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Building a Cloud-Native Bank Matt Heath, Monzo

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⛅

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Hi, I’m Matt

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@mattheath

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Nov 2015 Oct 2018 CUSTOMER
 GROWTH

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1,100,102

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LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! FEB 2015 JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY JUN JUL MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC PRE APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS 50K MAX DEPOSIT WE ARE HERE A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY JUN JUL MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC E APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE AUG
 2016 JAN
 2016 Feb
 2015 APR
 2017 A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! FEB 2015 JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC PRE APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE

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Henrik Kniberg

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Henrik Kniberg

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?

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☁

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⛈

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⛅

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EXTENSIBLE SCALABLE RELIABLE SECURE
 CHEAP FAST

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?

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Application

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Application

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APPLICATION Application

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LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! FEB 2015 JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY JUN JUL MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC PRE APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS 50K MAX DEPOSIT WE ARE HERE A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY JUN JUL MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC E APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE JAN
 2016 Feb
 2015 APR
 2017 A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! FEB 2015 JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC PRE APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE AUG
 2016

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LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! FEB 2015 JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY JUN JUL MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC PRE APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS 50K MAX DEPOSIT WE ARE HERE A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY JUN JUL MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC E APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE JAN
 2016 Feb
 2015 APR
 2017 A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! FEB 2015 JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC PRE APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE AUG
 2016 INTERNAL TEST CARDS

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A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! FEB 2015 JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY JUN JUL MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC PRE APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS 50K MAX DEPOSIT WE ARE HERE A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY JUN JUL MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC E APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE JAN
 2016 Feb
 2015 APR
 2017 PREPAID
 CARD
 LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! FEB 2015 JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC PRE APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE AUG
 2016 INTERNAL TEST CARDS

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A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! FEB 2015 JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY JUN JUL MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC PRE APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS 50K MAX DEPOSIT WE ARE HERE A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY JUN JUL MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC E APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE JAN
 2016 Feb
 2015 APR
 2017 PREPAID
 CARD
 LAUNCH LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE A UK banking licence is authorised by the PRA and regulated by the PRA and FCA1, allowing deposit- taking and balance sheet lending. Once granted, it allows firms to passport across Europe, accessing This is followed by a “mobilisation” phase during which final capital is raised and IT systems are completed, before launching to the public. We received a UK banking licence in August 2016! FEB 2015 JAN 2016 JAN 2017 MAR FEB FEB APR MAR MAR APR MAY APR JUN MAY JUL JUN AUG JUL SEP AUG NOV SEP DEC NOV DEC PRE APPLICATION APPLICATION MOBILISATION LICENCE WITH RESTRICTIONS WE ARE HERE AUG
 2016 INTERNAL TEST CARDS

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☁

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Server

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☁ 
 instance

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instance instance

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instance instance instance instance instance instance

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instance instance instance instance instance instance { { { eu-west-1a eu-west-1b eu-west-1c

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instance instance instance instance instance instance Kubernetes

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instance instance instance instance instance kubelet Kubernetes

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kubelet kubelet kubelet kubelet kubelet kubelet Kubernetes

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kubernetes

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kubernetes pod pod pod pod pod pod pod pod pod pod

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kubernetes service service service service service service service service service service

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kubernetes service service service service service service service service service service

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kubernetes service service service service service service service service service service

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kubernetes service service service service service service service service service service

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kubernetes service service service service service service service service service service service service service

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kubernetes service service service service service service service service service service

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kubernetes service Prometheus service service Kafka linkerd Kafka service service Elasticsearch calico API service

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AWS Public Cloud

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AWS Public Cloud Kubernetes

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AWS Public Cloud Cassandra etc Kubernetes

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AWS Public Cloud Kafka etcd Cassandra etc Elasticsearch Kubernetes Prometheus NSQ

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Monzo Platform

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Monzo Platform

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Monzo Services Monzo Platform

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Feb 2015 Oct 2018 800

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API Gateway

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API

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API Gateway API Service API Service API Service API Service API Service API Service API Service API Service

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API Gateway Accounts Cards Pots Feed Payments …

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API Gateway Accounts Cards Pots Feed Payments … New
 Exciting
 API!!

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Cards Pots Payments … API Gateway Accounts New
 Exciting
 API!! Feed

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Cards Pots Payments … API Gateway Accounts New
 Exciting
 API!! Feed

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API Gateway Accounts Cards Pots Payments … New
 Exciting
 API!! Feed

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Event Driven
 Architecture

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Service A Service B Load Balancer Edge Gateway API Service

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API Service Service A Service B Load Balancer Edge Gateway

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API Service Service A Service B Load Balancer Edge Gateway Service D Service E

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API Service Service A Service B Load Balancer Edge Gateway Service C Service D Service E

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API Service Service A Service B Load Balancer Edge Gateway Service C Service D Service E

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Reliable Communication

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Service Service Service Service

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Service Service Service Service ?

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Service Service Service Service linkerd

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Service linkerd

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Service Service Service Service linkerd

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Service Service Service Service linkerd

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Service Service Service Service linkerd

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Monzo Services Monzo Platform

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Team & Company
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Monzo Services Monzo Platform

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Monzo Services Monzo Platform

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Enforcing Resilience

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Production load tests & Shadow Traffic

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Ship it and iterate. Make changes small, make them often. Technical debt is a useful tool. Solve problems at the root. Do not accept deviant system behaviour. Write code to be read. Write code to be debugged. If you can’t show it’s a bottleneck, don’t optimise it. Unblock others whenever you can. Leave the codebase better than you found it.

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Ship it and iterate. Make changes small, make them often. Technical debt is a useful tool. Solve problems at the root. Do not accept deviant system behaviour. Write code to be read. Write code to be debugged. If you can’t show it’s a bottleneck, don’t optimise it. Unblock others whenever you can. Leave the codebase better than you found it.

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☁

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⛅

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EXTENSIBLE SCALABLE RELIABLE SECURE
 CHEAP FAST

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Simple / small components No single points of failure Minimise critical path Masterless systems Queue deferrable tasks Automate failure correction

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Cross-functional teams Own their systems Empowered to move fast