組織にテストを書く文化を根付かせる戦略と戦術 / Strategy and Tactics of Building Automated Testing Culture into Organization

by Takuto Wada

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૊৫ʹςετΛॻ͘ จԽΛࠜ෇͔ͤΔ ઓུͱઓज़ ࿨ా୎ਓ !U@XBEB %FD !ςΫγΦ

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࿨ా୎ਓ UXBEB U@XBEB UXBEB

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؂मɺ؂༁ɺ຋༁ͨ͠ຊͨͪ

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テスト書いてますか！！ ελϯυ໊ϫΠϧυɾαόϯφ

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“流しのペアプロ業”

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8%#13&447PMɺ݄೔ൃചɺ૑ץप೥ه೦߸

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assert(typeof item.id === 'strong') | | | | | | | false | | "foo" | Item{id:"foo",name:"bar"} "string" --- [string] 'strong' +++ [string] typeof item.id @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ str -o +i ng power-assert IUUQTHJUIVCDPNQPXFSBTTFSUKTQPXFSBTTFSU

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ΑΖ͓͘͠ئ͍͠·͢

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ઓུฤ ૊৫ʹςετΛॻ͘ จԽΛࠜ෇͔ͤΔ

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ݱ৔͔ΒͷதܧͰ͢

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ർฐ͖ͬͨ͠ݱ৔

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IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPTPLJOBXBTPCB ߥΈ͖ͬͨίʔυ

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ര஄ॲཧͷΑ͏ͳϦϦʔε

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lςετ͕ͳ͍ίʔυ͸ ϨΨγʔίʔυͩʂz

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ͭͷlͳΒΘ͠z

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IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPTELBMP lςετΛॻ࣌ؒ͘͸ͳ͍z

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ετϨε ςετ

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ࣗಈςετ ετϨε

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ςετΛॻ͕࣌ؒ͘ͳ͍ͷͰ ͸ͳ͘ɺςετΛॻ͔ͳ͍͔ Β͕࣌ؒͳ͘ͳΔͷͰ͢ɻ

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lಈ͘ίʔυʹ৮ΕΔͳz IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPT!/

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&EJU1SBZ͸ࢮ͕଴͍ͬͯΔ

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$PWFS.PEJGZ

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w จԽͷৢ੒͸೥୯ҐͷࣄۀʹͳΔ w ʮςετΛॻ͕࣌ؒ͘ͳ͍ʯͷͰ͸ ͳ͘ʮςετΛॻ͔ͳ͍͔Β͕࣌ؒ ͳ͘ͳΔʯ w ʮಈ͘ίʔυʹ৮ΕΔͳʯͱઓ͏ɻ ৮Εͳ͚Ε͹ڝ૪ྗ͕ऑ·Γɺࣄۀ ͸؇΍͔ʹࢮΜͰ͍͘ จԽΛม͍͑ͯ͘

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ಈ͘ίʔυʹ৮Εͳ͚Ε͹ࢮ͋ΔͷΈ

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จԽΛม͑Δ޷ྫ70:"(&ͷʮٕज़ྗධՁձʯ IUUQTTFMFDLDD

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w ϨΨγʔίʔυվળʹਖ਼ղ͸ͳ͍ w ςετࣗಈԽ͸ۜͷ஄ؙͰ͸ͳ͍ w ಋೖํ๏ʹ΋ۜͷ஄ؙ͸ͳ͍ w ಋೖΛ໨తʹͯ͠͸ͳΒͳ͍ w ঢ়گ͸ݱ৔ʹΑͬͯશͯҟͳΔ ۜͷ஄ؙ͸ແ͍

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w 5P#FͰ͸ͳ͘"T*Tͱ/PU5P#F͔Β͸͡ΊΔ w ྡͷࣳ͸੨͍ɻؾʹ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ w ਓ͸ࣗ෼ͷ଎౓Ͱ͔͠੒௕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ w ϓϩδΣΫτ΋ϓϩδΣΫτͷ଎౓Ͱ͔͠੒௕ Ͱ͖ͳ͍ w ʮ·ΘΓ͸΋͏ΈΜͳ΍͍ͬͯ·͢Αʯ͸ܶༀ ͳͷͰ༻๏༻ྔΛकͬͯ࢖͏͜ͱ ΠϚίί͔Β࢝ΊΔ

