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ߦ੓ϓϩηεʹ σʔλ෼ੳΛ औΓೖΕΔͨΊʹ ஌͓͖͍ͬͯͨ ஌ࣝͱࣄྫ Ұൠࣾஂ๏ਓϦϯΫσʔλ ୅දཧࣄ 5IV ྩ࿨ݩ೥౓ ੓ࡦධՁʹؔ͢Δ౷Ұݚम

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ຊࢿྉͷిࢠϑΝΠϧೖखํ๏ nຊࢿྉͰ͸ࢀߟࢿྉͷURLΛೖΕ͍ͯͨΓɺΧϥʔͰͷϏδϡΞϥΠζΛଟ༻͍ͯ͠ ΔͨΊɺిࢠϑΝΠϧͰͷӾཡΛ͓͢͢Ί͍ͨ͠·͢ nຊࢿྉ͸૯຿লͷʮ੓ࡦධՁʹؔ͢Δ౷Ұݚमʯͷެࣜϖʔδ͔Β΋ޙ೔ެ։༧ఆͰ ͕͢ɺ͙͢ʹӾཡ͍ͨ͠ํ͸ҎԼͷURL͔Β͝ཡ௖͚·͢ https://bit.ly/3602N28 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 2

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Enterprise Public Sector Civic Tech Sayoko Shimoyama 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 3

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2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 4 https://public.tableau.com/profile/sayoko.shimoyama.linkdata#!/vizhome/30_32/2018

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໨࣍ 1. ͳͥɺσʔλΛ࢖͏ඞཁ͕͋Δͷ͔ 2. ެڞσʔλͷڞ༗͕΋ͨΒࣾ͢ձతΠϯύΫτ 3. ੓ࡦཱҊͷͨΊͷσʔλ෼ੳͷྲྀΕ 4. σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚ΔΑ͋͘Δצҧ͍ 5. ͓નΊͷจݙɾࢿྉ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 5

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ͳͥɺ σʔλΛ࢖͏ ඞཁ͕͋Δͷ͔ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB

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ͲͪΒͷࣄނͷํ͕ා͍ͱײ͡·͔͢ʁ ඈߦػࣄނ ࣗಈंࣄނ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 7

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࣮ࡍʹࢮ๢ࣄނʹૺ͏֬཰Λௐ΂ͯΈΔͱ… ඈߦػࣄނ 0.00004% ࣗಈंࣄނ 0.00279% 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 8 ೥ͷࠃ಺ͷࣗಈंަ௨ࣄނʹΑΔࢮ๢ऀ਺ɿ ૯ਓޱɿ ग़యݩɿܯࢹி ૯຿ল౷ܭہ ೥ʹੈքͰൃੜͨ͠ඈߦػࣄނ݅਺ɿ೥ؒ૯ϑϥΠτ਺ɿ ग़యݩɿ"WJBUJPO4BGFUZ/FUXPSL ໿ ສ݅ʹճ ى͜Δ֬཰ ໿ ສ݅ʹճ ى͜Δ֬཰ ඈߦػͷ ໿ ഒ

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ʮՄ༻ੑώϡʔϦεςΟοΫʯ ͱݺ͹ΕΔ൑அͷ܏޲͕ݪҼ nਓ͸ɺ͋ΔࣄྫΛࢥ͍ු͔΂΍͚͢Ε͹ɺ ى͜Γ΍͍͢ͱ൑அ͠΍͍͢܏޲͕͋Δ nೝࣝɺཧղɺܾఆͷࡍʹɺ ࢥ͍ग़͠΍͍͢৘ใ͚ͩʹج͍ͮͯ ൑அ͢Δ܏޲Λ ʮՄ༻ੑώϡʔϦεςΟοΫ (Availability heuristic)ʯͱݺͿ nਓ͕ؕΓ΍͍͢ʮೝ஌όΠΞεʯ ͷ͏ͪͷ1ͭ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 9 ඈߦػࣄނ͸େ͖͘ใಓ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͘ɺ ҹ৅ʹ࢒Γ΍͍͢

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ೝ஌όΠΞε =ແҙࣝͳࢥߟͷภΓɾޡΓ ೝ஌όΠΞεʢcognitive biasʣͱ͸ɺ ೝ஌৺ཧֶ΍ࣾձ৺ཧֶͰͷ༷ʑͳ؍࡯ऀޮՌ ͷҰछͰ͋Γɺඇৗʹجຊతͳ౷ܭֶతͳޡΓɺ ࣾձతؼଐͷޡΓɺهԱͷޡΓʢڏِهԱʣͳ Ͳਓ͕ؒ൜͠΍͍͢໰୊Ͱ͋Δɻ సͯ͡ೝ஌όΠΞε͸ɺࣄྫূڌ΍๏తূڌͷ ৴པੑΛେ͖͘࿪ΊΔɻ ग़యɿ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AA%8D%E7%9F%A5%E3%83%90 %E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 10

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ೝ஌όΠΞεͷྫᶃɿ ΞϯΧϦϯάޮՌ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 11

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ೝ஌όΠΞεͷྫᶄɿ αϯΫίετʢຒ຅අ༻ʣ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 12

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Ͳ͏͢Ε͹ೝ஌όΠΞεΛ֎ͤΔ͔ʁ ͲΜͳೝ஌όΠΞε͕͋Δ͔ ஌͓͚ͬͯ͹ؾΛ෇͚ΒΕΔ…ʁ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 13

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໊લͷ෇͍͍ͯΔೝ஌όΠΞε͸190Ҏ্ http://lelang.sites-hosting.com/naklang/method.html 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 14 ৗʹશͯΛ ҙࣝ͢Δͷ͸ ແཧʂʂ

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ೝ஌όΠΞε͸ආ͚ΒΕͳ͍ ࣗ෼΋ɺଞਓ΋ɺೝࣝ΍൑அʹ͸ ৗʹೝ஌όΠΞε͕ ͔͔͍ͬͯΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δ ͱ͍͏લఏͰ͍Δඞཁ͕͋Δ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 15

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ೝ஌όΠΞεରࡦ Ͳ͏͢Ε͹όΠΞε͕͔͔͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱʹؾ෇͖ɺ ਖ਼͍͠൑அʹۙ෇͘͜ͱ͕ग़དྷΔͷ͔ʁ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 16 ओ؍తͳ৘ใ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺ٬؍తͳ৘ใΛ࢖͏

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٬؍త = ୭͕ݟͯ΋େମಉ͡ղऍ͕Ͱ͖Δ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 17 2 ͲͪΒͷೣ͕େ͖͍ʁ 2 ͲͪΒͷೣ͕ՄѪ͍ʁ 0.3m 20m ٬؍త ओ؍త

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਺஋Λ࢖͏ͱղऍͷᴥᴪΛݮΒͤΔ ྫʣ͋Δࢢʹ͓͚Δٹٸୂһ๊͕͍͑ͯͨ՝୊ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 18

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਺஋Λ࢖͏ͱղऍͷᴥᴪΛݮΒͤΔ ࢢ಺ͷ֤ୂͷୂһ1ਓ͋ͨΓͷ ग़ಈ݅਺※ Λࢉग़ͯ͠ൺֱ ※࢖༻σʔλɿফ๷೥ใͷ೥ؒٹٸग़ಈ݅਺×֤ୂͷ഑ଐਓ਺ ࠷େͰ 7.75ഒ ͷࠩ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 19 n ਺ࣈ͸ݴ༿ΑΓ΋ղऍͷ෯͕ڱ͍ n ղऍͷᴥᴪ͕ݴ༿ʹൺ΂ͯ ى͜Γʹ͍͘ ग़యݩɿ$PEFGPS+BQBOσʔλΞΧσϛʔʹ͓͚Δ๭࣏ࣗମͷνʔϜͷ౰೔ൃදࢿྉ

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ױ ऀ ͷ ੜ ଘ ཰ ܦݧ΍Χϯ͚ͩͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ ͦΕΛཪ෇͚Δ٬؍తͳσʔλ͕ඞཁ nEBPMɿEvidence Based Policy Making …ΤϏσϯεʢՊֶతࠜ ڌʣʹج͍ͮͨ੓ࡦཱҊ nEBPM͸ҩֶʢEvidence Based Medicineʣ͔Β೿ੜ ͨ͠ߟ͑ํ • 1989೥ɺ౰࣌Ұൠతʹ࢖༻͞Εͯ ͍ͨෆ੔຺ͷༀͷޮՌΛσʔλΛ औͬͯݕূͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɺ෰༻ʹ Αͬͯࢮ๢཰͕ߴ·Δ͜ͱ͕൑໌ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 20 ౰࣌Ұൠతͳෆ੔຺ͷༀ ϓϥηϘʢِༀʣ ܦݧత஌ࣝͷΈͰ൑அ͢Δ͜ͱͷ ةݥੑ

