Groovy on Android -- Groovy Grails eXchange 2014

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Groovy on Android Guillaume Laforge Groovy project lead @glaforge

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Total Android Newbie!

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Android is in the Java stone age state

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Is there something we can do about it?

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Yes, Groovy!

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New York Times — Getting Groovy with Android 4

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New York Times — Getting Groovy with Android 4 http://bit.ly/nyt-groovy

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New York Times — Getting Groovy with Android 5

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New York Times — Getting Groovy with Android 5 New York Times recruits a Groovy / Android expert http://bit.ly/nyt-job

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What does NYT likes about Groovy on Android? • No Java 8, no lambda on Android… 6 Func0 func = new Func0() { @Override public String call() { return "my content"; } }; Async.start(func);

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What does NYT likes about Groovy on Android? • No Java 8, no lambda on Android… 7 Async.start { "my content" }

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What does NYT likes about Groovy on Android? • No Java 8, no lambda on Android… 7 Async.start { "my content" } Good bye annonymous inner classes!

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What does NYT likes about Groovy on Android? • Groovy code more concise and more readable • but just as type-safe as needed!  (with @TypeChecked) • but just as fast as needed!  (with @CompileStatic) 8

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@glaforge — Groovy on Android Brief overview of Groovy

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@glaforge — Groovy on Android Brief overview of Groovy You probably know it through Gradle already!

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Open-source project (Apache 2 licensed) • http://groovy.codehaus.org/ • http://beta.groovy-lang.org/ 10

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Open-source project (Apache 2 licensed) • http://groovy.codehaus.org/ • http://beta.groovy-lang.org/ 10 New « shiny » website coming soon!

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Alternative language   for the JVM 11

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Alternative language   for the JVM 11 An alternative language for the JVM

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Alternative language   for the JVM 11 With 3 million downloads a year

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Closely   resembles   Java 12

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Closely   resembles   Java 12 Java code is also valid Groovy code!

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Closely   resembles   Java 12 But Groovy goes beyond!

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Multiple   programming   flavors 13

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Multiple   programming   flavors 13 Object-oriented

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Multiple   programming   flavors 13 Dynamic

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Multiple   programming   flavors 13 Functional

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Multiple   programming   flavors 13 Statically type checked and / or compiled

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Seamless Java integration  & interoperability 14

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Groovy — a multi-faceted language Seamless Java integration  & interoperability 14 No bridge to cross between languages

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@glaforge — Groovy on Android Let’s get started?

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With a Hello World? 16

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Android Studio 17

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Android Studio 17 Click on « New Project »

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Android Studio 18

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Android Studio 18 Fill in the project details

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Android Studio 19

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Android Studio 19 Choose your target platform

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Android Studio 20

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Android Studio 20 Create a   blank activity

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Android Studio 21

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Android Studio 21 Details for your new activity

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Android Studio 22

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Android Studio 22 Now let’s have fun!

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Modify your app’s Gradle build 23 apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 20 buildToolsVersion "20.0.0" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.appspot.glaforge.hellogroovyworld" minSdkVersion 15 targetSdkVersion 20 versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" } buildTypes { release { runProguard false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'),   'proguard-rules.pro' } } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) } buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.12.2' classpath 'me.champeau.gradle:gradle-groovy-android-plugin:0.3.0' } }

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Modify your app’s Gradle build 23 apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 20 buildToolsVersion "20.0.0" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.appspot.glaforge.hellogroovyworld" minSdkVersion 15 targetSdkVersion 20 versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" } buildTypes { release { runProguard false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'),   'proguard-rules.pro' } } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) } apply plugin: 'me.champeau.gradle.groovy-android' buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.12.2' classpath 'me.champeau.gradle:gradle-groovy-android-plugin:0.3.0' } }

