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PHP AND THE LIBERAL CLOUD Vito Chin

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Vito Chin (@vitoc) • Lead, Development & Test at Singtel • Enterprise cloud utilisation • Cloud best practices • Gmagick PHP extension • Co-author of PHP Development in the Cloud

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Outline • Preface • History • Cloud definitions • Liberty • PHP and cloud liberty

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Preface

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–PHP 7 engine improvments http://talks.php.net/singapore15#/php7 "100%+ performance gain on most real-world applications"

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History

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Definitions

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http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/ “Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.”

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Essential Characteristics 1. On-demand self-service 2. Broad network access 3. Resource pooling 4. Rapid elasticity 5. Measured service

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Service Models 1. Infrastructure As A Service 2. Platform As A Service 3. Software As A Service

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Deployment Models 1. Private 2. Community 3. Public 4. Hybrid

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Where should I run my PHP?

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Typical choices of tools, vendors and services providers Amazon Web Services Jelastic Alatum EngineYard Azure Aliyun Softlayer Digital Ocean Linode Google Cloud OpenStack fortrabbit Heroku

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The Hype Cycle 2015 State of Cloud IaaS SaaS PaaS

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Liberty?

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Positive liberty • 'What, or who, is the source of control or interference that can determine someone to do, or be, this rather than that?' (Isaiah Berlin) • Liberty to choose the 'source of control' • You should be free to choose the entity (vendor, organisation, etc) that ensures continuous operation of your IaaS, PaaS or SaaS based on your preference of its operating environment.

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Negative liberty • 'What is the area within which the subject — a person or group of persons — is or should be left to do or be what he is able to do or be, without interference by other persons' (Isaiah Berlin) • The absence of coercion or interference with agents' possible private actions, by an exterior social-body. • Are your PHP applications constrained by the extensions that are available on the platform in which it resides on? • What should your PHP application be able to do on a specific cloud environment? • Should you choose an IaaS or a PaaS? • Does the cloud vendor's environment influences your decision on how to run your application?

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Positive liberty

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Mobility • Freedom of movement • Liberty to choose "source of control" • How sure are you that your application possess this trait? • Can your application be hosted on Azure App Service just as easily as it is hosted on AWS EC2 or Heroku?

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AWS Virtual Servers Containers Event-driven compute Auto-scaling Object storage Block storage File system storage Archive storage Relational DB NoSQL Caching Hadoop Machine Learning Real time data stream Data warehouse Data pipeline Resource creation Workflow Streaming Transcoding Email Search API management Mobile notification Application management

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AWS Virtual Servers Containers Event-driven compute Auto-scaling Object storage Block storage File system storage Archive storage Relational DB NoSQL Caching Hadoop Machine Learning Real time data stream Data warehouse Data pipeline Resource creation Workflow Streaming Transcoding Email Search API management Mobile notification Application management Harder to move out Easier to move out

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Negative liberty

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The lure • Convenience (and speed) • Security (and assurances)

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Unix philosophy • Rule of Economy: Programmer time is expensive; conserve it in preference to machine time. • Rule of Optimization: Prototype before polishing. Get it working before optimisation.

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Convenience - Example: auto-scaling • Mostly a DevOps & TechOps concern • AWS and Azure for example, provides convenient means to auto-scale your application or service • Application / development needs to minimally conform to auto-scalable cloud's "way of doing things"

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AWS auto-scaling "WebServerGroup" : { ! "Type" : "AWS::AutoScaling::AutoScalingGroup", ! "Properties" : { ! "AvailabilityZones" : { "Ref" : "AZs" }, ! "VPCZoneIdentifier" : { "Ref" : "Subnets" }, ! "LaunchConfigurationName" : { "Ref" : "LaunchConfig" }, ! "MinSize" : "1", ! "MaxSize" : "10", ! "DesiredCapacity" : { "Ref" : "InstanceCount" }, ! "LoadBalancerNames" : [ { "Ref" : "ElasticLoadBalancer" } ] ! }, .....