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σʔλ෼ੳ݁Ռ͕ܦݧ΍ΧϯΛӽ͑ͨྫɿ PredPolʢถࠃͷ൜ࡑൃੜ༧ଌγεςϜʣ nPredPol ͸ΧϦϑΥϧχΞେֶͷݚڀ άϧʔϓ͕։ൃͨ͠൜ࡑ༧ଌγεςϜ nաڈͷ๲େͳ൜ࡑ৘ใͷσʔλϕʔεΛ ΋ͱʹɺকདྷʮ͍ͭɺͲ͜Ͱʯ൜ࡑ͕ ى͖Δͷ͔ɺػցֶशΛϕʔεʹ༧ଌ nϩαϯθϧεࢢܯͷϓϩͷ൜ࡑ෼ੳ׭ͱ PredPolͷ༧ଌΛൺֱͨ͠ͱ͜Ζɺ ൜ࡑ෼ੳ׭ʹൺ΂̎ഒҎ্PredPolͷํ͕ ਖ਼֬ʹ༧ଌͰ͖ͨ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 21 ैདྷͷܦݧ΍ΧϯཔΓͷํ๏Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺ σʔλʹجͮ͘٬؍తͳࠜڌ͔Β൑அ͢Δํ๏΁γϑτ https://www.predpol.com/

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σʔλͰࠜڌΛࣔ͢͜ͱͰ߹ҙܗ੒ΛਐΊͨྫɿ εʔύʔϒϩοΫߏ૝ʢόϧηϩφࢢʣ nόϧηϩφͰ͸ࣗಈंͷަ௨ྔ͕ଟ͘ɺԚછ෺࣭΍CO2ɺ ૽ԻͳͲʹΑΔެ֐͕՝୊ nʮࢢຽத৺౎ࢢʯΛίϯηϓτʹ͔͔͛ɺஈ֊తʹं͕௨ΕΔಓΛ ੍ݶ͢ΔܭըΛ࣮ࢪ nަ௨ྔ΍؀ڥʹؔ͢ΔηϯγϯάσʔλΛ༻͍ͯ෼ੳΛߦ͍ɺ ܭը͕ਐΜͩ৔߹ʹͲͷ͘Β͍໰୊͕վળ͢Δͷ͔ɺ ۩ମతͳ਺஋Ͱࣔ͢͜ͱͰ߹ҙܗ੒Λਪਐ • ަ௨ྔ͕21%ݮ • 94%ͷࢢຽ͕ةݥͳϨϕϧͷཻࢠঢ়෺࣭ʹࡽ͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͸ͳ͘ͳΔ • 73.5%ͷࢢຽ͸ʮ65σγϕϧҎ্ͷ૽ԻʯΛܦݧͤͣʹ͢Ή 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 22 https://citiesofthefuture.eu/superblocks-barcelona-answer-to-car-centric-city/

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ެڞσʔλͷ ڞ༗͕΋ͨΒ͢ ࣾձతΠϯύΫτ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB

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αϯϑϥϯγείࢢ º :FMQ͔Βݟ͑Δ σʔλ͕΋ͨΒࣾ͢ձมֵ nαϯϑϥϯγείࢢͰ͸ɺҿ৯ళʹ ର࣮ͯ͠ࢪͨ͠อ݈Ӵੜݕࠪͷ݁Ռ Λσʔλͱͯ͠ެ։͍ͯ͠Δ n:FMQ͸ͦΕΛαʔϏεʹऔΓࠐΈɺ l)FBMUI 4DPSFzͱͯ͠఺ຬ఺ ͷείΞԽ֤ͯ͠ҿ৯ళͷ ϨϏϡʔϖʔδʹදࣔ n ੈք࠷େڃͷϩʔΧϧϏδωεͷϨϏϡʔαΠτ n ೔ຊͰ͍͏ͱ͜Ζͷʮ৯΂ϩάʯతͳαʔϏε 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"

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4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" αϯϑϥϯγείࢢ º :FMQ͔Βݟ͑Δ σʔλ͕΋ͨΒࣾ͢ձมֵ ӴੜείΞɿ ఺

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4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" :FMQ͸ϢʔβʔʹΑΓ҆৺ɾ҆શΛಧ͚ΒΕΔ αʔϏεΛఏڙՄೳʹ ௚ۙͷอ݈Ӵੜ ݕࠪʹ͓͍ͯҧ൓ ͕߲͋ͬͨ໨ αϯϑϥϯγείࢢ º :FMQ͔Βݟ͑Δ σʔλ͕΋ͨΒࣾ͢ձมֵ

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αϯϑϥϯγείࢢ º :FMQ͔Βݟ͑Δ σʔλ͕΋ͨΒࣾ͢ձมֵ ΋͠αϯϑϥϯγείࢢ͕ Ӵੜௐࠪ݁ՌΛαΠτͰެද͍ͯ͠Δ ͚ͩͩͬͨΒʁ Ұ෦ͷਓ͔͠ݟʹདྷͳ͍ ΋͠:FMQ͕ ಠࣗʹҿ৯ళΛධՁ͢Δ είΞΛ෇͚͍ͯͨΒʁ ެฏੑ͕୲อ͞Εͳ͍ ڧΈɿళฮͷӦۀσʔλ΍ޱίϛ σʔλΛूΊͯɺଟ͘ͷϢʔβ͕ ू·Δ৔Λ͍࣋ͬͯΔ ڧΈɿࢢຽͷ҆શΛकΔͨΊʹ࣮ࢪ ͨ͠ௐࠪ݁Ռͱͯ͠ɺެฏͳσʔλ ΛఏڙͰ͖Δ σʔλ͕ڞ༗͞ΕΔ͜ͱͰ ʮ૊৫Λ௒͑ͯಘҙ෼໺Λ෼୲Ͱ͖ΔࣾձʯʹͳΔ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"

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ߦ੓ͷσʔλ͸୭ʹͰ΋࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹ ެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔඞཁ͕͋Δ nӴੜௐࠪ͸ࢢͷ੫ۚΛ࢖ͬͯӡ༻͞Ε͍ͯΔͷͰɺ ೲ੫ऀ͸౳ͦ͘͠ͷσʔλΛ࢖͏ݖརΛ͍࣋ͬͯΔ n୭Ͱ΋ࣗ༝ʹ࢖͑ΔσʔλͰ͋Δඞཁ͕͋Δ ΋͠αϯϑϥϯγείࢢ͕ :FMQ͚ͩʹӴੜௐࠪ݁ՌσʔλΛ ౉͍ͯͨ͠Βʁ ෆެฏʹର͠ඇ೉͕ूத Φʔϓϯσʔλ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"

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Φʔϓϯσʔλͷఆٛ ࠃɺ஍ํެڞஂମٴͼࣄۀऀ͕อ༗͢Δ׭ຽσʔλͷ͏ͪɺࠃຽ୭΋͕Πϯλʔωοτ౳Λ௨ͯ͡༰қ ʹར༻ʢՃ޻ɺฤूɺ࠶഑෍౳ʣͰ͖ΔΑ͏ɺ࣍ͷ͍ͣΕͷ߲໨ʹ΋֘౰͢ΔܗͰެ։͞ΕͨσʔλΛ Φʔϓϯσʔλͱఆٛ͢Δ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ Ӧར໨తɺඇӦར໨తΛ໰Θͣೋ࣍ར༻Մೳͳϧʔϧ͕ ద༻͞Εͨ΋ͷ ػց൑ಡʹదͨ͠΋ͷ ແঈͰར༻Ͱ͖Δ΋ͷ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"

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l0QFO#Z%FGBVMUz ೥ (ʮΦʔϓϯσʔλݑষʯʹΑΔࠃࡍతͳ߹ҙ ʮ੫ۚΛ࢖ͬͯ࡞ΒΕͨ σʔλ͸શͯެڞࡒͱͯ͠ ެ։͢Δ΂͖Ͱ͋Δʯ ͱ͍͏ߟ͑ํΛ ݪଇͱͯ͠࠾༻ 2020/2/6 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"

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“Φʔϓϯσʔλ” ͱ͸ɺ ݩʑօ͞Μͷ΋ͷͩͬͨσʔλΛ ฦ͢͜ͱͩͱߟ͍͑ͯ·͢ɻ - Miquel Mateu, Open Data Manager of Barcelona City 14-18 June 2016, World Data Viz Challenge 2016, Barcelona 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"

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೥ɿ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐجຊ๏ࢪߦ ˠࠃٴͼ࣏ࣗମ͸ΦʔϓϯσʔλʹऔΓ૊Ή͜ͱ͕ٛ຿෇͚ΒΕͨ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"

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Φʔϓϯσʔλͷҙٛ ࠃຽࢀՃɾ׭ຽڠಇͷਪਐΛ௨ͨ͡ ॾ՝୊ͷղܾɺܦࡁ׆ੑԽ ߦ੓ͷߴ౓Խɾޮ཰Խ ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"

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Φʔϓϯσʔλͷҙٛ ࠃຽࢀՃɾ׭ຽڠಇͷਪਐΛ௨ͨ͡ ॾ՝୊ͷղܾɺܦࡁ׆ੑԽ ߦ੓ͷߴ౓Խɾޮ཰Խ ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"

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ͳͥ׭ຽڠಇ͕ඞཁͳͷ͔ʁ ͜Ε·Ͱ͸ߦ੓͕ެڞαʔϏεӡӦͷओମͩͬͨ 2020/2/6 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" ߦ੓ ॅຽ ੫ۚ ެڞαʔϏε

