Polyglot on the JVM with Graal

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Safe Harbor Statement The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. 2

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Graal and Graal VM • A new compiler for HotSpot written in Java and with a focus on speculative optimizations. – Based HotSpot – Aggressive high-level optimizations – JVMCI and Graal included in JDK9 (modified version of JDK8 available via OTN) 5 Graal

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 7 Graal and Graal VM C++ Java HotSpot Compiler Interface Client Server HotSpot JVMCI Graal HotSpot VM Graal VM Compiler Interface Client

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 10 The Ruby Logo is Copyright (c) 2006, Yukihiro Matsumoto. It is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 agreement JS Logo Copyright (c) 2011 Christopher Williams , MIT licence You can distribute the R logo under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license (CC-BY-SA 4.0) or (at your option) the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPL-2).

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • JavaScript – Better ECMAScript2016 score than V8 – Almost same performance as V8 – Fully support for node.js • R – Statistical language 13 • Ruby – Fork of JRuby – 5〜10x better performance • C、C++、Fortran – Native language support via LLVM Graal VM Polyglot

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Truffle • Together with the Graal compiler, Truffle interpreters are automatically just-in-time compiled and programs running on top of them can reach performance of normal Java. • Provides the basic foundation for building abstract-syntax-tree (AST) interpreters that perform self-optimizations at runtime – The included TruffleDSL provides a convenient way to express such optimizations. 15 Framework for implementing languages as simple interpreters

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 16 Fully compatible including native module support! Graal.js Architecture C++ JavaScript Java node modules with only JavaScript node standard library V8 API Thread pool (libeio) Event loop (libev) DNS (c-ares) crypto (OpenSSL) Graal.js JavaScript Engine Adapter V8 API to Graal.js (via JNI) Native extensions node bindings (socket, http, …) node modules with native extensions

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | FastR • Goal: realize the advantages of the Truffle stack for R – Superior performance without resorting to C/C++/Fortran/… – Designed for data-heavy and parallel applications – CRAN / Bioconductor repository support • Not an ”incremental improvement” on GNU R – New execution engine written from scratch, based on Truffle – Designed as a drop-in replacement for GNU R • Speedup over latest GNU R interpreter – Somewhere between 2 and 10x 17 https://github.com/graalvm/fastr

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Completeness 19 ECMAScript 2015 (ES6) (16298 tests/16417 tests) Failing tests are to a large part Unicode Regular Expressions 93.4% ECMAScript 2016 (ES7) Supports exponentiation operator, Array.prototype.includes Fails due to new block-level function declaration and corner- case tests of the spread operator 99.3%

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Oracle Confidential – Internal Classic research benchmarks (Octane) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 V8 (5.4.500.6) Graal.js 20 roughly level with V8

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Classic research benchmarks – 10-20x faster 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 GraalVM JRuby+invokedynamic Ruby 23 Bigger score is better (based on Ruby score) Benchmarks bound by allocation or BigInteger performance

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 25 Simple local variables Vectorisation opportunities Simple floating point arithmetic Basic loops No method calls (except operators) Only types are numerical or boolean

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 27 Smalltalk-style blocks instead of loops Loop bounds are objects instead of simple values Instance variables Logic hidden in methods Arrays

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 28 Arithmetic hidden in core library methods Intermediate objects Hash mapped to an array of arrays, via another array, converted back to a hash Inner loop pixels represented as a hash of r, g, b No local variables, only method calls

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Chunky PNG kernels 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 GraalVM JRuby+invokedynamic Ruby 30 Many of these benchmarks are optimised away entirely by GraalVM

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | JavaScript Interop.eval('application/language', source) value = Interop.import(name) Interop.export(name) // Returns 20 Interop.eval('application/javascript', '14 + 6') 38

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | JavaScript in Ruby Truffle::Interop.eval('application/javascript', "function add(a,b) { return a + b; } Interop.export('add', add.bind(this));") add = Truffle::Interop.import('add') puts add.call(14,2) 40 Uses function defined in JavaScript from Ruby JavaScript Ruby

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Ruby 0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000 6000000 7000000 8000000 9000000 10000000 GraalVM JRuby+invokedynamic Ruby Operations Per Second 45

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Ruby + JavaScript (V8) 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 Ruby (just Ruby) Ruby (Ruby + JS with V8) Operations Per Second 47

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | JRuby + JavaScript (Rhino) 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 JRuby+indy (just Ruby) JRuby+indy (Ruby + JS with Rhino) Operations Per Second 49

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | JRuby + JavaScript (Nashorn) 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 500000 600000 JRuby+indy (just Ruby) JRuby+indy (Ruby + JS with Rhino) JRuby+indy (Ruby + JS with Nashorn) Operations Per Second 51

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Ruby + JavaScript (Graal VM) 0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000 6000000 7000000 8000000 9000000 10000000 GraalVM (just Ruby) GraalVM (Ruby + JS) JRuby+invokedynamic Ruby Operations Per Second 53

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000 6000000 7000000 8000000 9000000 10000000 GraalVM (just Ruby) GraalVM (Ruby + JS) JRuby+indy (just Ruby) JRuby+indy (Ruby + JS with Rhino) JRuby+indy (Ruby + JS with Nashorn) Ruby (just Ruby) Ruby (Ruby + JS with V8) Operations Per Second 54