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AWS auto-scaling "LaunchConfig" : { ! "Type" : "AWS::AutoScaling::LaunchConfiguration", ! "Metadata" : { ! "Comment" : "Install a simple application", ! "AWS::CloudFormation::Init" : { ! "config" : { ! "packages" : { ! "yum" : { ! "httpd" : [] ! } ! }, .....

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What's given away? • Conform to AWS' way of doing things: • CloudFormation template • Security groups • Config and package handling • Scaling conditions • Etc.

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How dependent are you? • How long does it take to setup an (almost) similar auto-scaling environment in Azure or Digital Ocean? • How do you package your application? • .deb, .rpm • AMI or other image • git pull ... • How did you design your application? • Stateless web, app or worker roles • Shared persistency

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Creeping normality as described in Wikipedia "A major change can be accepted as the normal situation if it happens slowly, in unnoticed increments, when it would be regarded as objectionable if it took place in a single step or short period."

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Security • High availability • SLAs • Fault tolerance • DDoS mitigation • Geographic residency

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–Benjamin Franklin "Those who would give up essential Liberty, to purchase a little temporary Safety, deserve neither Liberty nor Safety."

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More Unix philosophy • Rule of Diversity: Distrust all claims for “one true way”. • Rule of Extensibility: Design for the future, because it will be here sooner than you think.

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Preserving freedom • Abstractions • Open platforms • 12-factor

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Abstractions

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Laravel 'default' => 'beanstalkd', 'connections' => [ ... 'database' => [ 'driver' => 'database', 'table' => 'jobs', 'queue' => 'default', 'expire' => 60, ], 'beanstalkd' => [ 'driver' => 'beanstalkd', 'host' => 'localhost', 'queue' => 'default', ... ... ], 'sqs' => [ 'driver' => 'sqs', 'key' => 'your-public-key', 'secret' => 'your-secret-key', 'queue' => 'your-queue-url', 'region' => 'us-east-1', ], 'iron' => [ 'driver' => 'iron', 'host' => 'mq-aws-us-east-1.iron.io', 'token' => 'your-token', 'project' => 'your-project-id', 'queue' => 'your-queue-name',

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Open platforms

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Cloud Foundry AWS OpenStack vSphere vCloud Air ... OpenShift

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PHP on Cloud Foundry • Cloud-native application design • Open source • Cloud Foundry environment variables • $services = getenv("VCAP_SERVICES"); $services_json = json_decode($services,true);

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Roll-your-own Docker Salt Vagrant Packer Ansible Open source Terraform Ansible Deis Kubernetes

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12-factor app PaaS helps!

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2. Explicitly declare and isolate dependencies • Never assume the existence of a particular extension or package • Declare dependencies explicitly • composer.json • PHP CompatInfo • Package into .deb or .rpm • Provides you with baseline caveats on which cloud is best for your application and exposes any dependency that may be detrimental to liberty

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3. Store config in the environment • Strict separation of config from code • Database, cache, queue, email, etc. • Store on environment variables • Reduce the pyschological encumbrance to switching cloud operating options • E.g. switch between an environment distributed among multiple cloud vendors to environment in a private cloud • Environment variables independently managed for each deploy

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4. Treat backing services as attached resources • Makes no distinction between local and third party services • A deploy of the twelve-factor app should be able to swap out a local MySQL database with one managed by a third party (such as Amazon RDS) without any changes to the app’s code • Only the resource handle in the config needs to change • In practice, we also need to consider constraints such as latency when connecting to a third party service. I.e. App on Azure connecting to RDS on AWS is probably non-optimal • In any case, the ability to attach and detach resources to deploys at will contributes to mobility in the cloud by making it simpler and faster to deal with change in backing resources. • Reflects trend: a lot of what is traditionally managed by system administrators are now available as managed SaaS

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@vitoc

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Attribution • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:The_Claddagh_Ring_pub.jpg • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Gartner_Hype_Cycle.svg • https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Devops.svg • http://12factor.net by Adam Wiggins