

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FAUX BOLD p { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐weight: 600; } @font-‐face { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐weight: 500; }

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FAUX ITALIC p { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐style: italic; } @font-‐face { font-‐family: My Web Font; font-‐style: normal; }

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@font-‐face { font-‐weight: 400; font-‐style: normal; }

Roman Text Bold Text Italic Text

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FONT-SYNTHESIS https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/font-synthesis

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http://stateofwebtype.com/

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LET’s LOOK at a REAL WORLD EXAMPLE

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instagram.com 6 @font-face BLOCKS

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.page-‐home .content .home-‐login i { font-‐style: normal; }

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TRIGGER A FONT DOWNLOAD BEHAVIOR WHILE DOWNLOADING

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LOCAL FONT { @FONT-FACE {

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Flash of Invisible Text F O I T

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FOIT

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http://www.webpagetest.org/video/compare.php?tests=141205_VE_STK-r:1-c:0

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http://www.webpagetest.org/video/compare.php?tests=141205_VE_STK-r:1-c:0

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People will visit a Web site less often if it is slower than a close competitor by more than 250 milliseconds.” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/01/technology/impatient-web-users-ﬂee-slow-loading-sites.html “

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https://twitter.com/zoompf/status/578901383253995520

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http://www.webpagetest.org/video/compare.php?tests=141209_AY_Z79-r:1-c:0

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http://www.webpagetest.org/video/compare.php?tests=141209_AY_Z79-r:1-c:0

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FONT REQUESTs ARE A SINGLE POINT OF FAILURE

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STOP BUTTON HAS NO EFFECT

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LOCAL FONT { @FONT-FACE {

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Flash of UNSTYLED Text F O U T

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FOUT

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IS 3 SECONDS A GOOD TIMEOUT?

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40% abandon your website before it finishes loading 13 children are born 10,200,000 Emails are sent

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WARNING THE NEXT SLIDE CONTAINS GRAPHIC IMAGERY THAT SOME VIEWERS MAY FIND DISTURBING

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♥ and

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LOCAL FONT { @FONT-FACE {

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ANTI- PATTERNS A N TI-PA TTER N

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CSS ONLOAD A N TI-PA TTER N

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h1 { font-‐family: serif; } .loaded h1 { font-‐family: My Web Font; } A N TI-PA TTER N

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BLOCKING FONTS.CSS Blocking FONT REQUESTS onload DEFAULT BROWSER BEHAVIOR DANGER ZONE A N TI-PA TTER N

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ASYNC- CSSwith DATA-URIS A N TI-PA TTER N

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filamentgroup / loadcss https://github.com/filamentgroup/loadCSS

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: My Web Font; src: url('data:application/x-‐font-‐ woff;charset=utf-‐8;base64,...') format('woff'); } @font-‐face { font-‐family: My Web Font; src: url('data:application/x-‐font-‐ woff;charset=utf-‐8;base64,...') format('woff'); font-‐weight: 700; } A N TI-PA TTER N

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ASYNC FONTS.CSS REPAINT DEFAULT BROWSER BEHAVIOR DANGER ZONE A N TI-PA TTER N

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A N TI-PA TTER N

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INLINE DATA URIS WITH MAIN CSS A N TI-PA TTER N

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A N TI-PA TTER N

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ONE 50KB CSS REQUEST A N TI-PA TTER N

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NOT JUST A PERFORMANCE PROBLEM

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https://twitter.com/jmuspratt/status/561239961924403200 Read more: http://zachleat.com/web/mitt-romney-webfont-problem/ A N TI-PA TTER N

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https://twitter.com/jmuspratt/status/561239961924403200 Read more: http://zachleat.com/web/mitt-romney-webfont-problem/ A N TI-PA TTER N

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https://twitter.com/jmuspratt/status/561239961924403200 Read more: http://zachleat.com/web/mitt-romney-webfont-problem/ A N TI-PA TTER N

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USING FONT ICONS A N TI-PA TTER N

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A N TI-PA TTER N

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https://twitter.com/raganwald/status/452092613529567233 GitHub A N TI-PA TTER N

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A N TI-PA TTER N

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READ AS x2261 ≡ IDENTICAL TO x2605 ★ BLACK STAR or STAR x2665 ♥ HEART SUIT ACCESSIBILITY A N TI-PA TTER N

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REPLACE YOUR FONT ICONS WITH SVG

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EMBRACE MORE FOUT

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AT A BARE MINIMUM ADD A TIMEOUT

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EVEN BETTER EMBRACE FULL FOUT

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font-DISPLAY CSS DESCRIPTOR https://tabatkins.github.io/specs/css-font-display/ from Kenji Baheux, Tab Atkins

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: Open Sans; /* full FOUT */ font-‐display: swap; }

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: Open Sans; /* 100ms maximum FOIT */ /* Do not repaint after 3s */ font-‐display: fallback; }

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@font-‐face { font-‐family: Open Sans; /* 100ms maximum FOIT */ /* never FOUT */ /* if not in cache, use fallback */ font-‐display: optional; }

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CSS Font Loading http://dev.w3.org/csswg/css-font-loading/

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FONTFACEONLOAD github.com/zachleat/fontfaceonload USES THE CSS FONT LOADING API WHEN AVAILABLE. FONTFACEOBSERVER github.com/bramstein/fontfaceobserver/ INCLUDES A NICE PROMISES POLYFILL

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var doc = document, docEl = doc.documentElement; doc.fonts.load("1em Raleway") .then(function() { // The font has loaded. docEl.className += " raleway-‐loaded"; });

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body { font-‐family: sans-‐serif; } .raleway-‐loaded body { font-‐family: Raleway, sans-‐serif; }

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FONT REQUEST DEFAULT BROWSER BEHAVIOR DANGER ZONE REPAINT

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FONT REQUEST FORCE FONT LOAD REPAINT

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https://twitter.com/jmuspratt/status/561239961924403200

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FONT REQUESTS REPAINT REPAINT MITT ROMNEY FONT LOADING DANGER ZONE

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ONE REPAINT TO RULE THEM ALL

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Promise.all([ document.fonts.load("400 1em Raleway"), document.fonts.load("700 1em Raleway") ]).then(function () { docEl.className += " raleway-‐loaded"; }); ‑ document.fonts.load("1em Raleway").then(function() { docEl.className += " raleway-‐loaded"; }); BECOMES

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MITT ROMNEY FONT LOADING DANGER ZONE FONT REQUESTS REPAINT REPAINT

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FONT REQUESTS REPAINT REPAINT

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FALLBACKS ARE IMPORTANT

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fontfamily.io

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MINIMIZE THE FALLBACK to WEBFONT REFLOW

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font-‐family FALLBACK STYLE font-‐size font-‐size-‐adjust line-‐height

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EASE THE TRANSITION FROM FALLBACK TO WEBFONT

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THE DEFAULT BROWSER BEHAVIOR FOR FONT-LOADING IS HARMFUL TO CONTENT ON THE WEB. FONT-LOADING