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Modify your app’s Gradle build 23 apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 20 buildToolsVersion "20.0.0" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.appspot.glaforge.hellogroovyworld" minSdkVersion 15 targetSdkVersion 20 versionCode 1 versionName "1.0" } buildTypes { release { runProguard false proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'),   'proguard-rules.pro' } } } dependencies { compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) } compile 'org.codehaus.groovy:groovy:2.4.0-beta-3:grooid' apply plugin: 'me.champeau.gradle.groovy-android' buildscript { repositories { jcenter() } dependencies { classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:0.12.2' classpath 'me.champeau.gradle:gradle-groovy-android-plugin:0.3.0' } }

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Java to Groovy… • Rename your activity from .java to .groovy • Remove… • public and return keywords • some parentheses • use the property notation • getMenuInflater() becomes menuInflater • use interpolated strings • and more. 24

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Java to Groovy… 25 import android.app.Activity import android.os.Bundle import android.view.* class HelloGroovyWorld extends Activity { protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate savedInstanceState setContentView R.layout.activity_hello_groovy_world } boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) { menuInflater.inflate R.menu.hello_groovy_world, menu true } boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) { int id = item.itemId if (id == R.id.action_settings) { return true } super.onOptionsItemSelected item }

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Run your Groovy-powered app in the emulator 26

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What about weight? On a demo application (conference agenda) 27 Artifact Size Groovy JAR 4.5 MB Generated APK 2 MB After ProGuard 1 MB (8K methods)

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ProGuard rules 28 -dontobfuscate -keep class org.codehaus.groovy.vmplugin.** -keep class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.dgm* -keepclassmembers class org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.dgm* { *; } -keepclassmembers class ** implements org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.GeneratedClosure { *; } -dontwarn org.codehaus.groovy.** -dontwarn groovy**

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@glaforge — Groovy on Android How does the Groovy support work?

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Standard process 30 Compile-time Runtime

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Standard process 30 Compile-time Runtime .class

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Standard process 30 Compile-time Runtime .class .dex

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Standard process 30 Compile-time Runtime .class .dex .apk

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Standard process 30 Compile-time Runtime .class .dex .apk

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First attempt — DiscoBot 31 Compile-time Runtime

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First attempt — DiscoBot 31 Compile-time Runtime .apk

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First attempt — DiscoBot 31 Compile-time Runtime .class .apk

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First attempt — DiscoBot 31 Compile-time Runtime .class .jar .apk

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First attempt — DiscoBot 31 Compile-time Runtime .class .jar .dex .apk

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First attempt — DiscoBot 31 Compile-time Runtime .class .jar .dex .apk

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First attempt — DiscoBot 31 Compile-time Runtime .class .jar .dex .apk « Ruboto » approach, slow & inneficient

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New process — just like Java! 32 Compile-time Runtime

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New process — just like Java! 32 Compile-time Runtime .class

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New process — just like Java! 32 Compile-time Runtime .class .dex

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New process — just like Java! 32 Compile-time Runtime .class .dex .apk

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New process — just like Java! 32 Compile-time Runtime .class .dex .apk

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Evaluating Groovy code at runtime 33 Compile-time Runtime .class .dex .apk

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Evaluating Groovy code at runtime 33 Compile-time Runtime .class .dex .apk .class

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Evaluating Groovy code at runtime 33 Compile-time Runtime .class .dex .apk .class .jar

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Evaluating Groovy code at runtime 33 Compile-time Runtime .class .dex .apk .class .jar .dex

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Evaluating Groovy code at runtime 33 Compile-time Runtime .class .dex .apk .class .jar .dex

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@glaforge — Groovy on Android What does Groovy bring?