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ͳͥ׭ຽڠಇ͕ඞཁͳͷ͔ʁ ੫ऩ͕ݮΔͱɺ͜Ε·Ͱ௨ΓͷެڞαʔϏε͸ ҡ࣋Ͱ͖ͳ͘ͳΔ 2020/2/6 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" ߦ੓ ॅຽ ੫ۚ ެڞαʔϏε

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׭ຽڠಇʹΑͬͯ஍ҬΛ࣋ଓՄೳʹ͢Δ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" ߦ੓ ॅຽ ੫ۚ ެڞαʔϏε اۀɾݚڀػؔ ߦ੓͕ಘҙͳ෦෼ɺ ߦ੓ʹ͔͠Ͱ͖ͳ͍ ෦෼ʹूத͢Δ ຽ͕ؒಘҙͳͱ͜Ζ͸ ຽؒʹ೚ͤΔ

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ΦʔϓϯσʔλʹΑͬͯɺ ૊৫Λ௒͑ͯಘҙ෼໺Λ෼୲Ͱ͖Δࣾձ ͕࣮ݱ͢Δ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" ߦ੓ ॅຽ ੫ۚ ެڞαʔϏε اۀɾݚڀػؔ ߦ੓ͷ࣋ͭ৘ใΛ ʮσʔλʯͱ͍͏ ڞ༗ʹదͨ͠ܗͰ ຽؒʹ։์͢Δ OPEN DATA

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ࣄྫɿʮͣ͠Έͪ*OGPʯ ʢ੩Ԭࢢ º τϤλ*5։ൃηϯλʔʣ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB ੩Ԭࢢʮͣ͠Έͪ*OGPʯ nಓ࿏ަ௨৘ใΛ ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽ n௨ߦن੍΍ࡂ֐ൃੜ ͳͲͷσʔλΛ ϦΞϧλΠϜͰ഑৴ τϤλ*5։ൃηϯλʔ nڞಉ࣮ݧͰʮͣ͠Έͪ *OGPʯͷσʔλΛऔಘ ͠ΧʔφϏͰ৘ใ഑৴ ʢσʔλެ։ݩʣ ن੍ؔ࿈σʔλɿ੩Ԭࢢݐઃہಓ࿏෦ಓ࿏อશ՝ ๷ࡂؔ࿈σʔλɿ੩Ԭࢢ૯຿ہةػ؅ཧ૯ࣨ $&')(!",*1% # "" # 7 #13/-5/6 #.54506/+2

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ࣄྫɿʮͣ͠Έͪ*OGPʯ ैདྷ͸ඞཁͳ৘ใΛඞཁͳਓʹಧ͚ΒΕͳ ͔ͬͨ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB ௨ߦن੍ ৘ใ νϥγ΍ެࣜ8FCαΠτ౳Ͱ ৘ใൃ৴ ඞཁͳλΠϛϯάͰ ඞཁͳ৘ใ͕ಘΒΕͳ͍ #&'03& ߦ੓ υϥΠόʔ

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ࣄྫɿʮͣ͠Έͪ*OGPʯ ΦʔϓϯσʔλͰϦΞϧλΠϜʹ৘ใ͕ಧ ͚ΒΕΔΑ͏ʹ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB ௨ߦن੍ Φʔϓϯ σʔλ Φʔϓϯσʔλͱͯ͠ ௨ߦن੍৘ใΛެ։ ඞཁͳλΠϛϯάͰ ࠷৽৘ใ͕ಘΒΕΔ "'5&3 ߦ੓ υϥΠόʔ ຽؒاۀ ΧʔφϏ ։ൃ͍ͯ͠Δ੡඼ʹ ΦʔϓϯσʔλΛࡌͤͯ αʔϏεఏڙ ˞੩ԬࢢͰ͸ΧʔφϏͳͲͷػց͔Β ΦʔϓϯσʔλʹΞΫηεͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ ͢ΔͨΊʹɺ"1* "QQMJDBUJPO 1SPHSBNNJOH*OUFSGBDF ͱ͍͏࢓૊Έ Ͱσʔλ͕ެ։͞Ε͍ͯ·͢

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Φʔϓϯσʔλͷҙٛ ࠃຽࢀՃɾ׭ຽڠಇͷਪਐΛ௨ͨ͡ ॾ՝୊ͷղܾɺܦࡁ׆ੑԽ ߦ੓ͷߴ౓Խɾޮ཰Խ ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽ ͢Δ࡞ۀͷ෼ɺ ࢓ࣄ͕૿͑ΔͷͰ͸ʜʁ

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ࣄྫɿ ৘ใެ։੥ٻͷܰݮʢ੩Ԭࢢʣ ੩ԬࢢͰ͸ɺ৘ใެ։੥ٻ݅਺ͷଟ͔ͬͨ৯඼ӴੜڐՄʹؔ͢ΔσʔλΛΦʔϓϯσʔλͱͯ͠ ެ։͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓɺۀ຿ෛ୲ͷܰݮʹ੒ޭ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB ৯඼ӴੜӦۀؔ܎ڐՄʹ܎Δ৘ใެ։੥ٻ݅਺ʢ੩Ԭࢢʣ ग़యɿ7-&%ʮୈճσʔλӡ༻ݕ౼෼Պձʢ೥݄೔ʣʯ੩ԬࢢϓϨθϯࢿྉΛ΋ͱʹ࡞੒ ೥ؒ ݅ݮ ˣ ໿ ࣌ؒ ۀ຿࣌ؒ࡟ݮ

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τʔλϧίετ͕ߴ͍ͷ͸ͲͪΒʁ ৘ใެ։੥ٻ 74Φʔϓϯσʔλ "ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽ͠ͳ͍৔߹ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅͋ͨΓͷରԠ࣌ؒɿ ࣌ؒ ৬һͷ࣌څɿ ԁ #ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽͨ͠৔߹ σʔλ࡞੒ରԠʢॳظίετʣɿ࣌ؒ σʔλߋ৽ରԠʢຖ݄ʣɿ ࣌ؒ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅਺ʢ೥໨ʣɿ ݅ ੥ٻ݅͋ͨΓͷରԠ࣌ؒɿ ࣌ؒ ৬һͷ࣌څɿ ԁ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB ੩ԬࢢͷσʔλͱώΞϦϯά݁Ռ˞Λࢀߟʹɺඅ༻ΛγϛϡϨʔγϣϯ ˞ओʹରԠ࣌ؒʹؔͯ͠ɺ੩Ԭࢢ৬һ஍Ҭ৘ใԽΞυόΠβʔͷ৽ঙେีࢯʹ৘ใఏڙ௖͖·ͨ͠

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γϛϡϨʔγϣϯ݁Ռɿ ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽ͢Δ͜ͱͰରԠίετΛେ෯ʹ࡟ݮͰ͖Δ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB ೥໨ ೥໨ ೥໨ "ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽ͠ͳ͍৔߹ #ΦʔϓϯσʔλԽͨ͠৔߹

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Φʔϓϯσʔλͷҙٛ ࠃຽࢀՃɾ׭ຽڠಇͷਪਐΛ௨ͨ͡ ॾ՝୊ͷղܾɺܦࡁ׆ੑԽ ߦ੓ͷߴ౓Խɾޮ཰Խ ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB

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ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্͸ lڞ૑zΛਐΊΔͨΊʹඞཁ nڞ૑ $PDSFBUJPO nڞ૑ΛਐΊΔͨΊʹ͸ɺߦ੓ͱຽ͕ؒର౳ͳཱ৔Ͱ࿩͕ Ͱ͖Δඞཁ͕͋Δ nͦͷͨΊʹ͸ɺߦ੓ͱຽؒͷʮ৘ใͷඇରশੑʯ Λղফ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ n٬؍తͳσʔλΛڞ༗ͯ͠ɺಉ͡΋ͷΛݟͳ͕Β࿩͕Ͱ ͖Δͷ͕ϕετ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB

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Φʔϓϯσʔλ͸ ி಺ͰσʔλΛద੾ʹ؅ཧͰ͖ͯ ͍Δ͔Λࣔ͢໾ׂ΋͋Δ nͦ΋ͦ΋ி಺ͰσʔλΛ ͖ͪΜͱ؅ཧͰ͖͍ͯͳ͔ͬͨΒɺ ެ։͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ nෆਖ਼ͷ཈ࢭྗʹ΋ͳΔ͜ͱ͕ ظ଴Ͱ͖Δ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB

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Φʔϓϯσʔλͷҙٛ ࠃຽࢀՃɾ׭ຽڠಇͷਪਐΛ௨ͨ͡ ॾ՝୊ͷղܾɺܦࡁ׆ੑԽ ߦ੓ͷߴ౓Խɾޮ཰Խ ಁ໌ੑɾ৴པͷ޲্ ʲग़యʳʮΦʔϓϯσʔλجຊࢦ਑ʯฏ੒೥݄೔ ߴ౓৘ใ௨৴ωοτϫʔΫࣾձਪਐઓུຊ෦ɾ׭ຽσʔλ׆༻ਪਐઓུձܾٞఆ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB

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4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" https://public.tableau.com/profile/sayoko.shimoyama.linkdata#!/vizhome/5946/sheet0

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4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" https://public.tableau.com/profile/sayoko.shimoyama.linkdata#!/vizhome/5946/sheet0 ࡛ۄݝ Ґ ʢ౎ಓ෎ݝதʣ

