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Overview of Android Infrastructure Alexey Buzdin March 2013

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@AlexeyBuzdin! ! ! [email protected]! ! ! LArchaon!

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Everyone needs an app....

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we need an app too!

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Simple CRUD app

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Requirement:! ! Support as many android devices as you can! (phones + tablets)

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4.0 4.1–4.2 3.0 2.3 2.2 2.1 Google data, March 2013

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Ain't that good for a developer

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Is there is someone who could solve this?

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nope

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Ease our pain?

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maybe

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Layers Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain

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Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain

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Spot the problem

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Missing in Android 2.2 ● ActionBar! ● Fragments (used for both tablets and phone support)

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Solution?

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Compatibility libraries Android Support library! ActionBarSherlock! etc

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Support Library http://developer.android.com/tools/extras/ support-library.html ! Fragments! Async Stuff! Experimental stuff

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Fragments

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Example

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ActionBar

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ActionBarSherlock http://actionbarsherlock.com/

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Refreshing list

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Pull to Refresh https://github.com/chrisbanes/ Android-PullToRefresh

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Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain

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Android Runtime On Android you develop in Java ... but Android does not run Java bytecode !

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DalvikVM Dalvik Virtual Machine − Custom VM optimized for mobile devices − Register-based JVM − More efficient and compact − Use memory efficiently − Dalvik Executable Code (.dex) ● 30% fewer instructions ● 35% fewer code units ● 35% more bytes − Trace JIT compiler (since 2.2)

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!35 Android Runtime Android Java = Java language + Dalvik + Apache Harmony Android Java API = Java SE – AWT/Swing + Android API Sun-Java = Java language + JVM + JDK

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App lifecycle

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Activity public class MyActivity extends Activity { ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } ! }

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Activity public class MyActivity extends Activity { ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } ! }

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Resources

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Activity public class MyActivity extends Activity { ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); } ! }

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Context ● Context of current state of the application/object

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Context ● Context of current state of the application/object! ● Context is a handle to the system it provides services like ! − resolving resources ! − obtaining access to databases and preferences

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Important any resource taken from context will live as long as Context does

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Context problem public class MyActivity extends Activity { ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); String appName = getString(R.string.appName); } ! }

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Passing Context public class MyStringProvider { ! Context context; ! public MyStringProvider(Context context) { this.context = context; } ! public String getString(){ return context.getString(R.string.app_name); } ! }

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Passing Context

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Context problem public class MyActivity extends Activity { ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); String appName = getString(R.string.appName); } ! } Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain

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Injection libraries Dependency Injection! ● RoboGuice! ● Dagger

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RoboGuice ● Based on Google Guice! ● Lightweight! ● Multifunctional (has resource injection)

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RoboGuice public class MyActivity extends RoboActivity { ! @Inject MyStringProvider stringProvider; ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); ! ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView)) .setText(stringProvider.getString()); } ! }

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RoboGuice public class MyStringProvider { ! Context context; ! @Inject public MyStringProvider(Context context) { this.context = context; } ! public String getString(){ return context.getString(R.string.app_name); } }

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Notable fact

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Minimal context injection public class MyActivity extends RoboActivity { ! int i; ! @Inject MyStringProvider stringProvider; ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); ! i = 1; ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView)) .setText(stringProvider.getString()); } ! }

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RoboGuice public class MyStringProvider { ! Context context; ! @Inject public MyStringProvider(Context context) { this.context = context; } ! public String getString(){ return context.getString(R.string.app_name) + ((MyActivity)context).i; } }

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Dagger public class DaggerActivity extends DaggerBaseActivity { ! @Inject DaggerStringProvider stringProvider; ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); ! ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView)) .setText(stringProvider.getString()); } ! }

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Dagger public class DaggerBaseActivity extends Activity { ! @Inject Bus bus; ! @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle state) { super.onCreate(state); ! DaggerApplication.inject(this); } ! @Override protected void onResume() { super.onResume(); bus.register(this); } ! @Override protected void onPause() { super.onPause(); bus.unregister(this); } }

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Dagger public class DaggerApplication extends Application { ! private static ObjectGraph objectGraph; ! @Override public void onCreate() { super.onCreate(); ! objectGraph = ObjectGraph.create(new DaggerModule(this)); } ! public static void inject(T instance) { if(objectGraph != null) objectGraph.inject(instance); } }

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@Module( entryPoints = { DaggerApplication.class, DaggerActivity.class} ) public class DaggerModule { private final Context appContext; ! public DaggerModule(Context appContext) { this.appContext = appContext.getApplicationContext(); } ! @Provides @Singleton Bus provideBus() { return new Bus(); } ! @Provides Context provideContext() { return appContext; } ! }

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Summary Dagger ! ● More customizable! ● Compile time injection! ● Easy to use with other libraries! ● Requires more code! ! RoboGuice! ● Simpler! ● Runtime injection! ● Out of Box functionality

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Problem with views

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Other “Injection” libraries Resource and View “Injection”! ● RoboGuice! ● ButterKnife! ● AndroidAnnotations

