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Chrome Custom Tabs の仕組みから学ぶ プロセス間通信 大前良介（OHMAE Ryosuke） DroidKaigi 2019

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自己紹介 大前良介（OHMAE Ryosuke） https://github.com/ohmae ヤフー株式会社 Androidアプリエンジニア Yahoo! JAPAN Yahoo!ブラウザー buzzHOME

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Chrome Custom Tabs

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Chrome Custom Tabs 使ったことありますか？ 質問

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Chrome Custom Tabs アプリ内ブラウザのような見た目で Chromeを呼び出すことができる

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使い方は？

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ライブラリ •SupportLibrary com.android.support:customtabs •Jetpack androidx.browser:browser

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CustomTabsClient.bindCustomTabsService( context, packageName, this) ... CustomTabsIntent.Builder(session) ... .build() .launchUrl(this, Uri.parse(url)) バインドしてセッション指定 com.android.support:customtabs

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val customTabsIntent = CustomTabsIntent.Builder() ... .build() customTabsIntent.intent.setPackage(packageName) customTabsIntent.launchUrl(this, Uri.parse(url)) Intentにパッケージ指定

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利用するパッケージの決定方法 https://github.com/ GoogleChrome/custom-tabs-client /shared/src/main/java/org/chromium/customtabsclient/shared/ CustomTabsHelper.java String getPackageNameToUse(Context)

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Intent activityIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("http://www.example.com")); List resolvedActivityList = pm.queryIntentActivities(activityIntent, 0); for (ResolveInfo info : resolvedActivityList) { Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(); serviceIntent.setAction(ACTION_CUSTOM_TABS_CONNECTION); serviceIntent.setPackage(info.activityInfo.packageName); if (pm.resolveService(serviceIntent, 0) != null) { packagesSupportingCustomTabs .add(info.activityInfo.packageName); } } 適当なURLを起動するIntent

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Intent activityIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("http://www.example.com")); List resolvedActivityList = pm.queryIntentActivities(activityIntent, 0); for (ResolveInfo info : resolvedActivityList) { Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(); serviceIntent.setAction(ACTION_CUSTOM_TABS_CONNECTION); serviceIntent.setPackage(info.activityInfo.packageName); if (pm.resolveService(serviceIntent, 0) != null) { packagesSupportingCustomTabs .add(info.activityInfo.packageName); } } ブラウザアプリのリスト

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Intent activityIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("http://www.example.com")); List resolvedActivityList = pm.queryIntentActivities(activityIntent, 0); for (ResolveInfo info : resolvedActivityList) { Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(); serviceIntent.setAction(ACTION_CUSTOM_TABS_CONNECTION); serviceIntent.setPackage(info.activityInfo.packageName); if (pm.resolveService(serviceIntent, 0) != null) { packagesSupportingCustomTabs .add(info.activityInfo.packageName); } } android.support.customtabs.action .CustomTabsService Actionを受け取る Intent-Filterを持つサービス

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使用されるアプリは ブラウザ かつ Custom Tabsサービス を持つアプリ

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Chromeだけが 選ばれるわけじゃない

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Firefox Custom Tabs

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他にもいっぱい対応ブラウザ https://github.com/ohmae/ custom-tabs-sample

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・・・ってことは アプリを限定しない 汎用的なプロトコル！？

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CustomTabs対応ブラウザ 作ってみました https://github.com/ohmae/custom-tabs-browser

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Android的正攻法な プロセス間通信の ノウハウの宝庫

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本日の内容 Custom Tabsで使われている Android的正攻法な プロセス間通信を紹介 基本中の基本だけど奥深い！

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Androidのプロセス間通信 •Intent • startActivity/startActivityForResult • startService/sendBroadcast •AIDL（Android Interface Definition Language） •Content Provider •その他（Socket通信・ファイル共有・etc.）

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Custom Tabsで使われるプロセス間通信 •Intent • startActivity/startActivityForResult • startService/sendBroadcast •AIDL（Android Interface Definition Language） •Content Provider •その他（Socket通信・ファイル共有・etc.）

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プロトコルに対応した アプリを探す

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Intent activityIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, Uri.parse("http://www.example.com")); List resolvedActivityList = pm.queryIntentActivities(activityIntent, 0); for (ResolveInfo info : resolvedActivityList) { Intent serviceIntent = new Intent(); serviceIntent.setAction(ACTION_CUSTOM_TABS_CONNECTION); serviceIntent.setPackage(info.activityInfo.packageName); if (pm.resolveService(serviceIntent, 0) != null) { packagesSupportingCustomTabs .add(info.activityInfo.packageName); } }