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4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" ࡛ۄݝ಺جૅ࣏ࣗମͷ Φʔϓϯσʔλਪਐঢ়گ ʢ೥݄೔࣌఺ʣ 68% 43/63 औ૊ࡁ ະऔ૊ https://public.tableau.com/shared/MBGTPWHPZ?:display_count =y&:origin=viz_share_link

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੓ࡦཱҊͷͨΊͷ σʔλ෼ੳͷྲྀΕ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB

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2020/2/6 ҧ͍Λฉ͔ΕͨΒઆ໌Ͱ͖·͔͢ʁ σʔλ ৘ใ Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 54

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ʮσʔλʯͱ͸ʁ ISOٴͼJISن֨ʹΑΔఆٛ "A reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication, interpretation, or processing.” ৘ใͷදݱͰ͋ͬͯɺ ఻ୡɺղऍ·ͨ͸ॲཧʹద͢ΔΑ͏ʹܗࣜԽ͞Εɺ ࠶౓৘ใͱͯ͠ղऍͰ͖Δ΋ͷ ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en ೔ຊ޻ۀن֨ʮX0001 ৘ใॲཧ༻ޠ-جຊ༻ޠʯhttp://kikakurui.com/x0/X0001-1994-01.html 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 55

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ʮ৘ใʯͱ͸ʁ ISOٴͼJISن֨ʹΑΔఆٛ "Knowledge concerning objects, such as facts, events, things, processes, or ideas, including concepts, that within a certain context has a particular meaning. ࣄ࣮ɼࣄ৅ɼࣄ෺ɼաఔɼண૝ͳͲͷ ର৅෺ʹؔͯ͠஌Γಘͨ͜ͱͰ͋ͬͯɼ ֓೦ΛؚΈɼҰఆͷจ຺தͰಛఆͷҙຯΛ΋ͭ΋ͷɻ ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso-iec:2382:-1:ed-3:en ೔ຊ޻ۀن֨ʮX0001 ৘ใॲཧ༻ޠ-جຊ༻ޠʯhttp://kikakurui.com/x0/X0001-1994-01.html 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 56

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2020/2/6 σʔλ͸ɺ৘ใΛܗࣜԽͨ͠΋ͷ σʔλ ৘ใ ࠶౓৘ใͱͯ͠ղऍͰ͖Δ΋ͷ Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 57

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2020/2/6 ਺ࣈ 40 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 58

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2020/2/6 ৘ใ ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴͰ 2018೥11݄23೔ʹ։࠵͞Εͨ σʔλ෼ੳϫʔΫγϣοϓͷ ࢀՃొ࿥ऀ਺͸ ਓͰ͢ɻ Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 59

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2020/2/6 σʔλ ϫʔΫγϣοϓ ։࠵೔ ϫʔΫγϣοϓ ։࠵৔ॴ ࢀՃొ࿥ऀ ਺ ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴ Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 60

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৘ใ⇄σʔλ ૒ํ޲ʹม׵Մೳ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 61 ϫʔΫγϣοϓ ։࠵೔ ϫʔΫγϣοϓ ։࠵৔ॴ ࢀՃొ࿥ ऀ਺ ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴ ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴͰ 2018೥11݄23೔ʹ։࠵͞Εͨ σʔλ෼ੳϫʔΫγϣοϓͷ ࢀՃొ࿥ऀ਺͸ ਓͰ͢ɻ

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σʔλԽ͢Δ͜ͱͰ ଞͷσʔλͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤΒΕΔ 2020/2/6 ৽͍͠ʮ৘ใʯ͕ औΓग़ͤΔ Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 62 30 35 40 24 29 34 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 ԣ඿঎޻ձٞॴ ਆಸ઒ݝி ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴ ϫʔΫγϣοϓผ ࢀՃऀ਺ͷൺֱ ౰೔ࢀՃऀ਺ ࢀՃొ࿥ऀ਺ Qɿ֤ϫʔΫγϣοϓͷ ʮΩϟϯηϧ཰ʯ͸ Ͳͷ͘Β͍ʁ

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σʔλ෼ੳ = σʔλ͔Β৘ใΛҾ͖ग़͢͜ͱ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 63 Ωϟϯηϧ཰ 30 35 40 24 29 34 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 ԣ඿঎޻ձٞॴ ਆಸ઒ݝி ԣ඿ࢢ໾ॴ ϫʔΫγϣοϓผ ࢀՃऀ਺ͷൺֱ ౰೔ࢀՃऀ਺ ࢀՃొ࿥ऀ਺

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σʔλ෼ੳ͸ ໨తΛఆΊ͓͔ͯͳ͍ͱҙຯ͕ͳ͍ ΠϕϯτӡӦऀ ͦͷଞͷਓ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 64 ͔࣍Β ఆһʙ ͘Β͍ଟΊʹਃࠐΛ ड͚෇͚ͯ΋ େৎ෉ͦ͏ʂ Կͷ໾ʹཱͭ ৘ใͳΜͩΖ͏ʁ ୭ʹͲΜͳ৘ใΛఏڙ͢Δͷ͔ɺ ୭ͷͲΜͳ՝୊Λղܾ͍ͨ͠ͷ͔ɺ σʔλ෼ੳΛ͢Δલʹઃఆ͓ͯ͘͜͠ͱ͕ॏཁ

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σʔλ෼ੳʹΑΔ੓ࡦ൓өͷྲྀΕ ԾઆΛ ཱͯΔ σʔλΛ ूΊΔ ෼ੳ ධՁ ੓ࡦཱҊ ࢦඪ࡞੒ ՝୊ ৽͍͠՝୊ͷݕ౼ Ծઆͷؒҧ͍Λૣظʹൃݟ ੓ࡦͷਫ਼౓Λ্͛Δ ਺஋໨ඪɺޮՌࢦඪ Λ࡞੒͢Δ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 65 ग़యݩɿ૯຿ল ஍ํެڞஂମʹ͓͚Δσʔλར׆༻ΨΠυϒοΫ 7FS ผఴࢿྉɽσʔλΞΧσϛʔʢσʔλ෼ੳฤʣͷڭࡐɾࢿྉ౳ $$#:+1

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σʔλ෼ੳʹΑΔ੓ࡦ൓өͷྲྀΕ ԾઆΛ ཱͯΔ σʔλΛ ूΊΔ ෼ੳ ධՁ ੓ࡦཱҊ ࢦඪ࡞੒ ՝୊ ৽͍͠՝୊ͷݕ౼ Ծઆͷؒҧ͍Λૣظʹൃݟ ੓ࡦͷਫ਼౓Λ্͛Δ ਺஋໨ඪɺ ޮՌࢦඪ Λ࡞੒͢Δ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 66 ग़యݩɿ૯຿ল ஍ํެڞஂମʹ͓͚Δσʔλར׆༻ΨΠυϒοΫ 7FS ผఴࢿྉɽσʔλΞΧσϛʔʢσʔλ෼ੳฤʣͷڭࡐɾࢿྉ౳ $$#:+1 ཁ஫ҙ ϙΠϯτ

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ޮՌࢦඪɿఆੑతޮՌΛͲ͏ଌΔʁ ΞϯέʔτͰฉ͘ ͱ͍͏ํ๏͕Α͘औΒΕΔ ࢦඪͷ1ͭʹ͢Δͷ͸OK Ξϯέʔτ݁ՌͷΈͰଌΔͱ ٬؍ੑʹ͚ܽΔ৔߹͕͋Δ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 67 ॅΈ΍͢͞ ·ͪͷ ʹ͗Θ͍ ࢠҭͯͷ ͠΍͢͞ உঁฏ౳ ࿝ޙͷ҆৺

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2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 68 ϙΠϯτɿ ఆੑతޮՌ͸ ఆྔతޮՌʹ ෼ղͯ͠ ࢦඪԽ͢Δ ྫɿॅΈΑ͞ϥϯΩϯάʢ౦༸ܦࡁʣ