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000 GraalVM (just Ruby) GraalVM (Ruby + JS) JRuby+indy (just Ruby) JRuby+indy (Ruby + JS with Rhino) JRuby+indy (Ruby + JS with Nashorn) Ruby (just Ruby) Ruby (Ruby + JS with V8) Operations Per Second 55

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Basic Concepts • Common representation of programs • Keep it rich enough to not have to throw away meaning • Common optimization of the representation 60

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | x + y * z + x * y z load_local x load_local y load_local z call * call + pushq %rbp movq %rsp, %rbp movq %rdi, -8(%rbp) movq %rsi, -16(%rbp) movq %rdx, -24(%rbp) movq -16(%rbp), %rax movl %eax, %edx movq -24(%rbp), %rax imull %edx, %eax movq -8(%rbp), %rdx addl %edx, %eax popq %rbp ret 61

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | U U U U U Node Rewriting for Profiling Feedback AST Interpreter Uninitialized Nodes Node Transitions S U I D G Uninitialized Integer Generic Double String T. Würthinger, C. Wimmer, A. Wöß, L. Stadler, G. Duboscq, C. Humer, G. Richards, D. Simon, and M. Wolczko. One VM to rule them all. In Proceedings of Onward!, 2013. 62

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | U U U U U I I I G G Node Rewriting for Profiling Feedback AST Interpreter Rewritten Nodes AST Interpreter Uninitialized Nodes Node Transitions S U I D G Uninitialized Integer Generic Double String T. Würthinger, C. Wimmer, A. Wöß, L. Stadler, G. Duboscq, C. Humer, G. Richards, D. Simon, and M. Wolczko. One VM to rule them all. In Proceedings of Onward!, 2013. 63

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | I I I G G I I I G G Rewriting ng Feedback AST Interpreter Rewritten Nodes Compilation using Partial Evaluation Compiled Code I D Uninitialized Integer Generic Double T. Würthinger, C. Wimmer, A. Wöß, L. Stadler, G. Duboscq, C. Humer, G. Richards, D. Simon, and M. Wolczko. One VM to rule them all. In Proceedings of Onward!, 2013. 64

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | T. Würthinger, C. Wimmer, A. Wöß, L. Stadler, G. Duboscq, C. Humer, G. Richards, D. Simon, and M. Wolczko. One VM to rule them all. In Proceedings of Onward!, 2013. I I I G G I I I G G Deoptimization to AST Interpreter D I Node Rewriting to Update Profiling Feedback 65

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | T. Würthinger, C. Wimmer, A. Wöß, L. Stadler, G. Duboscq, C. Humer, G. Richards, D. Simon, and M. Wolczko. One VM to rule them all. In Proceedings of Onward!, 2013. I I G G D I D G G D I D G G Node Rewriting to Update Profiling Feedback Recompilation using Partial Evaluation 66

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | • Includes: – JVM (RE or DK) – Java – JavaScript – Ruby – R – More in the future • Binary tarball release • Mac or Linux 82 Graal VM – everything in one package today

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Acknowledgements Oracle Danilo Ansaloni Stefan Anzinger Cosmin Basca Daniele Bonetta Matthias Brantner Petr Chalupa Jürgen Christ Laurent Daynès Gilles Duboscq Martin Entlicher Brandon Fish Bastian Hossbach Christian Humer Mick Jordan Vojin Jovanovic Peter Kessler David Leopoldseder Kevin Menard Jakub Podlešák Aleksandar Prokopec Tom Rodriguez Oracle (continued) Roland Schatz Chris Seaton Doug Simon Štěpán Šindelář Zbyněk Šlajchrt Lukas Stadler Codrut Stancu Jan Štola Jaroslav Tulach Michael Van De Vanter Adam Welc Christian Wimmer Christian Wirth Paul Wögerer Mario Wolczko Andreas Wöß Thomas Würthinger JKU Linz Prof. Hanspeter Mössenböck Benoit Daloze Josef Eisl Thomas Feichtinger Matthias Grimmer Christian Häubl Josef Haider Christian Huber Stefan Marr Manuel Rigger Stefan Rumzucker Bernhard Urban University of Edinburgh Christophe Dubach Juan José Fumero Alfonso Ranjeet Singh Toomas Remmelg LaBRI Floréal Morandat University of California, Irvine Prof. Michael Franz Gulfem Savrun Yeniceri Wei Zhang Purdue University Prof. Jan Vitek Tomas Kalibera Petr Maj Lei Zhao T. U. Dortmund Prof. Peter Marwedel Helena Kotthaus Ingo Korb University of California, Davis Prof. Duncan Temple Lang Nicholas Ulle University of Lugano, Switzerland Prof. Walter Binder Sun Haiyang Yudi Zheng Oracle Interns Brian Belleville Miguel Garcia Shams Imam Alexey Karyakin Stephen Kell Andreas Kunft Volker Lanting Gero Leinemann Julian Lettner Joe Nash David Piorkowski Gregor Richards Robert Seilbeck Rifat Shariyar Alumni Erik Eckstein Michael Haupt Christos Kotselidis Hyunjin Lee David Leibs Chris Thalinger Till Westmann

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Copyright © 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Safe Harbor Statement The preceding is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions. The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at the sole discretion of Oracle. 89