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RoboGuice Views Injection public class RoboGuiceActivity extends RoboActivity { ! ! @Inject RoboGuiceStringProvider stringProvider; @InjectView(R.id.textView) TextView textView; ! @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); ! textView.setText(stringProvider.getString()); } ! }

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Butterknife public class DaggerActivity extends DaggerBaseActivity {! ! @Inject DaggerStringProvider stringProvider;! @InjectView(R.id.textView) TextView textView;! ! @Override! public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {! super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);! setContentView(R.layout.main);! Views.inject(this);! ! textView.setText(stringProvider.getString());! }! ! }

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AndroidAnnotations @EActivity(R.layout.translate) // Sets content view to R.layout.translate! public class TranslateActivity extends Activity {! @ViewById // Injects R.id.textInput! EditText textInput;! @ViewById(R.id.myTextView) // Injects R.id.myTextView! TextView result;! @AnimationRes // Injects android.R.anim.fade_in! Animation fadeIn;! @Click // When R.id.doTranslate button is clicked ! void doTranslate() {! translateInBackground(textInput.getText().toString());! }! @Background // Executed in a background thread! void translateInBackground(String textToTranslate) {! String translatedText = callGoogleTranslate(textToTranslate);! showResult(translatedText);! }! ! @UiThread // Executed in the ui thread! void showResult(String translatedText) {! result.setText(translatedText);! result.startAnimation(fadeIn);! } ! }

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Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain Presentation ! Application logic ! Domain

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Data Source Android has built in SQLite

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Data Source ... but lacks ORM! ! Alternatives:! − GreenDAO! − ORMLite

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ORMLite @DatabaseTable(tableName = "accounts") public class Account { @DatabaseField(id = true) private String name; @DatabaseField(canBeNull = false) private String password; Account() { // all persisted classes must define a no-arg constructor with at least package visibility } }

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// you get the SQLiteOpenHelper from your Android Activity ConnectionSource connectionSource = new AndroidConnectionSource(sqliteOpenHelper); ! // instantiate the DAO to handle Account with String id Dao accountDao = BaseDaoImpl.createDao(connectionSource, Account.class); ! TableUtils.createTable(connectionSource, Account.class); ! String name = "Jim Smith"; Account account = new Account(name, "_secret"); accountDao.create(account) ! Account account2 = accountDao.queryForId(name); connectionSource.close(); ORMLite

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Testing

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Testing ● DVM or JVM! ● Automation or Unit Tests

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DVM ● Requires a separate Test Project! ● android.test or Robotium

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Android.test public class SimpleActivityTestStandard extends! ActivityUnitTestCase {! public SimpleActivityTestStandard() {! super(SimpleActivity.class);! }! ! public void setUp() throws Exception {! startActivity(new Intent(getInstrumentation().getTargetContext(),! SimpleActivity.class), null, null);! }! ! ! public void testLayout() {! SimpleActivity activity = getActivity();! assertNotNull(activity.findViewById(R.id.button1));! Button view = (Button) activity! .findViewById(com.example.test.target.R.id.button1);! assertEquals("My Button 1", view.getText());! }! }

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Robotium ! public void testPreferenceIsSaved() throws Exception {! ! ! Solo solo = new Solo(getInstrumentation(), getActivity());! solo.sendKey(Solo.MENU);! solo.clickOnText("More");! solo.clickOnText("Preferences");! solo.clickOnText("Edit File Extensions");! assertTrue(solo.searchText("rtf"));! ! solo.clickOnText("txt");! solo.clearEditText(2);! solo.enterText(2, "robotium");! solo.clickOnButton("Save");! solo.goBack();! solo.clickOnText("Edit File Extensions");! ! assertTrue(solo.searchText("application/robotium")! ! ! solo.finishOpenedActivities();! );!

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JVM public class RoboGuiceActivityTest { ! @Test public void shouldHaveISet() throws Exception { RoboGuiceActivity activity = new RoboGuiceActivity(); assertThat(activity.getI(), equalTo(1)); } }

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JVM public class RoboGuiceActivityTest { ! @Test public void shouldHaveISet() throws Exception { RoboGuiceActivity activity = new RoboGuiceActivity(); assertThat(activity.getI(), equalTo(1)); } }

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We have Mockito! 
 lets mock something 
 in our Activity ...

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Activity source code

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Robolectric to the rescue Allows you to run ! you android code ! on JVM

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Robolectric @RunWith(RobolectricRoboTestRunner.class) public class RoboGuiceActivityTest { ! @Test public void shouldHaveISet() throws Exception { RoboGuiceActivity activity = new RoboGuiceActivity(); activity.onCreate(null); assertThat(activity.getI(), equalTo(1)); } }

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Robolectric + Mockito

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Testing ● DVM or JVM! ● Automation or Unit Tests! ● Robotium or Robolectric! ● Or both

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Conclusion

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More libraries?

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More libraries

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Solution?

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Android Bootstrap ● Fragments,Fragment Pager! ● android-maven-plugin, Dagger! ● ActionBarSherlock ! ● ViewPagerIndicator! ● http-request, GSON ! ● Robotium http://www.androidbootstrap.com/

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Build Systems ● Gradle ● Maven ! https://github.com/LArchaon/ android_mvn_template/

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Q&A