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w շෆշͰಈ͘ਓɺଛಘͰಈ͘ਓ w ϦϑΝΫλϦϯάͷշײ w ճؼςετͷ͓ಘײ w ϝτϦΫεͷୡ੒ײ w ͦͯ͠ϏδωεՁ஋ ਓΛ஌Δ

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ཧ࿦෢૷͢Δ

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ෆ۩߹ͷൃݟ͕ ஗ΕΕ͹஗ΕΔ΄Ͳ ίετ͕͔͔Δ IUUQTXXXBTURCPSHQSFTTSPPN*452#@$FSUJpDBUJPO@/FXT@@IUNM

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© Towersquest, Inc. 2010. all rights reserved. 5%%ಋೖޮՌ .4 *#. !31 IBM Driver MS Windows MS MSN MS Visual Studio ιʔείʔυαΠζ (KLOC) 41 6 26 155.2 ςετίʔυαΠζ (KLOC) 28.5 4 23.2 60.3 TDDΛ࠾༻͍ͯ͠ͳ͍ྨࣅϓϩ δΣΫτͰͷܽؕີ౓Λ̍ͱ͠ ͨͱ͖ͷܽؕີ౓ 0.61 0.38 0.24 0.09 TDD࠾༻ʹΑΓ૿Ճͨ͠ίʔυ ࣮૷࣌ؒ(؅ཧऀͷݟੵʹΑΔ) 15ʙ20% 25ʙ35% 15% 20ʙ25% N. Nagappan, M. E. Maximilien, T. Bhat and L. Williams: Realizing quality improvement through test driven development: results and experiences of four industrial teams, Journal of Empirical Software Engineering, vol. 13, pp. 289-302 (2008)

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© Towersquest, Inc. 2010. all rights reserved. 5%%ಋೖޮՌ ΤϦΫιϯଞ w 5%%Λ࣮ࢪͨ͠৔߹ʹใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ஌ݟ ‣ ػೳςετͰͷෆ۩߹ݕग़਺͕࡟ݮ͞Εͨ ‣ ίʔσΟϯά ࣮૷ ͷ͕࣌ؒˋ૿͑ͨ ‣ ςετͷΧόϨοδ͕େ͖͘ͳͬͨ w ඃݧऀΛର৅ͱͨ͠Ξϯέʔτ ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕σόοάͷ޻਺ΛݮΒ͢ͱײͨ͡ ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕ཁٻ͕ચ࿅͞ΕΔͱײͨ͡ ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕ίʔυͷ඼࣭Λ্͛Δͱײͨ͡ ‣ ͷඃݧऀ͕։ൃ޻਺ΛݮΒ͢ͱײͨ͡ !32 Boby George, a and Laurie Williams: A structured experiment of test-driven development, Journal of Information and Software Technology Vol. 46, No. 5, p. 337-342(2004)

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w ਓ͸ͦΕͧΕͷ౓߹͍ͰมԽʹର͠ ͯ਎ߏ͑Δ w લྫ͕ͳ͍ɺࣄྫ͕ͳ͍ ม͑Δ͜ͱͷ೉͠͞

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ࣄલʹڐՄΛಘΔΑΓɺ͋ͱ Ͱڐͯ͠΋Β͏ํָ͕ Grace Hopper l*UJTFBTJFSUPBTL GPSHJWFOFTTUIBOJUJT UPHFUQFSNJTTJPOz

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IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPTUPNQBHFOFU ςετ͸඼࣭Λ্͛ͳ͍

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w ඼࣭͕ʮΘ͔ΔʯΑ͏ʹͳΔ w Θ͔Δ͜ͱͦ͜େࣄ w ςετΛॻ͚ͩ͘Ͱ͸ɺྑ͘͸ͳΒͳ͍ w ମॏܭʹ৐Δ͚ͩͰ͸૫ͤͳ͍ w ඼࣭Λ্͛Δͷ͸ઃܭͱϓϩάϥϛϯά w ࠶ઃܭͱϦϑΝΫλϦϯάΛςετͰࢧ͑Δ ςετ͸඼࣭Λ্͛ͳ͍

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lςετͰ͸඼࣭͸্͕Βͳ͍ Ͱ͢Αɻςετ͸͋͘·Ͱ΋඼ ࣭Λ͋͛Δ͖͔͚ͬɻ඼࣭Λ͋ ͛Δͷ͸ϓϩάϥϛϯάͰ͢ɻ ͜Ε͸େੲ͔Βͦ͏ɻz