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What does Groovy bring? 35 Optional

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What does Groovy bring? 35 Optional Semi-colons

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What does Groovy bring? 35 Optional Parentheses

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What does Groovy bring? 35 Optional Typing

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What does Groovy bring? 35 Optional return keyworkd

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What does Groovy bring? 35 Optional public keyworkd

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From Java to Groovy… 36 public class Greeter { private String owner; public String getOwner() { return owner; } public void setOwner(String owner) { this.owner = owner; } public String greet(String name) { return "Hello " + name + ", I am " + owner; } } Greeter greeter = new Greeter(); greeter.setOwner("Guillaume"); System.out.println(greeter.greet("Marion")); class Greeter { String owner String greet(String name) { "Hello ${name}, I am ${owner}" } } def greeter = new Greeter(owner: "Guillaume") println greeter.greet("Marion")

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Special Groovy syntax sugar — special operators 37

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Special Groovy syntax sugar — special operators 37 // Groovy truth // if (s != null && s.length() > 0) {...} if (s) { ... } // Elvis def name = person.name ?: "unknown" // save navigation order?.lineItem?.item?.name

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Special Groovy syntax sugar — collections, regex, closures 38 // lists def list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] // maps def map = [a: 1, b: 2, c: 3] // regular expressions def regex = ~/.*foo.*/ // ranges def range 128..255 // closures def adder = { a, b -> a + b }

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Builders

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Builders With closures come Groovy « builders »!

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Groovy builders — XML, JSON… Android views & layouts! 40 import groovy.json.* def json = new JsonBuilder() json.person { name 'Guillaume' age 37 daughters 'Marion', 'Erine' address { street '1 Main St' zip 75001 city 'Paris' } } { "person": { "name": "Guillaume", "age": 37, "daughters": [ "Marion", "Erine" ], "address": { "street": "1 Main St", "zip": 75001, "city": "Paris" } } }

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HTTP GET and JSON parsing in 4 lines 41 import groovy.json.* def url = "https://api.github.com/repos" +  "groovy/groovy-core/commits" def commits = new JsonSlurper().parseText(url.toURL().text) assert commits[0].commit.author.name == 'Cedric Champeau'

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Annotations

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Annotations Actually, code transformations triggered by annotations

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Annotations Actually, code transformations triggered by annotations No APT, sorry!

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AST transformations — only a short list! Code generation • @ToString • @EqualsAndHashCode • @Canonical • @TupleConstructor • @InheritConstructors • @Category • @Lazy • @Sortable • @Builder Class design • @Delegate • @Immutable • @Memoized • @Singleton Compiler directives • @AnnotationCollector • @DelegatesTo • @TypeChecked • @CompileStatic • @TailRecursive 43

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AST transformations — @Immutable Implement immutability by the book • final class • tuple-style constructor • private final backing fields • defensive copying of collections • equals() and hashCode() methods • toString() method • ... 44

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AST transformations — @Immutable • A person class • a String name • an int age 45 public final class Person { private final String name; private final int age; public Person(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public int hashCode() { return age + 31 * name.hashCode(); } public boolean equals(Object other) { if (other == null) { return false; } if (this == other) { return true; } if (Person.class != other.getClass()) { return false; } Person otherPerson = (Person)other; if (!name.equals(otherPerson.getName()) { return false; } if (age != otherPerson.getAge()) { return false; } return true; } public String toString() { return "Person(" + name + ", " + age + ")"; } }

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AST transformations — @Immutable • A person class • a String name • an int age 46 import groovy.transform.* @Immutable class Person { String name int age }

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AST transformations 47

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AST transformations 47 Groovy allows you to be lazy

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AST transformations 47 The compiler will do the job for you

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AST transformations 47 More concise, more readable code

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AST transformations 47 Less stuff to maintain and worry about

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Traits • Like interfaces, but with method bodies – similar to Java 8 interface default methods • Elegant way to compose behavior – multiple inheritance without the « diamond » problem • Traits can also be stateful – traits can have properties like normal classes • Compatible with static typing and static compilation – class methods from traits also visible from Java classes • Also possible to implement traits at runtime 48

