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pushing the limits with ReactPHP why ReactPHP is awesome and why YOU should care

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Agenda - Hello! - PHP, the web of the ‘90s? - Enter React - Core components - Examples and demo time - Conclusions 2

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Hello! 3

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$ whoami Christian Lück 4

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$ whoami Christian Lueck 5

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$ whoami Christian Lueck 6

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$ whoami Christian Lueck @clue 7

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$ whoami Christian Lueck @another_clue 8

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$ whoami Christian Lueck @another_clue passionate about pushing the limits 9

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$ whoami Christian Lueck @another_clue passionate about pushing the limits freelance software engineer 10

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Who are you? 11 now that you know me…

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Who are you? 12 now that you know me… - PHP developers? - architecs / engineers?

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Who are you? 13 now that you know me… - PHP developers? - architecs / engineers? - know React?

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The other React™ 15

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The REAL React™ 16

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PHP, the web of the ‘90s? 17

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PHP and the web of the ‘90s - traditional LAMP stack - Request-Response-Cycle 18 Apache Client PHP MySQL

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PHP and the web of the ‘90s - traditional LAMP stack - Request-Response-Cycle - PHP is too slow? - We sure can improve this… 19 Apache Client PHP MySQL

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PHP and the web of the ‘90s - traditional LAMP stack - Request-Response-Cycle - PHP is too slow? - We sure can improve this… 20 Apache Client PHP MySQL Apache Client FPM MySQL PHP PHP

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PHP and the web of the ‘90s - traditional LAMP stack - Request-Response-Cycle - PHP is too slow? - We sure can improve this… 21 Apache Client PHP MySQL Apache Client FPM MySQL PHP PHP nginx Client FPM MySQL PHP PHP

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PHP and the web of the ‘90s - traditional LAMP stack - Request-Response-Cycle - PHP is too slow? - We sure can improve this… 22 Apache Client PHP MySQL Apache Client FPM MySQL PHP PHP nginx Client FPM MySQL PHP PHP nginx Client FPM memcache PHP PHP MySQL

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PHP may not be pretty… 23

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PHP may not be pretty… but it gets the job done! 24

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Knock knock! Who’s there? 25

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Knock knock! 2017! Who’s there? 26

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Knock knock! 2017! - Separation of concerns (Frontend↔Backend) - HTTP APIs (RESTful) - Integration with 3rd parties - Live-Data (ticker) - CLI tools Who’s there? 27

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nodejs? 28

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no js! 29

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Enter React! 30

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What is React? 31

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What is React? non-blocking I/O 32

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What is React? non-blocking I/O event-driven 33

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What is React? non-blocking I/O event-driven async 34

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100% 35

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100% pure PHP 36

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100% pure PHP no extensions 37

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100% pure PHP no extensions no magic 38

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What does that even mean?! 39

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the idea 40

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the idea calculations are fast 41

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the idea calculations are fast I/O is slow 42

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I/O is everywhere 43

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I/O is everywhere third party HTTP APIs (RESTful, SOAP, you name it…) 44

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I/O is everywhere third party HTTP APIs (RESTful, SOAP, you name it…) mysql, postgres 45

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I/O is everywhere third party HTTP APIs (RESTful, SOAP, you name it…) mysql, postgres filesystem I/O (session files) 46

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I/O is everywhere third party HTTP APIs (RESTful, SOAP, you name it…) mysql, postgres filesystem I/O (session files) redis, memcache 47

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48 Source: Latency Numbers Every Programmer Should Know: https://gist.github.com/jboner/2841832 CPU vs I/O

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I/O is slow! 49

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I/O is slow! So why wait? 50

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This is React 51

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This is React 52 Start multiple I/O operations (non-blocking)

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This is React 53 Start multiple I/O operations (non-blocking) Get notified when something happens (react)

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This is React 54 Start multiple I/O operations (non-blocking) Get notified when something happens (react) Don’t waste time waiting

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What React is not 55

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What React is not - React is not black magic / vodoo - Does not make your code faster magically 56

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What React is not - React is not black magic / vodoo - Does not make your code faster magically - React is not a framework - Indepentent components (libraries) 57

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What React is not - React is not black magic / vodoo - Does not make your code faster magically - React is not a framework - Indepentent components (libraries) - React is not a replacement for your favorite framework - Symfony is here to stay 58

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What React is not - React is not black magic / vodoo - Does not make your code faster magically - React is not a framework - Indepentent components (libraries) - React is not a replacement for your favorite framework - Symfony is here to stay - React is not the new buzz - React is here to stay as well (started in 2012) 59

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React core components 60

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React Core components - Event loop (reactor) - Streams - Promises 61

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Event loop Consumers - THE core, low-level component 62

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Event loop Consumers - THE core, low-level component - Create an instance - Just use the Factory - Additional extensions for bigger payloads - something inbetween… - just pass the $loop around - Start running - keeps running forever - unless stopped or done 63