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૊৫ʹςετΛॻ͘ จԽΛࠜ෇͔ͤΔ ઓज़ฤ

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ͭͷlಓ͠Δ΂z

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w ʮϨΨγʔίʔυͷδϨϯϚʯ w lίʔυΛมߋ͢ΔͨΊʹ͸ςετΛ੔උ͢Δ ඞཁ͕͋Δɻଟ͘ͷ৔߹ɺςετΛ੔උ͢Δ ͨΊʹ͸ɺίʔυΛมߋ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δz w ϨΨγʔίʔυʹ৮ΔͨΊͷ  ޠኮͱٕ๏Λ੔ཧͨ͠ຊ w TUBDLPWFSqPXDPN͔Βͷ  ඃݴٴ਺ୈҐ ϨΨγʔίʔυվળΨΠυ

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w ϨΨγʔίʔυվળΨΠυΑΓ΍΍ந৅౓͕ߴ͍ w ιϑτ΢ΣΞͷϦΤϯδχΞϦϯάΛߦ͏ͭͷબ ୒ࢶΛ͍ࣔͯ͠Δ w ϦϑΝΫλϦϯά w ϦΞʔΩςΫςΟϯά w ϏοάɾϦϥΠτ ϨΨγʔιϑτ΢ΣΞվળΨΠυ

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Ͳ͜ʹςετΛ ॻ͍͍͔ͯ͘

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w ʮԿ͕Ұ൪΍͹͍Ͱ͔͢ʁʯ w ࠷΋ࠔ͍ͬͯΔͱ͜Ζ͔Β w ͓ۚɺݸਓ৘ใɺʜʜ w ৽ػೳ։ൃ͔Β w όάमਖ਼ͷͱ͜Ζ͔Β w ੩తղੳͰϐϯϙΠϯτʹ Ͳ͔͜Β΍Δ͔

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ʮ௧ΜͩՕॴʯͱʮख͕ಧ͘Ռ࣮ʯ

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w ϦεΫ w खಈςετͷίετ w ࣗಈԽίετ ςετͷτϦΞʔδ

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ςετέʔεΛҰཡʹ·ͱΊΔ ςετέʔε σβΠϯมߋ ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ औҾཤྺ ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁ ৽نϢʔβొ࿥ ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑ ͓ۚͷೖۚ ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ

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ϦεΫΛݟੵ΋Δ ςετέʔε ϦεΫ σβΠϯมߋ ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ औҾཤྺ ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁ ৽نϢʔβొ࿥ ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑ ͓ۚͷೖۚ ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ

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खಈςετͷίετΛݟੵ΋Δ ςετέʔε ϦεΫ खಈςετͷ ίετ σβΠϯมߋ ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ औҾཤྺ ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁ ৽نϢʔβొ࿥ ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑ ͓ۚͷೖۚ ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ

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ࣗಈԽίετΛݟੵ΋Δ ςετέʔε ϦεΫ खಈςετͷ ίετ ࣗಈԽίετ σβΠϯมߋ ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ औҾཤྺ ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁ ৽نϢʔβొ࿥ ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑ ͓ۚͷೖۚ ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ

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༏ઌॱҐΛ෇͚ͯฒ΂ସ͑Δ ςετέʔε ϦεΫ खಈςετͷ ίετ ࣗಈԽίετ ޱ࠲ͷౚ݁ ৼΓࠐΈͷ֬ೝ औҾཤྺ ݕࡧ݁Ռͷฒͼସ͑ ͓ۚͷೖۚ ηΩϡϦςΟΞϥʔτ ৽نϢʔβొ࿥ σβΠϯมߋ

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Ͳ͏ςετΛ ॻ͍͍͔ͯ͘

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w ઀߹෦ͷݕ౼ͱۛຯ w ߜΓࠐΈ఺ͷൃݟͱґଘͷ෼཭ w ࠶ݱੑ͋Δςετϋʔωεͷ੔උ w ௒ूதฤू )ZQFSBXBSF&EJUJOH w ίϯύΠϥ*%&·͔ͤ w ࢓༷Խςετ w ࢼߦϦϑΝΫλϦϯά ϨΨγʔίʔυվળͷٕ๏

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w ࠷ॳ͔Βશ෦΍Ζ͏ͱ͠ͳ͍ w ςετۦಈʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ w ςετϑΝʔετʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ w ʮϢχοτʯςετʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ w ςετͷ࣮ߦ଎౓ʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ w ςετͷ໢ཏੑʹͩ͜ΘΔͳ ͩ͜ΘΔͳ