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PackageManager #queryIntentActivities #queryIntentServices #resolveActivity #resolveService 等をつかって探す

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AndroidManifest

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プロトコルの宣言は intent-filter AndroidManifestは アプリの仕様宣言

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AIDL

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class CustomTabsHelper() : CustomTabsServiceConnection() { override fun onCustomTabsServiceConnected( name: ComponentName, client: CustomTabsClient) { client.warmup(0) val session = client.newSession(CustomTabsCallback()) session.mayLaunchUrl(Uri.parse(url), null, urlList) } override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName) {} }

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interface ICustomTabsService { boolean warmup(long flags) = 1; boolean newSession(in ICustomTabsCallback callback) = 2; boolean mayLaunchUrl(in ICustomTabsCallback callback, in Uri url, in Bundle extras, in List otherLikelyBundles) = 3; Bundle extraCommand(String commandName, in Bundle args) = 4; boolean updateVisuals(in ICustomTabsCallback callback, in Bundle bundle) = 5; boolean requestPostMessageChannel(in ICustomTabsCallback callback, in Uri postMessageOrigin) = 6; int postMessage(in ICustomTabsCallback callback, String message, in Bundle extras) = 7; boolean validateRelationship(in ICustomTabsCallback callback, int relation, in Uri origin, in Bundle extras) = 8; } AIDL

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class CustomTabsConnectionService : CustomTabsService() { override fun warmup(flags: Long): Boolean = false override fun newSession(sessionToken: CustomTabsSessionToken?): Boolean = true override fun mayLaunchUrl( sessionToken: CustomTabsSessionToken?, url: Uri?, extras: Bundle?, otherLikelyBundles: MutableList?): Boolean = true override fun extraCommand(commandName: String?, args: Bundle?): Bundle? = null override fun requestPostMessageChannel( sessionToken: CustomTabsSessionToken?, postMessageOrigin: Uri?): Boolean = false override fun postMessage( sessionToken: CustomTabsSessionToken?, message: String?, extras: Bundle? ): Int = CustomTabsService.RESULT_FAILURE_DISALLOWED override fun validateRelationship( sessionToken: CustomTabsSessionToken?, relation: Int, origin: Uri?, extras: Bundle?): Boolean = false override fun updateVisuals( sessionToken: CustomTabsSessionToken?, bundle: Bundle?): Boolean = false } 起動先

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複雑なので簡単な例で

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AIDL interface IRemoteService { String sendMessage(String message); }

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起動先 class MainService : Service() { override fun onBind(intent: Intent): IBinder { return object : IRemoteService.Stub() { override fun sendMessage(message: String): String { return message } } } }

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val intent = Intent(Const.ACTION_AIDL) intent.setPackage("net.mm2d.aidl.app1") bindService(intent, object : ServiceConnection { override fun onServiceConnected( name: ComponentName?, service: IBinder?) { remoteService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service) remoteService.sendMessage("message") } override fun onServiceDisconnected(name: ComponentName?) { remoteService = null } }, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) 別プロセスの メソッドをコール

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AIDL - メリット •アプリ間でメソッドコールが可能 •引数・戻り値ともに使える •データ型も柔軟 •プリミティブ型・String・Parcelable •それらを要素とするList・Map •比較的大きなデータも送受信可

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AIDL - 注意点 •バインド先プロセスが生きている必要あり •DeadObjectException •スレッドセーフに作る •アプリをまたいだメソッドコールはBinderス レッドで実行される •密結合にならないようによく考えて •一度リリースしてしまうと修正ほぼ不可

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Intent

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CustomTabsIntent ってどんなIntent？

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Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intent.putExtras(bundle); intent.putExtra(...) intent.setData(uri); context.startActivity(intent, startAnimationBundle);

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URIを開くIntent ＋ Extra

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Intent経由で渡せるパラメータ •Action（String） •Category（String） •Data（Uri） •Extra（Bundle）

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Intent経由で渡せるパラメータ •Action（String） •Category（String） •Data（Uri） •Extra（Bundle）

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ツールバー色・クローズアイコン

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public Builder setToolbarColor(@ColorInt int color) { mIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_TOOLBAR_COLOR, color); return this; } val toolbarColor: Int = intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_TOOLBAR_COLOR, Color.WHITE) 起動元 起動先

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public Builder setToolbarColor(@ColorInt int color) { mIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_TOOLBAR_COLOR, color); return this; } val toolbarColor: Int = intent.getIntExtra(EXTRA_TOOLBAR_COLOR, Color.WHITE) 起動元 起動先