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2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 69 ఆੑతޮՌ͸ఆྔతޮՌʹ෼ղͯ͠ࢦඪԽ͢Δ ྫɿॅΈΑ͞ϥϯΩϯάʢ౦༸ܦࡁʣར༻σʔλ ॅΈΑ͞ " ҆৺౓ ਓޱ౰ͨΓපӃɾҰൠ਍ྍॴපচ਺ʢ೥݄ʣɿްੜ࿑ಇলʮҩྍࢪઃௐࠪʯ ࿝೥ਓޱ౰ͨΓհޢ࿝ਓ෱ࢱɾอ݈ࢪઃఆһ਺ʢ೥݄ʣɿްੜ࿑ಇলʮհޢαʔϏεࢪઃɾࣄۀॴௐࠪʯ ʙࡀঁੑਓޱ౰ͨΓʙࡀࣇ਺ʢ೥݄ʣɿ૯຿লʮॅຽجຊ୆ாʹجͮ͘ਓޱɺਓޱಈଶٴͼੈଳ਺ʯ ࢠͲ΋ҩྍඅॿ੒ʢର৅೥ྸɾॴಘ੍ݶͷ༗ແʣʢ೥݄ʣɿ౦༸ܦࡁௐ΂ ਓޱ౰ͨΓܐ๏൜ೝ஌݅਺ʢ೥ʣɿ֤౎ಓ෎ݝܯ࡯ௐ΂ ਓޱ౰ͨΓަ௨ࣄނ݅਺ʢ೥ʣɿަ௨ࣄނ૯߹෼ੳηϯλʔௐ΂ # རศ౓ ਓޱ౰ͨΓখചൢചֹʢ೥ʣɿ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʯ ਓޱ౰ͨΓେن໛খചళళฮ໘ੵʢ೥ʣɿ౦༸ܦࡁʮશࠃେܕখചళ૯ཡʯ Մॅ஍໘ੵ౰ͨΓҿ৯ྉ඼খചࣄۀॴ਺ʢ೥݄ʣɿ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʯ ਓޱ౰ͨΓҿ৯ళ਺ʢ೥݄ʣ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʯ $ շద౓ సग़ೖਓޱൺ཰ʢʙ೥ʣɿ૯຿লʮॅຽجຊ୆ாʹجͮ͘ਓޱɺਓޱಈଶٴͼੈଳ਺ʯ ਓޱ౰ͨΓࡒ੓ࡀग़ֹ ʢ೥౓ʣɿ૯຿লʮࢢொଜผܾࢉঢ়گௐʯ ਫಓྉۚʢ೥݄ʣɿ౦༸ܦࡁௐ΂ Ԛਫॲཧਓޱීٴ཰ʢ೥݄ʣɿࠃ౔ަ௨লɺ೶ྛਫ࢈লɺ؀ڥলௐ΂ ౎ࢢܭը۠Ҭਓޱ౰ͨΓ౎ࢢެԂ໘ੵʢ೥݄ʣɿࠃ౔ަ௨লʮ౎ࢢެԂ੔උਫ४ௐॻʯ ؾީʢ݄ฏۉ࠷ߴɾ࠷௿ؾԹɺ೔র࣌ؒʣʢʙ೥ʣɿؾ৅ிʮϝογϡฏ೥஋σʔλʯ % ෋༟౓ ࡒ੓ྗࢦ਺ʢ೥౓ʣɿ૯຿লʮࢢொଜผܾࢉঢ়گௐʯ ࣄۀॴ౰ͨΓച্ߴʢ೥݄ʣɿ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʯ ೲ੫ٛ຿ऀਓ౰ͨΓॴಘʢ೥ʣɿ૯຿লʮࢢொଜ੫՝੫ঢ়گ౳ͷௐʯ ॅ୐౰ͨΓԆ΂চ໘ੵʢ೥݄ʣɿ૯຿লʮॅ୐ɾ౔஍౷ܭௐࠪʯ ࣋ͪՈੈଳൺ཰ʢ೥݄ʣɿ૯຿লʮࠃ੎ௐࠪʯ ॅ୐஍ฏۉ஍Ձʢ೥݄ʣɿࠃ౔ަ௨লʮ౎ಓ෎ݝ஍Ձௐࠪʯ

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2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 70 ࢦඪ͸ఆظతʹݟ௚ͯ͠վળ͢Δ͜ͱ΋ॏཁ ྫɿॅΈΑ͞ϥϯΩϯάʢ౦༸ܦࡁʣར༻σʔλ ॅΈΑ͞ ҆৺౓ පӃɾҰൠ਍ྍॴපচ਺ʢਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄೔ݱࡏ ްੜ࿑ಇলʮҩྍࢪઃௐࠪʯ հޢ࿝ਓ෱ࢱࢪઃɾհޢ࿝ਓอ݈ࢪઃఆһ਺ʢࡀҎ্ਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄೔ݱࡏ ްੜ࿑ಇলʮհޢαʔϏ εࢪઃɾࣄۀॴௐࠪʯ ग़ੜ਺ʢʙࡀঁੑਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥ ૯຿লʮॅຽجຊ୆ாʹجͮ͘ਓޱɺਓޱಈଶʯ ೥গਓޱʢʙࡀਓޱʣ૿ݮ཰ɿ೥݄೔×೥݄೔ ૯຿লʮॅຽجຊ୆ாʹجͮ͘ਓޱɺਓޱಈଶʯ རศ౓ খചۀ೥ؒ঎඼ൢചֹʢਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄ ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʢ঎ۀ౷ܭʣʯ େܕখചళళฮ໘ੵʢਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄ ౦༸ܦࡁʮશࠃେܕখചళ૯ཡʯ ҿ৯ྉ඼খചࣄۀॴ਺ʢՄॅ஍໘ੵ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄೔ ૯຿লɾܦࡁ࢈ۀলʮܦࡁηϯαε׆ಈௐࠪʢ঎ۀ౷ ܭʣʯ շద౓ Ԛਫॲཧਓޱීٴ཰ɿ೥݄຤ ࠃ౔ަ௨লɾ೶ྛਫ࢈লɾ؀ڥলʮԚਫॲཧਓޱීٴঢ়گʯɺ֤౎ಓ෎ݝࢿྉ ౎ࢢެԂ໘ੵʢਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄຤ ࠃ౔ަ௨লௐ΂ సೖɾసग़ਓޱൺ཰ɿʙ೥ ૯຿লʮॅຽجຊ୆ாʹجͮ͘ਓޱɺਓޱಈଶʯ ৽ઃॅ୐ண޻ށ਺ʢੈଳ౰ͨΓʣɿʙ೥౓ ࠃ౔ަ௨লʮݐஙண޻౷ܭௐࠪʯ ෋༟౓ ࡒ੓ྗࢦ਺ɿ೥౓ ૯຿লʮࢢொଜผܾࢉঢ়گௐʯ ஍ํ੫ऩೖֹʢਓޱ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥౓ ૯຿লʮࢢொଜผܾࢉঢ়گௐʯ ՝੫ର৅ॴಘֹʢೲ੫ٛ຿ऀਓ౰ͨΓʣɿ೥ ૯຿লʮࢢொଜ੫՝੫ঢ়گ౳ͷௐʯ ॅډਫ४ ॆ࣮౓ ॅ୐Ԇ΂চ໘ੵʢॅ୐౰ͨΓʣɿ೥݄೔ ૯຿লʮॅ୐ɾ౔஍౷ܭௐࠪʯ ࣋ͪՈੈଳൺ཰ɿ೥݄೔ ૯຿লʮࠃ੎ௐࠪʯ

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ࢦඪ࡞੒ͷεςοϓ ཁૉʹ෼ղ σʔλͱ ݁ͼ͚ͭΔ σʔλΛ ूΊΔ ࢦඪΛܭ ࢉ͢Δ ϏδϡΞ ϥΠζ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 71 ߏ੒ཁૉͱͯ͠ ߟ͑ΒΕΔ΋ͷ Λྻڍͯ͠ πϦʔߏ଄ʹ ͳΔΑ͏ʹ ੔ཧ͢Δ ͦΕͧΕͷߏ੒ ཁૉΛଌΔͨΊ ʹͲͷΑ͏ͳ σʔλ͕ඞཁ͔ ߟ͑Δ Ͱݕ౼ͨ͠ σʔλ͕ ࣮ࡍʹ͋Δ͔ ୳ͯ͠ऩू͢Δ ऩूͨ͠σʔλ Λ༻͍ͯɺ ൺֱର৅ผʹ ࢦඪΛܭࢉ͢Δ ࢉग़ͨ͠ࢦඪ஋ Λൺֱ͠΍͘͢ ͢ΔͨΊʹ ՄࢹԽ͢Δ

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ࢦඪઃܭϫʔΫγϣοϓʹ͓͚Δ ςʔϚͷઃఆྫ ԣ඿ࢢ۠ͷ ʮॅΈ΍͢͞ʯ Λൺֱ͢Δ ࢦඪΛ࡞Ζ͏ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"

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4UFQཁૉʹ෼ղ ʮॅΈ΍͍͢ʯͱ͍͏ঢ়گ͸ͲͷΑ͏ͳཁૉͰ੒Γཱ͍ͬͯΔ͔ɺ ෇ᝦࢴΛ࢖ͬͯڍ͛ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" ॅΈ ΍͍͢ ؀ڥ͕ ྑ͍ ࣏͕҆ ྑ͍ n ʮ͜Ε͕ਖ਼ղʯͱ͍͏΋ͷ͸ແ͍ͷͰɺ ࢥ͍ͭ͘΋ͷΛͲΜͲΜڍ͛ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ n ͜͜Ͱ͸Ұ୴σʔλ͕͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔͸ ؾʹ͠ͳͯ͘0,Ͱ͢ ۭؾ͕ ΩϨΠ ྘͕ଟ ͍

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4UFQσʔλͱ݁ͼ͚ͭΔ 4UFQͰڍ֤͛ͨཁૉ͸ɺͲΜͳσʔλͰଌΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ͦ͏͔ ڍ͛ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" Ԛછ ෺࣭ ඈࢄྔ ॅΈ ΍͍͢ ؀ڥ͕ ྑ͍ ࣏͕҆ ྑ͍ ۭؾ͕ ΩϨΠ ྘͕ଟ ͍ ެ֐ ۤ৘ ݅਺ ྘ඃ཰