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w ྑ͍Ϣχοτςετͷࢦඪʹ΋༏ઌ ౓͕͋Δ w ࠶ݱɺ܁Γฦ͠Մೳ 3FQFBUBCMF w ಠཱ͍ͯ͠Δ *OEFQFOEFOU w ଞ͸ͦΕ͔ΒͰ͍͍ ͩ͜ΘΖ͏

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w ςετ͕ͳ͍ͷ͸طʹઃܭ͕ѱ͍ஹީ w ઃܭ࣮૷Λม͑Δͷ͕લఏ w ࣮૷ͷςετΛॻ͔ͳ͍͜ͱ w ςετ͕Χόʔ͢Δൣғʹ༡ͼΛ࣋ͨ ͤɺΧόʔൣғ಺ΛϦϑΝΫλϦϯά w ঢ়گʹԠͯ͡&&ςετΛ࢖͍͜ͳ͢ ઃܭͷՄಈҬΛ֬อ͢Δ

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ςετࣗಈԽϐϥϛουͱΞϯνύλʔϯ IUUQTXBUJSNFMPOCMPHJOUSPEVDJOHUIFTPGUXBSFUFTUJOHJDFDSFBNDPOF

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l5FTU4J[FTzBU(PPHMF IUUQTUFTUJOHHPPHMFCMPHDPNUFTUTJ[FTIUNM

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medium small large ࣗ෼ͨͪͰ4.-Λఆٛ͠ɺௐ੔͢Δ

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Y6OJU5FTU1BUUFSOTΑΓ ςετͷϝϯςφϯείετ ཧ૝ ݱ࣮ ςετͷϝϯςφϯείετ͕༩͑Δμϝʔδ

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w Ұ౓ʹଟ͘ͷਓΛม͑Δͷ͸೉͍͠ w ҭͯΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺࣗΒҭͭΑ͏ʹ w ڭ͑ΒΕΔਓΛ૿΍͢ w ϖΞϓϩͰҰਓͣͭ w एखͷϗʔϓ͔ɺϕςϥϯ͔Β͔ ͩΕͱ΍Δ͔

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ϖΞϓϩάϥϛϯά

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w ׂΕ૭ཧ࿦ w ϝτϦΫεΛऔΖ͏ w ΧόϨοδ͕௿͍͏ͪ͸ଌఆ͸ޮՌେ w খ͏Δ͍͞πʔϧΛ৐Γ͜ͳ͢ w ෼฼෼ࢠΛݟͳ͍ɻ࣌ؒΛ௥ͬͨมԽ ΛݟΔɻ܏͖ΛݟΔɻ ݟ͑ΔԽ

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IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPTTSHCMPH ΞϯνύλʔϯΧόϨοδΛ චهࢼݧͷΑ͏ʹѻ͏

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IUUQTXXXqJDLSDPNQIPUPT!/ ΧόϨοδ͸ܭثͷͻͱͭ

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w ಈతςετͱ੩తςετ w શମͷϝτϦΫεΛܭଌͯ͠၆ᛌͷ ࢹ఺ΛಘΔ w ෦෼తͳϝτϦΫεΛܭଌ͠ଓ͚ͯ ܏޲ΛݟΔ w 1.% SVCPDPQ $PWFSJUZ ʜ ੩తղੳΛ࢖͍͜ͳ͢

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w ίʔυϨϏϡʔͷΠϯϑϥʹ౤ࢿ w HJUIVC HJUMBC HJUCVDLFU w 8*1QVMMSFRVFTU w ίʔυΛݟΔจԽɺݟΒΕΔจԽΛ ҭͯΔ ίʔυϨϏϡʔ

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w αϯϓϧͱσϞ͕େࣄ w ਅࣅͯ͠΋Β͏౔୆Λ࡞Δ w ࠷ॳ͸αϯϓϧͷίϐϖͰ΋ྑ͍ w ςετͷ͋Δੜ׆Λମݧͯ͠΋Β͏ ͜ͱ͕େࣄ w ࣍ʹςετͷϝϯςφϯεΛֶͿ എதΛݟͤΔ

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w Ͱ͖Δ͔Β΍ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͍ w ΍Δ͔ΒͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͳΔ w ͋ͳ͕ͨॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹͳΒͳ͚Ε͹ɺ ୭΋ॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹ͸ͳΒͳ͍ 4PDJBM$IBOHFTUBSUTXJUI:06

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ςετ͸ϓϩͷᅂΈ ͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