AzureBootcamp2023: Securing Web App using AAD by Damien Bowden

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Securing web applications using Azure AD https://damienbod.com

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HTTPS Certificates TLS 1.2, 1.3 Session Protection, HTTP headers Hosting GDPR, Data breaches Infrastructure security Accounting, MFA and IAM Security governance Security focus of this talk Authentication and Authorization

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Applications with users Applications with no user Secure APIs Azure continuous access evaluation

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Modern security uses Zero Trust Zero Trust is a security strategy. • Verify explicitly (Never trust, always verify) • Least privilege (Blast radius) • Assume breach • Continuous evaluation

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The old way…

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Authentication is the new boundary

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Identity and service principals User identities? Internal and external users Workload identities? In Microsoft Entra, workload identities are applications, service principals, and managed identities. Device identities? Device identities represent devices such as desktop computers, mobile, IoT sensors, and IoT managed devices.

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Identity and service principals We authenticate identities! Human identities user + application is authenticated Machine identities Service principal, application, managed identity or device is authenticated

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Multi/single tenant applications

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Azure App registrations Never mix application permissions and delegated permissions in a single Azure App registration

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Azure App registrations Require a secret, certificate or service managed identity when using admin permissions

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Azure Enterprise applications Avoid multi-tenant Enterprise applications unless required. Grant consent with extreme caution!

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Typical user session Authentication Authorization Signout Session

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USE Standards Don’t implement this yourself, use certified libs, packages, tested

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OAuth2 OpenID Connect Authentication Delegated Authorization

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OpenID Connect • Standard, Specification • Authentication and Authorization • built on top of OAuth2 (access control) • Identity (Person can have n Identities) • UserInfo Endpoint http://openid.net/connect/

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Open ID Connect (OIDC) is supported by almost all systems. Azure AD, Auth0, OKTA, IdentityServer4, google accounts, Openiddict, node-oidc-provider, Azure B2C

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Typical user session Authentication Authorization Signout Session

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Authentication with users

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OpenID Connect Flows in Azure OAuth2 Flows with users http://openid.net/specs/openid- connect-core-1_0.html OpenID Connect Code flow + PKCE with client secret OpenID Connect Hybrid flow OpenID Connect Code flow + PKCE with no secret OAuth Device Flow

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OpenID Connect Authorization Code flow + PKCE + secret • Server to server applications with User • Can keep secrets, is trusted • Client is authenticated • response_type = code

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OIDC Authorization Code flow

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Microsoft.Identity.Web https://github.com/damienbod/AzureADAuthRazorUiServiceApiCertificate

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Microsoft.Identity.Web https://github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-identity-web

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Authorization with no users

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Only TRUSTED applications can do this. Microsoft Identity authentication with no users

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No users http://openid.net/specs/openid- connect-core-1_0.html OAuth2 Resource Owner Credentials Flow Azure Managed Identities On Behalf Of (OBO) Flow

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OAuth2 Resource Owner Credentials Flow • MC to MC applications • trusted client • grant_type=client_credenti al&client_id=xxxxxxxxxx&cli ent_secret=xxxxxxxxxx • Limited user cases

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OAuth2 Resource Owner Credentials Flow

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Microsoft.Identity.Client https://github.com/AzureAD/microsoft-authentication-library-for-dotnet

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Microsoft.Identity.Client "Scope": "api://--clientId--/.default" https://github.com/damienbod/AzureADAuthRazorUiServiceApiCertificate

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Azure Managed identities

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src: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYUKC0mZFqI

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OAuth On Behalf of OBO Flow • - RFC 6749 • https://tools.ietf.org/html/r fc6749 • https://docs.microsoft.com/ en-us/azure/active- directory/develop/v2-oauth2- on-behalf-of-flow

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src: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-on-behalf-of-flow

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Microsoft.Identity.Web https://github.com/damienbod/AzureADAuthRazorUiServiceApiCertificate

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Microsoft.Identity.Web

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Securing APIs

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Azure continuous access & continuous access evaluation

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Using conditional access Create an authentication context using Graph or the Portal 1 Create a Conditional Access | Policies to use the context 2 Force the context in an application 3