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public Builder setCloseButtonIcon(@NonNull Bitmap icon) { mIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_CLOSE_BUTTON_ICON, icon); return this; } val closeIcon: Bitmap? = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CLOSE_BUTTON_ICON) 起動元 起動先

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public Builder setCloseButtonIcon(@NonNull Bitmap icon) { mIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_CLOSE_BUTTON_ICON, icon); return this; } val closeIcon: Bitmap? = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_CLOSE_BUTTON_ICON) 起動元 起動先

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プリミティブ型 Parcelable そのまま使える

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TransactionTooLargeException 大きなデータを渡すことはできない 注意

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コールバック

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CustomTabsIntent.Builder(session) ... .build() .launchUrl(this, Uri.parse(url))

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public Builder(@Nullable CustomTabsSession session) { if (session != null) mIntent.setPackage(session.getComponentName() .getPackageName()); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); BundleCompat.putBinder( bundle, EXTRA_SESSION, session == null ? null : session.getBinder()); mIntent.putExtras(bundle); }

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public Builder(@Nullable CustomTabsSession session) { if (session != null) mIntent.setPackage(session.getComponentName() .getPackageName()); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); BundleCompat.putBinder( bundle, EXTRA_SESSION, session == null ? null : session.getBinder()); mIntent.putExtras(bundle); }

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public final class CustomTabsSession { ... /* package */ IBinder getBinder() { return mCallback.asBinder(); }

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IBinderをExtraで 渡すことができる

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val callback: CustomTabsCallback? = try { CustomTabsSessionToken .getSessionTokenFromIntent(intent)?.callback } catch (e: Exception) { null }

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単純な例

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interface ICallback1 { void callback(String message); } val binder = BundleCompat.getBinder( intent.extras, Const.EXTRA_CALLBACK1) ICallback1.Stub.asInterface(binder).callback("message") val callback = object : ICallback1.Stub() { override fun callback(message: String?) {...} } intent.putExtras(Bundle().also { BundleCompat.putBinder(it, Const.EXTRA_CALLBACK1, callback) }) startActivity(intent) AIDL 起動元 起動先

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interface ICallback2 { Bitmap callback(); } val binder = BundleCompat.getBinder( intent.extras, Const.EXTRA_CALLBACK2) val bitmap = ICallback2.Stub.asInterface(binder).callback() val callback = object : ICallback2.Stub() { override fun callback(): Bitmap? {...} } intent.putExtras(Bundle().also { BundleCompat.putBinder(it, Const.EXTRA_CALLBACK2, callback) }) startActivity(intent) AIDL 起動元 起動先 1MB以上 OK

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ブラウザモード CustomTabsモード Activityを分ける

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public static Intent setAlwaysUseBrowserUI(Intent intent) { if (intent == null) intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); intent.putExtra(EXTRA_USER_OPT_OUT_FROM_CUSTOM_TABS, true); return intent; } public static boolean shouldAlwaysUseBrowserUI(Intent intent) { return intent.getBooleanExtra( EXTRA_USER_OPT_OUT_FROM_CUSTOM_TABS, false) && (intent.getFlags() & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0; } 起動元 起動先

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public static Intent setAlwaysUseBrowserUI(Intent intent) { if (intent == null) intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); intent.putExtra(EXTRA_USER_OPT_OUT_FROM_CUSTOM_TABS, true); return intent; } public static boolean shouldAlwaysUseBrowserUI(Intent intent) { return intent.getBooleanExtra( EXTRA_USER_OPT_OUT_FROM_CUSTOM_TABS, false) && (intent.getFlags() & Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0; } 起動元 起動先

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Intent-filterには Extraの条件をつけられない

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踏み台 Activity

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class IntentDispatcher : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val launchIntent = intent ?: return if (isCustomTabIntent(launchIntent)) { launchIntent.setClass(this, CustomTabsActivity::class.java) } else { launchIntent.setClass(this, BrowserActivity::class.java) } startActivity(launchIntent) finish() } private fun isCustomTabIntent(intent: Intent): Boolean { if (CustomTabsIntent.shouldAlwaysUseBrowserUI(intent)) return false if (!intent.hasExtra(CustomTabsIntent.EXTRA_SESSION)) return false return intent.data != null }

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class IntentDispatcher : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val launchIntent = intent ?: return if (isCustomTabIntent(launchIntent)) { launchIntent.setClass(this, CustomTabsActivity::class.java) } else { launchIntent.setClass(this, BrowserActivity::class.java) } startActivity(launchIntent) finish() } private fun isCustomTabIntent(intent: Intent): Boolean { if (CustomTabsIntent.shouldAlwaysUseBrowserUI(intent)) return false if (!intent.hasExtra(CustomTabsIntent.EXTRA_SESSION)) return false return intent.data != null }