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Traits — example: melix / speakertime 49 @CompileStatic class PresentationActivity extends Activity implements GoogleApiProvider { // ... protected void onCreate(Bundle savedState) { super.onCreate(savedState) // ... createGoogleApi() } protected void onStart() { super.onStart() connectGoogleApi() } protected void onStop() { super.onStop() disconnectGoogleApi() } // ... @CompileStatic trait GoogleApiProvider { GoogleApiClient googleApiClient void createGoogleApi() { /* ... */ } void connectGoogleApi() { /* ... */ } void disconnectGoogleApi() { /* ... */ } }

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Compare Java and Groovy 50

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Compare Java and Groovy 50

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Event listeners 51 button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { Log.i(tag, "clicked!") } })

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Event listeners 51 button.onClickListener = { Log.i(tag, "clicked!") } button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { Log.i(tag, "clicked!") } })

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Properties and equality 52 if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_VIEW)) { Log.i(tag, "view"); }

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Properties and equality 52 if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_VIEW)) { Log.i(tag, "view"); } if (intent.action == Intent.ACTION_VIEW) { Log.i(tag, "view") }

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Groovy Development Kit methods 53 new Thread() { public void run() { // … } }.start();

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Groovy Development Kit methods 53 new Thread() { public void run() { // … } }.start(); Thread.start { // … }

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Groovy’s with {} method 54 view = new TextView(context); view.setText(name); view.setTextSize(16f); view.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);

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Groovy’s with {} method 54 view = new TextView(context); view.setText(name); view.setTextSize(16f); view.setTextColor(Color.WHITE); view = new TextView(context) view.with { text = name textSize = 16f textColor = Color.WHITE }

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Groovy Truth and GStrings 55 EditText phone = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.phone); if ((phone.getText() != null) && !phone.getText().equals("")) { String phoneString = parsePhone(phone.getText().toString()); Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, Uri.parse("tel:" + phoneString)); startActivity(intent); } EditText phone = findViewById(R.id.phone) if (phone.text) { def phoneString = parsePhone(phone.text) def intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_CALL, Uri.parse("tel:${phoneString}")) startActivity intent }

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Resource handling with closures and file methods 56 File f = new File("/sdcard/dir/f.txt"); if (f.exists() && f.canRead()) { FileInputStream fis = null; try { fis = new FileInputStream(rFile); byte[] bytes = new byte[fis.available()]; while (fis.read(bytes) != -1) {} textView.setText(new String(bytes)); } catch (IOException e) { // log and or handle } finally { if (fis != null) { try { fis.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // swallow } } } } def f = new File("/sdcard/dir/f.txt") if (f.exists() && f.canRead()) { f.withInputStream { fis -> def bytes = new byte[fis.available()] while (fis.read(bytes) != -1) {} textView.text = new String(bytes) } }

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@glaforge — Groovy on Android What else?

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What else? • Projects with dedicated Groovy support • Swiss Knife • similar to Butter Knife &   Android Annotations • Grooid Playground • a builder for creating views  in a hierarchical & visual manner 58

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Swiss Knife — Arasthel / SwissKnife 59

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Swiss Knife — Arasthel / SwissKnife 59 Like Butter Knife & Android Annotations, but for Groovy

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Swiss Knife 60 class MyActivity extends Activity { @OnClick(R.id.button) void onButtonClicked(Button button) { Toast.makeText(this, "Clicked", Toast.LENGTH_SHOT).show() } @OnBackground void doSomeProcessing(URL url) { // Contents will be executed on background } @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate savedInstanceState setContentView R.layout.activity_main SwissKnife.inject this } }

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Swiss Knife — available annotations • @OnUIThread • @OnBackground • @OnClick • @OnLongClick • @OnItemClick • @OnItemLongClick • @OnItemSelected • @OnChecked • @OnFocusChanged • @OnTouch • @OnPageChanged • @OnTextChanged • @OnEditorAction 61

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Swiss Knife — setup 62 dependencies { … compile 'com.arasthel:swissknife:1.0.4' … }

