Unit Testing Android Apps

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@felipecsl Unit Testing Android Apps

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8MM+ downloads 210k reviews 4.5 ★ average rating

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Android app 2 developers

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Android não foi desenhado com testabilidade em mente.

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2. Técnicas 3. Ferramentas 1. Motivação

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1. Motivação

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Você ainda não está convencido do valor de escrever testes automatizados. Premissa

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Tranquilidade: Consigo dormir à noite?

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Maintainability: Consigo alterar o código facilmente?

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O que causa Débito Técnico? The three sins of software development: http://blog.ionelmc.ro/2014/08/14/the-three-sins-of-software-development/

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Medo “Melhor não mexer nesse código…"

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Arrogância “Eu sei o que estou fazendo!”

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Estimativas irreais “Isso é barbada.”

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Não se trata de encontrar bugs

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TDD é um processo de design

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Código bem desenhado é facilmente testável

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S.O.L.I.D.

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http://www.agileapps.co.uk/methodology/continuous.html Red, Green, Refactor

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#isTDDdead http://martinfowler.com/articles/is-tdd-dead/ http://david.heinemeierhansson.com/2014/tdd-is-dead-long-live-testing.html http://blog.8thlight.com/uncle-bob/2014/04/25/MonogamousTDD.html

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2. Técnicas

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http://martinfowler.com/bliki/TestPyramid.html

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http://blog.stevensanderson.com/2009/08/24/writing-great-unit-tests-best-and-worst-practises/

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3. Ferramentas

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Testes Unitários

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build.gradle http://gradleplease.appspot.com/ Gradle, please

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build.gradle buildscript { repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { classpath 'org.robolectric:robolectric-gradle-plugin:0.12.0' } } apply plugin: 'robolectric'

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build.gradle android { defaultConfig { // optional testInstrumentationRunner "com.example.MyAppTestRunner" } robolectric { include '**/*Test.class' } // optional sourceSets { androidTest { setRoot('src/test') } } }

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build.gradle dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:20.0.0' // other dev dependencies... androidTestCompile 'junit:junit:4.10' androidTestCompile 'org.robolectric:robolectric:2.4-SNAPSHOT' androidTestCompile 'org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5' androidTestCompile 'org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3' }

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JUnit + Hamcrest @Config(emulateSdk = 18) @RunWith(MyTestRunner.class) public class UserTest { private User user; @Before public void setUp() { user = new User(); user.setId(3); } @Test public void userShouldPersistFields() { assertFalse(user.isPublicAccount()); assertThat(user.getId(), equalTo(3)); } }

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Robolectric Shadow Objects

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Robolectric @RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class) @Test public void shouldHaveALogo() throws Exception { ImageView pivotalLogo = (ImageView) activity.findViewById(R.id.pivotal_logo); ShadowImageView shadowPivotalLogo = Robolectric.shadowOf(pivotalLogo); assertThat(shadowPivotalLogo.resourceId, equalTo(R.drawable.pivotallabs_logo)); }

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Mockito @Before public void setUp() { HttpClient httpClient = mock(httpClient.class); ApiEndpoint endpoint = new ApiEndpoint(httpClient); } @Test public void userShouldPersistFields() { when(httpClient.get("/users/2")).thenReturn(new User()); endpoint.getUser(2); verify(httpClient).get("/users/2"); }

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http://www.confreaks.com/videos/659-rubyconf2011-why-you-don-t-get-mock-objects Assert on messages, not state. Mocks

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Rodando testes ./gradlew test

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Rodando uma classe de teste apenas ./gradlew test --tests \ com.example.test.SomeClassTests

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Bonus points: AssertJ Android assertThat(view).isGone(); assertThat(layout).isVisible() .isVertical() .hasChildCount(4) .hasShowDividers(SHOW_DIVIDERS_MIDDLE); https://github.com/square/assertj-android

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Testes Funcionais

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Ferramentas

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Feature: Rating a stand Scenario: Find and rate a stand from the list Given I am on the foodstand list Then I should see a "rating" button Then I should not see "Dixie Burger & Gumbo Soup" When I touch the "rating" button Then I should see "Dixie Burger & Gumbo Soup" When I touch "Dixie Burger & Gumbo Soup" Then I should see details for "Dixie Burger & Gumbo Soup" When I touch the "rate_it" button Then I should see the rating panel When I touch "star5" And I touch "rate" Then "Dixie Burger & Gumbo Soup" should be rated 5 stars