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4UFQσʔλΛूΊΔ n4UFQͰڍ͛ͨσʔλ͕࣮ࡍʹ͋Δ͔ ୳ͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ nݟ͚ͭͨσʔλ͕۠ผͷσʔλʹ ͳ͍ͬͯΔ͔ɺ֬ೝ͠·͠ΐ͏ nσʔλΛ୳͢தͰɺ ʮ͜ͷσʔλ΋࢖͑ͦ͏ʂʯͱ͍͏ ΋ͷ͕͋ͬͨΒ௥Ճͯ͠΋0, 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"

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4UFQࢦඪΛܭࢉ͢Δ ࢦඪʹ࢖͏σʔλͷछྨ͝ͱʹ֤۠ͷ ภࠩ஋ Λܭࢉ͢Δ ֤۠ͷ ૯߹ภࠩ஋ Λܭࢉ͢Δ ʢܭࢉͷΠϝʔδʣ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" ภࠩ஋@྘ඃ཰ ภࠩ஋@Ԛછ෺࣭ ภࠩ஋@999 ૯߹ภࠩ஋ த۠ ɾɾɾ ੢۠ ɾɾɾ ೆ۠ ɾɾɾ ɾɾɾ ɾɾɾ ɾɾɾ ɾɾɾ ɾɾɾ

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4UFQϏδϡΞϥΠζ ࢉग़ͨ͠ࢦඪ஋Λ ൺֱ͠΍͘͢͢ΔͨΊʹ ՄࢹԽ͢Δ ˞ԣ඿৘ใՊֶઐ໳ֶߍͷ ֶੜνʔϜʹΑΔ ʮԣ඿ࢢ۠ͷॅΈ΍͢͞ʯ ࢦඪͷՄࢹԽྫ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" https://public.tableau.com/profile/.48 315447#!/vizhome/7877/sheet7

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ࢦඪઃܭମݧϫʔΫ ࣍ͷ͏ͪҰ൪ڵຯͷ͋ΔςʔϚΛબΜͰ͍ͩ͘͞ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" ॅΈ΍͢͞ ·ͪͷ ʹ͗Θ͍ ࢠҭͯͷ ͠΍͢͞ உঁฏ౳ ࿝ޙͷ҆৺

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4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5" ࢦඪઃܭମݧϫʔΫ 4UFQɿཁૉʹ෼ղ ςʔϚ 4UFQɿσʔλͱ݁ͼ͚ͭΔ ˞ࠓճ͸4UFQ·Ͱ

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σʔλ෼ੳͷྲྀΕશମΛ࣮ࡍʹମݧ͍ͨ͠ํʹΦεεϝ σʔλΞΧσϛʔ nITͰ஍Ҭ՝୊ͷղܾΛਐΊΔஂମʮCode for Japanʯ͕࣮ࢪ͢Δɺߦ੓৬һ޲͚σʔλ ར׆༻ݚमϓϩάϥϜ n2017೥౓ͷ૯຿লࣄۀʹ͓͍ͯΧϦΩϡϥϜ։ൃΛ࣮ࢪ n͜Ε·Ͱʹ60Ҏ্ͷ࣏ࣗମ͕ࢀՃ nैདྷͷ࠲ֶʹΑΔݚमͱ͸ҟͳΓɺ৬һ͕ීஈͷۀ຿Ͱ࢖༻͍ͯ͠ΔσʔλΛ༻͍ͯɺ ੓ࡦͷཱҊ΍ݕূΛ͓͜ͳ͏͜ͱ͕࠷େͷಛ௃ nσʔλ෼ੳʹΑΔ੓ࡦ൓өͷ7stepͷྲྀΕΛɺ൒೔º4೔ؒͷݚमͰशಘ͢Δ ৄࡉ͸ͪ͜ΒˠσʔλΞΧσϛʔݚڀձ IUUQTEBDPEFKBQBOPSH ᶃԾઆ ݱঢ়෼ੳ ᶄର৅ σʔλ ֬ೝ ᶅ෼ੳ ख๏ݕ౼ ᶆσʔλ ෼ੳ ᶇ ධՁ ᶈ ੓ࡦݕ౼ ᶉ ޮՌࢦඪ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 80

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σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB

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σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 82

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σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 83

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σʔλ͸ੑ࣭Ͱେ͖͘2ͭʹ෼͚ΒΕΔ ఆྔσʔλ n਺஋ͰେখΛද͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δσʔλ n٬؍ੑ͕ߴ͍ ʢ୭͕ݟͯ΋େମಉ͡Α͏ʹղऍͰ͖Δʣ nϚΫϩͳࢹ఺Ͱͷ෼ੳʹ༻͍Δ ʢௗͷ໨ʣ ఆੑσʔλ n਺஋ͰදݱͰ͖ͳ͍จষͳͲͷσʔλ nओ؍ੑ͕ߴ͍ ʢղऍ͸ͦͷਓͷ࣋ͭई౓ʹҕͶΒΕΔʣ nϛΫϩͳࢹ఺Ͱͷ෼ੳʹ༻͍Δ ʢ஬ͷ໨ʣ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 84

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ఆྔσʔλͷྫɿ Ξϯέʔτͷબ୒߲໨ ๭ࢢʹ͓͚Δߦ੓৬һ޲͚σʔλ׆༻ݚमͷΞϯέʔτΑΓ ͋ͳͨ͸ɺ೔ʑͷۀ຿ͷதͰɺσʔλΛ׆༻ग़དྷ͍ͯΔͱࢥ͍·͔͢ʁ ̍ɽे෼ʹग़དྷ͍ͯΔ ̎ɽग़དྷ͍ͯΔ ̏ɽ͋·Γग़དྷ͍ͯͳ͍ ̐ɽ·ͬͨ͘ग़དྷ͍ͯͳ͍ ̍ɽे෼ʹग़དྷ͍ͯΔ ̎ɽग़དྷ͍ͯΔ ̏ɽ͋·Γग़དྷ͍ͯͳ͍ ̐ɽ·ͬͨ͘ग़དྷ͍ͯͳ͍ ूܭͯ͠਺஋ԽͰ͖Δ ఆྔσʔλ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 85

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ఆྔσʔλͷ࢖͍Ͳ͜Ζ͸ ʮ၆ᛌʯ n਺஋Ͱൺֱ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺঢ়ଶΛ၆ᛌతʹ೺ѲͰ͖Δ n౷Ұ͞Εͨج४ͰൺֱͰ͖Δ શडߨऀͷ ͕೔ৗͷ ۀ຿ͰσʔλΛ׆༻Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ 2͋ͳͨ͸ɺ೔ʑͷۀ຿ͷதͰɺ σʔλΛ׆༻ग़དྷ͍ͯΔͱࢥ͍·͔͢ʁ ݚमͷ ࣮ࢪ ݚम࣮ࢪલ શडߨऀͷ ͕೔ৗͷ ۀ຿ͰσʔλΛ׆༻Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ ݚम࣮ࢪ೥ޙ 2͋ͳͨ͸ɺ೔ʑͷۀ຿ͷதͰɺ σʔλΛ׆༻ग़དྷ͍ͯΔͱࢥ͍·͔͢ʁ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 86

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ఆੑσʔλͷྫɿ Ξϯέʔτͷࣗ༝هड़߲໨ ๭ࢢʹ͓͚Δߦ੓৬һ޲͚σʔλ׆༻ݚमͷΞϯέʔτΑΓ σʔλ׆༻ʹ͍ͭͯɺ՝୊౳͕͋Ε͹ڭ͍͑ͯͩ͘͞ɻʢࣗ༝هड़ʣ ਺஋ԽͰ͖ͳ͍ ʹఆੑσʔλ σʔλऩूɺ׆༻ɺఏڙͷϊ΢ϋ΢ෆ଍ ݱࡏͷۀ຿಺༰্ɺ͋·Γଟ͘ͷσʔλΛѻΘͳ͍ͨΊɺ׆༻ํ๏ʹ೰ΜͰ͍Δ Φʔϓϯσʔλͷ֓೦͕શ͘ਁಁ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɺ࢓ࣄ΋σʔλ΋λςׂΓ ̥̘౳ɺϋʔυɾιϑτ؀ڥ͕ෆ଍͍ͯ͠Δʢॲཧೳྗ౳ʣ ීஈͷۀ຿͔Β׆༻ͨ͠ޙͷΠϝʔδ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍ σʔλΛݟͯԿ͔Λײ͡ͱΔɺ೺Ѳ͢Δ͜ͱʹۤखҙ͕ࣝ͋Γ׆༻·ͰࢸΒͳ͍ɺηϯεʁ׳Εʁ ະ஌ͷ༗ޮ׆༻͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ி಺σʔλ͕ଘࡏ͢ΔͱࢥΘΕΔ ɾɾɾ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 87