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class IntentDispatcher : AppCompatActivity() { override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState) val launchIntent = intent ?: return if (isCustomTabIntent(launchIntent)) { launchIntent.setClass(this, CustomTabsActivity::class.java) } else { launchIntent.setClass(this, BrowserActivity::class.java) } startActivity(launchIntent) finish() } private fun isCustomTabIntent(intent: Intent): Boolean { if (CustomTabsIntent.shouldAlwaysUseBrowserUI(intent)) return false if (!intent.hasExtra(CustomTabsIntent.EXTRA_SESSION)) return false return intent.data != null }

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アニメーション

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CustomTabsIntent.Builder(session) .setStartAnimations(this, R.anim.slide_in_right, R.anim.slide_out_left) .setExitAnimations(this, R.anim.slide_in_left, R.anim.slide_out_right) .build() .launchUrl(this, Uri.parse(url))

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public Builder setStartAnimations( @NonNull Context context, @AnimRes int enterResId, @AnimRes int exitResId) { mStartAnimationBundle = ActivityOptionsCompat.makeCustomAnimation( context, enterResId, exitResId).toBundle(); return this; } public void launchUrl(Context context, Uri url) { intent.setData(url); ContextCompat.startActivity(context, intent, startAnimationBundle); }

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public Builder setExitAnimations( @NonNull Context context, @AnimRes int enterResId, @AnimRes int exitResId) { Bundle bundle = ActivityOptionsCompat.makeCustomAnimation( context, enterResId, exitResId).toBundle(); mIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_EXIT_ANIMATION_BUNDLE, bundle); return this; } b.putInt(KEY_ANIM_ENTER_RES_ID, mCustomEnterResId); b.putInt(KEY_ANIM_EXIT_RES_ID, mCustomExitResId);

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リソースID

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val animationBundle = intent .getBundleExtra(EXTRA_EXIT_ANIMATION_BUNDLE) enterAnimationRes = animationBundle .getInt(BUNDLE_ENTER_ANIMATION_RESOURCE) exitAnimationRes = animationBundle .getInt(BUNDLE_EXIT_ANIMATION_RESOURCE) 起動先

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別アプリの リソースID

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val resources = packageManager .getResourcesForApplication(packageName) val icon = resources.getDrawable(id, theme)

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override fun finish() { super.finish() overridePackageName = true overridePendingTransition( reader.enterAnimationRes, reader.exitAnimationRes) overridePackageName = false } override fun getPackageName(): String { if (overridePackageName) return reader.clientPackageName ?: super.getPackageName() return super.getPackageName() } 起動先

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getPackage()を書き換えると 他アプリのリソースで 終了アニメーションが実現

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任意のUI（View）

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public Builder setSecondaryToolbarViews( @NonNull RemoteViews remoteViews, @Nullable int[] clickableIDs, @Nullable PendingIntent pendingIntent) { mIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_REMOTEVIEWS, remoteViews); mIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_REMOTEVIEWS_VIEW_IDS, clickableIDs); mIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_REMOTEVIEWS_PENDINGINTENT, pendingIntent); return this; }

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public Builder setSecondaryToolbarViews( @NonNull RemoteViews remoteViews, @Nullable int[] clickableIDs, @Nullable PendingIntent pendingIntent) { mIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_REMOTEVIEWS, remoteViews); mIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_REMOTEVIEWS_VIEW_IDS, clickableIDs); mIntent.putExtra(EXTRA_REMOTEVIEWS_PENDINGINTENT, pendingIntent); return this; }

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val remoteViews: RemoteViews? = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_REMOTEVIEWS) val remoteViewsClickableIDs: IntArray? = intent.getIntArrayExtra(EXTRA_REMOTEVIEWS_VIEW_IDS) val remoteViewsPendingIntent: PendingIntent? = intent.getParcelableExtra(EXTRA_REMOTEVIEWS_PENDINGINTENT) 起動先

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RemoteViews

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val views = remoteViews.apply(applicationContext, toolbar) toolbar.addView(views) reader.remoteViewsClickableIDs?.forEach { views.findViewById(it)?.setOnClickListener { v -> sendPendingIntentOnClick(pendingIntent, v.id) } } 起動先

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val views = remoteViews.apply(applicationContext, toolbar) toolbar.addView(views) reader.remoteViewsClickableIDs?.forEach { views.findViewById(it)?.setOnClickListener { v -> sendPendingIntentOnClick(pendingIntent, v.id) } } 起動先