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Event loop Consumers - THE core, low-level component - Create an instance - Just use the Factory - Additional extensions for bigger payloads - something inbetween… - just pass the $loop around - Start running - keeps running forever - unless stopped or done 64 $loop = Factory::create(); // something inbetween // pass the $loop around to all components $loop->run();

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Event loop Implementors - Reactor pattern (hence the name) 65

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Event loop Implementors - Reactor pattern (hence the name) - start timers - once - periodic - ticks 66 $loop->addTimer(0.5, function () { echo ‘world’; }); $loop->addTimer(0.3, function () { echo ‘hello’; });

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Event loop Implementors - Reactor pattern (hence the name) - start timers - once - periodic - ticks - wait for stream resources to become - readable - writable 67 $loop->addTimer(0.5, function () { echo ‘world’; }); $loop->addTimer(0.3, function () { echo ‘hello’; }); $loop->addReadStream($stream, $fn); $loop->addWriteStream($stream, $fn);

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Streams - Process large strings in chunks as they happen (think downloads) - Types - Readable (e.g. STDIN pipe) - Writable (e.g. STDOUT pipe) - Duplex (e.g. TCP/IP connection) 68

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Streams - interfaces, events and listeners: 69 $dest->write(‘hello’); $source->on(‘data’, function ($data) { var_dump($data); }); $source->on(‘close’, function () { echo ‘stream closed’; });

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Streams - interfaces, events and listeners: 70 $dest->write(‘hello’); $source->on(‘data’, function ($data) { var_dump($data); }); $source->on(‘close’, function () { echo ‘stream closed’; }); $source->pipe($gunzip)->pipe($badwords)->pipe($dest);

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Promises - Placeholder for a single future result - Possible states: - pending - fulfilled (successfully resolved) - rejected (Exception occured) 71

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Promises - no more imperative code flow - instead (tell, don’t ask) 72 $a->then($fulfilled = null, $rejected = null); $a->then(‘process’); $a->then(‘process’, ‘var_dump’);

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Examples and demo time! 73

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Socket server 74 react/socket - THE canonical chat example - broadcast all incoming msgs

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Socket server 75 react/socket - THE canonical chat example - broadcast all incoming msgs - run example server - connect via telnet: $ telnet ipc.clue.engineering 6001

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HTTP client 77 clue/buzz-react - Simple HTTP requests - inspired by kriswallsmith/buzz - PSR-7 compatible

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HTTP client 78 clue/buzz-react - Simple HTTP requests - inspired by kriswallsmith/buzz - PSR-7 compatible - Promises and Streams - It’s fast…

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HTTP client 79 clue/buzz-react - Simple HTTP requests - inspired by kriswallsmith/buzz - PSR-7 compatible - Promises and Streams - It’s fast… - benchmarks in following slides about clue/docker-react

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Packagist API clue/packagist-api-react - get information about any Composer package - simple, Promise-based - lightweight wrapper between - KnpLabs/packagist-api - clue/buzz-react 80

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Packagist API clue/packagist-api-react - get information about any Composer package - simple, Promise-based - lightweight wrapper between - KnpLabs/packagist-api - clue/buzz-react 81 - see its examples $ php examples/search.php

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Docker client clue/docker-react - Run apps in isolated containers - “build, ship and run, anywhere” - Controlled through HTTP API - Promises and Streams 82

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Docker client clue/docker-react - Run apps in isolated containers - “build, ship and run, anywhere” - Controlled through HTTP API - Promises and Streams 83 - see its promise examples $ php examples/info.php - see its streaming examples $ php examples/benchmark-exec.php

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700 MiB/s 84

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700 MiB/s 85 dockerd maxed out PHP not

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HTTP server react/http - Pure PHP, with no additional webserver - standard PSR-7 interfaces 86

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HTTP server react/http - Pure PHP, with no additional webserver - standard PSR-7 interfaces - Lots of third-party integrations with traditional frameworks (symfony, slim, silex, PIMF etc.) 87

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5k requests/s 88

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5k requests/s 89 this is a local single core benchmark!

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5k requests/s 90 this is a local single core benchmark! dual core i3 => 10k requests/s

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5k requests/s 91 this is a local single core benchmark! dual core i3 => 10k requests/s 36M requests/h

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Server sent events clue/sse-react - Server sent events (SSE) - aka. EventSource (browser API) - Streaming events to browser - limited browser support 92

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Server sent events clue/sse-react - Server sent events (SSE) - aka. EventSource (browser API) - Streaming events to browser - limited browser support 93 - see examples connecting to initial chat $ php examples/chat-server.php - open browser: http://ipc.clue.engineering:7000/

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Websocket server cboden/ratchet - Async WebSocket server - bidirectional data flow between browser and server - better browser support 95

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Redis client 96 clue/redis-react - Redis is a fast in-memory DB - very simple commands - very simple protocol - pipelined, Promise-based