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ఆੑσʔλͷ࢖͍Ͳ͜Ζ͸ ʮਂ۷Γʯ nఆྔσʔλΑΓ΋৘ใྔ͸ଟ͍ͨΊɺݸʑͷঢ়ଶΛΑΓਂ۷Γͯ͠೺ѲͰ͖Δ n࣍ͷΞΫγϣϯΛݕ౼͢Δ্Ͱͷ͕ࣔࠦಘΒΕΔ σʔλऩूɺ׆༻ɺఏڙͷϊ΢ϋ΢ෆ଍ ݱࡏͷۀ຿಺༰্ɺ͋·Γଟ͘ͷσʔλΛѻΘͳ͍ ͨΊɺ׆༻ํ๏ʹ೰ΜͰ͍Δ Φʔϓϯσʔλͷ֓೦͕શ͘ਁಁ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ɺ࢓ࣄ ΋σʔλ΋λςׂΓ ̥̘౳ɺϋʔυɾιϑτ؀ڥ͕ෆ଍͍ͯ͠Δʢॲཧ ೳྗ౳ʣ ීஈͷۀ຿͔Β׆༻ͨ͠ޙͷΠϝʔδ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍ σʔλΛݟͯԿ͔Λײ͡ͱΔɺ೺Ѳ͢Δ͜ͱʹۤख ҙ͕ࣝ͋Γ׆༻·ͰࢸΒͳ͍ɺηϯεʁ׳Εʁ ະ஌ͷ༗ޮ׆༻͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ி಺σʔλ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ ͱࢥΘΕΔ ɾɾɾ 2σʔλ׆༻ʹ͍ͭͯɺ՝୊౳͕͋Ε͹ڭ͍͑ͯͩ͘͞ɻ ෼ྨɾ ੔ཧ σʔλΛࣗ༝ʹ࢖͑Δ؀ڥ͕ ੔͍ͬͯͳ͍ ࣗ෼ͷۀ຿ͱ݁ͼ෇͚ͯ ߟ͑Δ͜ͱ͕ࠔ೉ σʔλΛ࢖͏͜ͱʹର͢Δ യવͱͨۤ͠खײ͕֮͋Δ ݸผͷΠϯλϏϡʔ౳ͰΑΓঢ়گ Λਂ͘೺Ѳ ϐοΫΞοϓ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 88

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σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ →ఆྔσʔλͱఆੑσʔλ͸໨తʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Δ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 89

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σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ →ఆྔσʔλͱఆੑσʔλ͸໨తʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Δ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 90

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૬ؔͱ͸ ೋͭͷࣄ৅͕ີ઀ʹ͔͔ΘΓ߹͍ɺҰํ͕มԽ͢Ε͹ଞํ΋มԽ͢ΔΑ͏ͳؔ܎ɻ ෛͷ૬ؔ ਖ਼ͷ૬ؔ Ұํͷ஋͕େ͖͘ͳΔͱɺ ΋͏Ұํͷ஋΋େ͖͘ͳΔ Ұํͷ஋͕େ͖͘ͳΔͱɺ ΋͏Ұํͷ஋͸খ͘͞ͳΔ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 91

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૬ؔ≠ҼՌؔ܎ ྫʣΞΠεΫϦʔϜͷചΓ্͛ͱనࢮऀͷ਺ʹ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͨ ΞΠε͕ചΕΔ ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ నࢮऀ͕૿͑Δ ؾԹͷ্ঢ ڞ௨ཁҼ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 92 ؾԹ্͕͕Δ ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ ΞΠε͕ചΕΔ ؾԹ্͕͕Δ ͜ͱʹΑͬͯ ʢւ΍઒Ͱӭ͙ਓ͕ ૿͑ͯʣ నࢮऀ͕૿͑Δ

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૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶃɿ ڞ௨ͷཁҼ͕͋Δʢަབྷʣ nC͕AͱBʹӨڹΛ༩͍͑ͯΔঢ়ଶ nAͱBͷؒʹ௚઀తͳؔ܎ੑ͸ͳ͍ A B C 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 93

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૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶃɿ ڞ௨ͷཁҼ͕͋Δʢަབྷʣ nྫʣʮίʔώʔΛҿΉྔʯͱʮ৺ےߎ࠹ͷൃ঱཰ʯʹਖ਼ͷ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͨ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 94 ίʔώʔΛΑ͘ҿΉਓͰ λόίΛٵ͏ਓ͕ଟ͔ͬͨ ٤Ԏ͕৺ےߎ࠹ൃ঱ͷ ཁҼʹͳ͍ͬͯͨ

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૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶄɿ ҼՌؔ܎ͷํ޲͕ٯ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 95 n"ʹΑͬͯ#͕Ҿ͖ى͜͞ΕͨͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ#ʹΑͬͯ"͕Ҿ͖ى͜͞Εͨ n૬ؔ෼ੳͰ͸࣌ؒతͳલޙؔ܎͕ݟ͑ͳ͍ͨΊɺؾ͖ͮʹ͍͘ A B

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૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶄɿ ҼՌؔ܎ͷํ޲͕ٯ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 96 nྫʣʮࣄނͷൃੜ݅਺ʯͱʮ஫ҙשىͷ؃൘ͷઃஔ਺ʯʹ ਖ਼ͷ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͨ

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૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶅɿ બ୒όΠΞε nAͱBͷ෼ੳର৅σʔλ͕ҼՌͷ߹ྲྀ఺Cʹ͓͍ͯɺબൈʗ૚ผʗௐ੔͞Εͯ ͠·͍ͬͯΔӨڹͰɺҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍ͷʹ૬͕ؔੜͯ͡͠·͏έʔε A B C 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 97

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૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶅɿ બ୒όΠΞε nྫʣ࣮ٕࢼݧͷ఺਺ͱֶྗࢼݧͷ఺਺ͷ߹ܭ఺Ͱ߹൱͕ܾ·Δࢼݧʹ͓͍ͯɺ ߹֨ऀͷʮ࣮ٕࢼݧͷ఺਺ʯͱʮֶྗࢼݧͷ఺਺ʯʹෛͷ૬͕ؔ͋ͬͨ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 98

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૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶆɿ શ͘ͷۮવ nશ͘Կͷؔ܎΋ͳ͍AͱBͰ͋ͬͯ΋ɺۮવ૬͕ؔੜͯ͡͠·͏έʔε A B 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 99

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૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍έʔεᶆɿ શ͘ͷۮવ nྫʣʮϓʔϧʹ͓͚Δనࢮऀ਺ʯͱʮχίϥεɾέΠδͷөըग़ԋ਺ʯʹਖ਼ͷ૬͕ؔ ͋ͬͨ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 100 http://www.tylervigen.com/spurious- correlations

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σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ →ఆྔσʔλͱఆੑσʔλ͸໨తʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Δ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ →૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍৔߹͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 101

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σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ →ఆྔσʔλͱఆੑσʔλ͸໨తʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Δ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ →૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍৔߹͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 102

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Before/Afterσʔλ͚ͩͰ ҼՌؔ܎Λਪఆ͢Δͷ͸ࠔ೉ n࣮ݧࣨ಺ͳΒɺӨڹΛٴ΅͢Մೳੑͷ͋ΔཁૉΛഉআ͢ΔΑ͏ʹ ৚݅ΛίϯτϩʔϧͰ͖Δ n͔͠͠ɺ࣮ࣾձͰ͸ಛఆͷཁૉΛഉআ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ࠔ೉ n#FGPSF"GUFSͷσʔλ͚ͩͰ͸ɺࢪࡦʹΑͬͯ՝୊͕վળ͞Ε͔ͨ͸ ෼͔Βͳ͍ʢଞͷཁҼͷՄೳੑΛഉআͰ͖ͳ͍ʣ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 103 ࢪࡦ࣮ࢪલ ࢪࡦ࣮ࢪޙ ࢪࡦͷ ࣮ࢪ ՝୊ͷ վળ ʁ

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ϥϯμϜൺֱԽࢼݧ (Randomized Controlled Trial: RCT) nର৅ΛϥϯμϜʹάϧʔϓ෼͚ͯ͠ࢦඪΛܭଌ͠ൺֱ 1. ࢪࡦΛ࣮ࢪ͢Δάϧʔϓʢॲஔ܈ʣ 2. ࢪࡦΛ࣮ࢪ͠ͳ͍άϧʔϓʢରর܈ʣ nϥϯμϜɾάϧʔϐϯάʹΑͬͯଞͷཁҼʹΑΔӨڹΛഉআ ର৅ ॲஔ܈ ରর܈ ࢦඪΛܭଌ ࢦඪΛܭଌ ࢪࡦޮՌ ࠩΛൺֱ ϥϯμϜʢແ࡞ҝʣ ʹάϧʔϐϯά 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 104

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ΤϏσϯεͷڧ͞ͷ֊૚ nʮΤϏσϯεʹجͮ͘ҩྍ (Evidence-Based Medicine) ʯʹ ୺Λൃͨ͠ΤϏσϯεͷ֊૚ (Ϩϕϧ) ͕ࣾձՊֶʹ΋Ԡ༻͞Ε͍ͯΔ nϨϕϧ্͕͕Δ΄ͲΑΓਖ਼֬ʹҼՌؔ܎ΛਪఆͰ͖Δͱݟͳ͞ΕΔ ग़యɿਖ਼໦๎໵ɺ௡୩تҰ࿠ʢʣʮΤϏσϯεʹجͮ͘ҩྍʢ&.#ͷܥේͱํ޲ੑɿอ݈ ҩྍධՁʹՌͨ͢ίΫϥϯڞಉܭըͷ໾ׂͱະདྷʣʯʰ೔ຊධՁݚڀ ୈרୈ߸ʱQQ 4 b a 1b 1a ෳ਺ͷϥϯμϜԽൺֱࢼݧͷϝλɾΞφϦγε গͳ͘ͱ΋̍ͭͷϥϯμϜԽൺֱࢼݧ গͳ͘ͱ΋̍ͭͷඇϥϯμϜԽൺֱࢼݧ গͳ͘ͱ΋̍ͭͷ४࣮ݧతݚڀ ඇ࣮ݧతݚڀɺهड़తݚڀ ઐ໳Ոͷใࠂ΍ҙݟɺݖҖऀͷܦݧ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 105