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Grooid Playground — karfunkel / grooid-playground • When you need to build dynamic views (ie. not XML-driven) 63 def layout = new RelativeLayout(this) layout.width = MATCH_PARENT layout.height = MATCH_PARENT layout.setPaddingRelative(64, 16, 64, 16) def textView = new TextView(this) textView.width = MATCH_PARENT textView.height = 20 textView.setText R.string.hello_world layout.addView textView setContentView(layout)

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Grooid Playground — karfunkel / grooid-playground • When you need to build dynamic views (ie. not XML-driven) 63 setContentView new AndroidBuilder().build(this) { relativeLayout(width: MATCH_PARENT, height: MATCH_PARENT, padding: [64.dip, 16.dip]) { textView(width: MATCH_PARENT, height: 20.dip, text: R.string.hello_world) } } Declarative, hierarchical, visual

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@glaforge — Groovy on Android Want more?

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Programming your Android applications in Groovy • You can use Groovy to code Android apps! • use Groovy 2.4.0-beta-1+ (latest: beta-4) • prefer @CompileStatic • Two great posts to get started: • http://bit.ly/grooid-1 • http://bit.ly/grooid-2 • Gradle plugin support: • http://bit.ly/grooid-gradle 65

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Demo conference application 66

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Demo conference application 66 Source code available: http://bit.ly/grooid-app

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Demo Google Wear + Phone application 67

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Demo Google Wear + Phone application 67 Source code available: http://bit.ly/grooid-wear

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@glaforge — Groovy on Android Summary

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Summary • Groovy can make your Android code… • more concise & readable • more maintainable • Without compromising • type safety • speed 69

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Feedback welcome 70

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Feedback welcome 70 We need you to help figure out how Groovy can help you!

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@glaforge — Groovy on Android Q & A

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No content

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Image credits • Stone age • http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-lMDyyBdibG4/UxDYLq5ItiI/AAAAAAAALf8/HPpKRixHOIE/s1600/Neanderthal+Man+1.jpg • Many thanks • http://www.trys.ie/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/many-thanks.jpg • Disclaimer • http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RGnBpjXTCQA/Tj2h_JsLigI/AAAAAAAABbg/AB5ZZYzuE5w/s1600/disclaimer.jpg • Builders • http://detroittraining.com/wp-content/uploads/Construction-Women2.jpg • Newbie • http://contently.com/strategist/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/bigstock-Shocked-Computer-Nerd-1520709.jpg • Alternative rock band • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Arcade_Fire_live_20050315.ext.jpg • Twins • http://images.doctissimo.fr/1/jumeaux-jumelles/photo/hd/4424027442/137540656da/jumeaux-jumelles-jumeaux-jumelles-2-big.jpg • Annotations • http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-f94n9BHko_s/T35ELs7nYvI/AAAAAAAAAKg/qe06LRPH9U4/s1600/IMG_1721.JPG • Apple & Orange • http://cdni.wired.co.uk/1920x1280/a_c/comparison.jpg • We need you • http://media.moddb.com/images/mods/1/14/13849/WickedSunshine_UncleSam_Blank_800x1000.png 73

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Image credits • Macarons • http://www.thatfoodcray.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/that-food-cray-pierre-herme-paris-hong-kong-christmas-flavors-foie-gras- truffle-9.jpg?4dd047 • Bridge • http://tenspeedhero.com/wp-content/uploads/Bridge_3.jpg • Swiss knife • http://www.formengifts.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/swiss-army-champ-multitool-knife2.jpg • Hello World • http://www.warrenpriestley.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/helloworld.gif • George Clooney • http://www.brewville.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/nespresso-george-clooney.jpg • Weight scale • http://images.wisegeek.com/person-stands-on-scale.jpg • Nexus 5 • http://fs01.androidpit.info/userfiles/2692059/image/Blog/nexus-5-weiss_628.jpg • File icon • https://dl.vecnet.org/assets/default.png • Gear • http://www.pvzgears.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/gears2a.png • Sugar • http://images.wisegeek.com/cane-sugar.jpg • London • http://www.100percentoptical.com/images/2014/10/london.jpg 74