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Redis client 97 clue/redis-react - Redis is a fast in-memory DB - very simple commands - very simple protocol - pipelined, Promise-based - see its examples $ php examples/incr.php

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Redis server 98

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Redis server 99 - Official Redis is written in C

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Redis server 100 clue/php-redis-server - Official Redis is written in C - Reimplementation is pure PHP

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Redis server 101 clue/php-redis-server - Official Redis is written in C - Reimplementation is pure PHP - Very simple to add commands

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Redis server 102 clue/php-redis-server - Official Redis is written in C - Reimplementation is pure PHP - Very simple to add commands - How fast could PHP possibly be? Let’s see…

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Redis server 103 clue/php-redis-server - Official Redis is written in C - Reimplementation is pure PHP - Very simple to add commands - How fast could PHP possibly be? Let’s see… - see its bin $ php bin/redis-server.php - test via clue/redis-react - test via official redis CLI - run official redis benchmark during talk: - official server: ~90k OP/s - PHP server: ~50k OP/s

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50k OP/s 104

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50k OP/s pure PHP who needs native code anyway? 105

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Redis framework 106 clue/php-redis-framework - Development preview - Very simple to add custom commands

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Redis framework 107 clue/php-redis-framework - Development preview - Very simple to add custom commands - run example server $ php examples/11-beer.php - connect via telnet: $ telnet IP 9000

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UPnP clue/ssdp-react - Univeral Plug and Play (UPnP) - Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP) - dicover UPnP-enabled devices - printers - routers - multi media devices 109

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UPnP clue/ssdp-react - Univeral Plug and Play (UPnP) - Simple Service Discovery Protocol (SSDP) - dicover UPnP-enabled devices - printers - routers - multi media devices 110 - see its examples $ php examples/search.php

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Zenity clue/zenity-react - PHP desktop GUI applications - very simple, Promise-based 111

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Zenity clue/zenity-react - PHP desktop GUI applications - very simple, Promise-based 112 - see its simple examples $ php examples/01-dialog.php - see its more realistic examples $ php examples/06-menu.php $ php examples/03-progress-pulsate.php $ php examples/03-progress-random.php

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many, MANY more third-party projects: https://github.com/reactphp/react/wiki/Users 116

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Conclusions 117

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Conclusions 118 - React is a real deal and here to stay - React is stable and production ready - predictable releases - but possibly feature-incomplete (check open issues)

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Conclusions 119 - React is a real deal and here to stay - React is stable and production ready - predictable releases - but possibly feature-incomplete (check open issues) - React does not make your code faster magically

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Conclusions 120 - React is a real deal and here to stay - React is stable and production ready - predictable releases - but possibly feature-incomplete (check open issues) - React does not make your code faster magically - Consider using React whenever you’re having to wait - Consider using React whenever you’re accessing the network

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PHP is faster than you probably thought 121

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PHP is more versatile than you probably thought 122

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Need help? Want to help? - check each component’s README - check open issues 123

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Need help? Want to help? - check each component’s README - check open issues - join #reactphp on irc.freenode.org - tweet @ReactPHP or #reactphp 124

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Need help? Want to help? - check each component’s README - check open issues - join #reactphp on irc.freenode.org - tweet @ReactPHP or #reactphp - Talk to me 125

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Need help? Want to help? - check each component’s README - check open issues - join #reactphp on irc.freenode.org - tweet @ReactPHP or #reactphp - Talk to me Did I mention I’m available? 126

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// thank you! $loop->stop(); 127 @another_clue – https://lueck.tv/

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Avoid blocking! - The loop must not be blocked 128

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Avoid blocking! - The loop must not be blocked - Many functions / lib assume blocking by default - Anything >1ms should be reconsidered 129

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Avoid blocking! - The loop must not be blocked - Many functions / lib assume blocking by default - Anything >1ms should be reconsidered - Alternatives - Single result: Promises - Evented: Streams 130

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Avoid blocking! - The loop must not be blocked - Many functions / lib assume blocking by default - Anything >1ms should be reconsidered - Alternatives - Single result: Promises - Evented: Streams - Need a blocking function? - Fork off! - Use IPC 131

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Avoid blocking! - The loop must not be blocked - Many functions / lib assume blocking by default - Anything >1ms should be reconsidered - Alternatives - Single result: Promises - Evented: Streams - Need a blocking function? - Fork off! - Use IPC 132 Pay attention: - PDO, mysql etc. - file system access - network access - third-party APIs

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Integration with traditional environments 133 integrating async into sync is easy

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Integration with traditional environments 134 integrating async into sync is easy - just run the loop until you’re done - see clue/block-react

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Integration with traditional environments 135 integrating async into sync is easy - just run the loop until you’re done - see clue/block-react integrating sync into async is hard

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Integration with traditional environments 136 integrating async into sync is easy - just run the loop until you’re done - see clue/block-react integrating sync into async is hard - often requires async rewrite - consider forking instead