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ࣄྫɿਆಸ઒ݝ༿ࢁொͷ ์ஔ͝Έ࡟ݮࢪࡦͷޮՌݕূ n༿ࢁொ͸2008೥ɺ೔ຊͰ3൪໨ʹʮθϩɾ΢ΣΠετ੓ࡦʯʢ͝ΈͷపఈతͳࢿݯԽɾݮྔԽʣΛಋೖ nࢿݯ͝Έͷऩूڌ఺Ͱ͋Δࢿݯεςʔγϣϯͷ؅ཧ͸ɺθϩɾ΢ΣΠετͷୡ੒ʹ޲͚ͨॏཁࢪࡦ nࢿݯεςʔγϣϯͰͷ์ஔ͝Έ͕ݮΒͳ͍͜ͱʹொɾॅຽ͕಄Λ೰·͍ͤͯͨ →ࢪࡦ࣮ݧΛ࣮ࢪ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 106 ϞχλϦϯάର৅ εςʔγϣϯ ରࡦɿνϥγ഑෍ ରࡦɿ؃൘ܝࡌ ରࡦͳ͠ ࣄલϞχλϦϯά ʹج͖ͮϥϯμϜ ʹάϧʔϓԽ ࠩ͸ແ͔ͬͨ ʢޮՌͳ͠ʣ ଟ͘ ࡟ݮͰ͖ͨ ʢ࡟ݮޮՌ͋Γʣ ϞχλϦϯά Λ࣮ࢪ͠ɺ ݁ՌΛൺֱ ग़యɿ੓ࡦͷޮՌΛͲ͏ଌఆ͢Δ͔ʁɿւ֎ʹ͓͚ΔʮΤϏσϯεʹجͮ͘੓ࡦʯͷ࠷৽ಈ޲ IUUQTXXXSJFUJHPKQKQFWFOUTCCMIUNM શொల։

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ࣄྫɿਆಸ઒ݝ༿ࢁொͷ ์ஔ͝Έ࡟ݮࢪࡦͷޮՌݕূ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 107 ग़యɿʮΤϏσϯεΛ੓ࡦʹͲ͏࢖͏͔ ΠΪϦεͷಈ޲ͱ೔ຊ΁ͷద༻ࣄྫ͔Βͷࣔࠦʯ খྛ༱ฏ IUUQTXXXSJFUJHPKQKQFWFOUTCCMQEG

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ࣄྫɿਆಸ઒ݝ༿ࢁொͷ ์ஔ͝Έ࡟ݮࢪࡦͷޮՌݕূ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 108 ग़యɿʮΤϏσϯεΛ੓ࡦʹͲ͏࢖͏͔ ΠΪϦεͷಈ޲ͱ೔ຊ΁ͷద༻ࣄྫ͔Βͷࣔࠦʯ খྛ༱ฏ IUUQTXXXSJFUJHPKQKQFWFOUTCCMQEG

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ࣄྫɿਆಸ઒ݝ༿ࢁொͷ ์ஔ͝Έ࡟ݮࢪࡦͷޮՌݕূ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 109 ग़యɿʮΤϏσϯεΛ੓ࡦʹͲ͏࢖͏͔ ΠΪϦεͷಈ޲ͱ೔ຊ΁ͷద༻ࣄྫ͔Βͷࣔࠦʯ খྛ༱ฏ IUUQTXXXSJFUJHPKQKQFWFOUTCCMQEG

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RCT͕࣮ࢪͰ͖ͳ͍৔߹ɺ ࣭ͷߴ͍ΤϏσϯεΛಘΔ͜ͱ͸ෆՄೳʁ n౴͑͸ʮNoʯ nϥϯμϜൺֱԽࢼݧ (RCT) Λߦͳͬͨͷͱಉ༷ͷঢ়گͷ σʔλ͕ೖखͰ͖Ε͹Մೳ nطଘͷߦ੓σʔλ͕࢖͑Δ৔߹͕͋Δ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 110

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ྫʣΧϦϑΥϧχΞभʹ͓͚Δ ిྗফඅྔͷ෼ੳ ग़యɿ੓ࡦͷޮՌΛͲ͏ଌఆ͢Δ͔ʁɿւ֎ʹ͓͚ΔʮΤϏσϯεʹجͮ͘੓ࡦʯͷ࠷৽ಈ޲ IUUQTXXXSJFUJHPKQKQFWFOUTCCMIUNM n෼ੳͷ໨తɿ ʮిྗͷྉۚΛ্͛Δͱɺফඅऀ͕Ͳͷ͘Β͍ͷྔΛઅి͢Δͷ͔஌Γ͍ͨ ʯ n෼ੳ࣮ࢪऀɿγΧΰେֶެڞ੓ࡦେֶӃ ҏ౻ެҰ࿕ࢯ nڠྗػؔɿ CaIifornia Energy Commission (੓෎), SCE, SDG&E (ిྗձࣾ) nར༻σʔλɿੈଳ͝ͱͷ݄ؒిྗফඅσʔλ10೥෼ pΧϦϑΥϧχΞभͷ͋Δ౎ࢢͰ͸ೆ๺Ͱ ిྗձ͕ࣾҟͳΔ p྆ํͷిྗձࣾͷిྗྉ͕ۚಉ༷ʹ มԽ͍ͯͨ࣌͠ظͱɺೆ෦͚ͩ ిྗྉ্͕͕ۚͬͨ࣌ظ͕͋Δ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 111

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ྫʣΧϦϑΥϧχΞभʹ͓͚Δ ిྗফඅྔͷ෼ੳ ྆ํͷిྗձࣾͷిྗྉ͕ۚಉ༷ʹมԽ͍ͯͨ࣌͠ظͱൺֱ͢Δͱɺೆ෦Ͱిྗྉ্͕͕ۚͬͨ ࣌ظͷిྗফඅྔ͸12-13%ݮগ͍ͯͨ͠ →ిྗྉ্͕͕ۚΔͱফඅऀ͸અి͢Δ ྆஍ҬͰྉ͕ۚಉ༷ͩͬͨ࣌ظ ೆ෦͚ͩྉ্͕͕ۚͬͨ࣌ظ ๺෦ ೆ෦ ๺෦ ೆ෦ Koichiro Ito, American Economic Review 2014, 104(2): 537–563 http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.104.2.537 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 112

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σʔλ׆༻ʹ͓͚Δ Α͋͘Δצҧ͍ 1. ఆੑσʔλ͸໾ʹཱͨͳ͍ →ఆྔσʔλͱఆੑσʔλ͸໨తʹԠͯ͡࢖͍෼͚Δ 2. ૬͕ؔ͋Ε͹ඞͣҼՌؔ܎͕͋Δ →૬͕ؔ͋ͬͯ΋ҼՌؔ܎͕ͳ͍৔߹͕͋Δ 3. ΤϏσϯεΛٻΊΒΕͨ࣌͸ɺ σʔλΛࣔͤ͹OKʂ →ΤϏσϯεʹ΋࣭ͷϨϕϧ͕ଘࡏ͢ΔͨΊɺ ͨͩσʔλΛ͚ࣔͩ͢Ͱ͸Պֶతࠜڌͱͯ͠ऑ͍৔߹͕͋Δ 2020/2/6 Sayoko Shimoyama, LinkData 113

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͓નΊͷจݙɾࢿྉ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB

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σʔλΛར׆༻ͨ͠੓ࡦཱҊϓϩηεΛֶͼ͍ͨํ΁ σʔλ׆༻Ͱ஍ҬͷϛϥΠΛม͑Δʂ ՝୊ղܾͷ4UFQ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB nҎ্ͷ࣏ࣗମ͕डߨͨ͠ σʔλར׆༻ݚम lσʔλΞΧσϛʔz ͷΤοηϯεΛ ࡭ʹू໿ n೥݄ʹൃച͞Εͨ͹͔Γ ͷ৽ץ IUUQTTIPQHZPTFJKQQSPEVDUTEFUBJM

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ਓʹʮ఻͑ΔʯͨΊͷσʔλՄࢹԽख๏Λֶͼ͍ͨํ΁ άϥϑΛͭ͘ΔલʹಡΉຊ IUUQTXXXBNB[PODPKQEQSFGDN@TX@S@U X@EQ@6@Y@+H;O%C1/1"9/ 4BZPLP4IJNPZBNB -JOL%BUB

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Ұൠࣾஂ๏ਓϦϯΫσʔλ ୅දཧࣄ Լࢁ ࣿ୅ࢠ Email: support@linkdata.org ຊࢿྉʹؔ͢Δ࣭͝໰ɾ͝ҙݟ΍ɺ σʔλ׆༻ݚमɾϫʔΫγϣοϓ։࠵ͷ͝૬ஊͳͲ͸ ͪ͜Β΁͓د͍ͤͩ͘͞ɻ 4":0,04)*.0:"." -*/,%"5"