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RemoteViews •Viewの構築情報をParcelableにしたもの •applyしてしまえば、ただのView •標準で使える仕組みは強い •表現力が物足りないなどであれば独自の 仕組みを作るのもありかも

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オプションメニュー

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public Builder addMenuItem( @NonNull String label, @NonNull PendingIntent pendingIntent) { if (mMenuItems == null) mMenuItems = new ArrayList<>(); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString(KEY_MENU_ITEM_TITLE, label); bundle.putParcelable(KEY_PENDING_INTENT, pendingIntent); mMenuItems.add(bundle); return this; } public CustomTabsIntent build() { if (mMenuItems != null) { mIntent.putParcelableArrayListExtra( CustomTabsIntent.EXTRA_MENU_ITEMS, mMenuItems); } ... }

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public Builder addMenuItem( @NonNull String label, @NonNull PendingIntent pendingIntent) { if (mMenuItems == null) mMenuItems = new ArrayList<>(); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString(KEY_MENU_ITEM_TITLE, label); bundle.putParcelable(KEY_PENDING_INTENT, pendingIntent); mMenuItems.add(bundle); return this; } public CustomTabsIntent build() { if (mMenuItems != null) { mIntent.putParcelableArrayListExtra( CustomTabsIntent.EXTRA_MENU_ITEMS, mMenuItems); } ... }

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public Builder addMenuItem( @NonNull String label, @NonNull PendingIntent pendingIntent) { if (mMenuItems == null) mMenuItems = new ArrayList<>(); Bundle bundle = new Bundle(); bundle.putString(KEY_MENU_ITEM_TITLE, label); bundle.putParcelable(KEY_PENDING_INTENT, pendingIntent); mMenuItems.add(bundle); return this; } public CustomTabsIntent build() { if (mMenuItems != null) { mIntent.putParcelableArrayListExtra( CustomTabsIntent.EXTRA_MENU_ITEMS, mMenuItems); } ... }

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fun makeMenuParamsList(intent: Intent): List { return intent .getParcelableArrayListExtra(EXTRA_MENU_ITEMS) ?.map { makeMenuParams(it) } ?: emptyList() } fun makeMenuParams(bundle: Bundle): MenuParams? { return MenuParams( bundle.getString(KEY_MENU_ITEM_TITLE), bundle.getParcelable(KEY_PENDING_INTENT)) } 起動先

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fun makeMenuParamsList(intent: Intent): List { return intent .getParcelableArrayListExtra(EXTRA_MENU_ITEMS) ?.map { makeMenuParams(it) } ?: emptyList() } fun makeMenuParams(bundle: Bundle): MenuParams? { return MenuParams( bundle.getString(KEY_MENU_ITEM_TITLE), bundle.getParcelable(KEY_PENDING_INTENT)) } 起動先

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fun makeMenuParamsList(intent: Intent): List { return intent .getParcelableArrayListExtra(EXTRA_MENU_ITEMS) ?.map { makeMenuParams(it) } ?: emptyList() } fun makeMenuParams(bundle: Bundle): MenuParams? { return MenuParams( bundle.getString(KEY_MENU_ITEM_TITLE), bundle.getParcelable(KEY_PENDING_INTENT)) } 起動先

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PendingIntent

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fun onSelectCustomMenu(index: Int) { reader.menuParamsList[index] .pendingIntent?.send() } fun sendPendingIntentWithUrl(pendingIntent: PendingIntent) { val addedIntent = Intent().also { it.data = Uri.parse(web_view.url) } pendingIntent.send(this, 0, addedIntent) }

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fun onSelectCustomMenu(index: Int) { reader.menuParamsList[index] .pendingIntent?.send() } fun sendPendingIntentWithUrl(pendingIntent: PendingIntent) { val addedIntent = Intent().also { it.data = Uri.parse(web_view.url) } pendingIntent.send(this, 0, addedIntent) }

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fun onSelectCustomMenu(index: Int) { reader.menuParamsList[index] .pendingIntent?.send() } fun sendPendingIntentWithUrl(pendingIntent: PendingIntent) { val addedIntent = Intent().also { it.data = Uri.parse(web_view.url) } pendingIntent.send(this, 0, addedIntent) }

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Intent ≠ Parcelable PendingIntent ＝ Parcelable

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まとめ •プロトコルの宣言は intent-filter • Intentは基本中の基本、使い方を極めよう • AIDLは非常に強力だが利用は慎重に • Parcelable/Bundle超重要、使い方を極めよう

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Thank you