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Toplinestrategy.com -1- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 Nobel Peace Prize Winner To avoid the worst consequences of global warming, by 2050 we must eliminate almost all uses of fossil fuels and reduce GHG emissions to about zero

Toplinestrategy.com -2- Newton Citizens Climate Action Plan Is it feasible for Newton to achieve the IPCC goal? YES! Newton Citizens Commission on Energy May 2019 Acting Now to Secure Our Sustainable Future

Toplinestrategy.com -3- Today, Newton is a City of 92,000 That Heats Its Buildings and Mostly Travels in Cars Using Fossil Fuels 25,000 homes 5,000 apartments 99%+ heated by natural gas and fuel oil 31.7M Therms5.2M Gallons 98%+ gas-powered 16,634,000 Gallons 9,125 miles/vehicle, 23 mpg 57,000 Cars 1.5M SQFT of Commercial Space 99%+ heated by natural gas and fuel oil 17.9M Therms3.0M Gallons Total GHG Emissions of 983M Metric Tons

Toplinestrategy.com -4- Between 2019 and 2050, Newton Will Spend $13B+ on Investment in and Fuel for Its Cars and Buildings $2.5 Billion Build 4,100 New Homes Build 2,200 New Apartments $5.6 Billion Buy 150,000 New Cars Buy 500M Gallons of Gas Replace 22,500 Heating Systems $270 Million $1.3 Billion $375 Million $1.9 Billion $177 Million Build 954K SQFT of Commercial Space Buy 84T BTUs of Energy for Commercial Heating $1.2B Buy 124T BTUs of Energy for Residential Heating

Toplinestrategy.com -5- Residential Sector Transportation Sector We can reach IPCC goal for 2050 if we invest and spend this money strategically

Toplinestrategy.com -6- Reduce Energy Demand 20% reduction in housing energy use through Passive House Standard and 2x to 3x increase in energy retrofits At least 15% reduction in vehicle miles traveled 20% reduction in housing energy use through Passive House Standard and 2x to 3x increase in energy retrofits At least 15% reduction in vehicle miles traveled Electrify Buildings & Transportation All-electric heating and all-electric transportation using 100% Class 1 New England renewables All-electric heating and all-electric transportation using 100% Class 1 New England renewables Motivate Largest Commercial Property Owners Set up a Green Ribbon Commission to use the bully pulpit to get large property owners to develop and implement their own climate action plans. Set up a Green Ribbon Commission to use the bully pulpit to get large property owners to develop and implement their own climate action plans. Long Term Strategy 2019 2050 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 20% Reduction

Toplinestrategy.com -7- Many Opportunities and Leverage Points to Drive Change 100 homes torn down and replaced/year 25% of Newton residents over 65 Several large mixed- use complexes in development 700 heating systems replaced/ year 650 homes sold to new owners/year New car purchases: every 9 years Growing road congestion Energy retrofits heavily subsidized by MassSave 31 employers own 51% of commercial floor space Build New Homes to Passive House Standard Build High Efficiency Buildings with Electric Heat Weatherize and Replace with Heat Pumps, Not Gas Take Greater Advantage of Subsidies to Save Money Spend Money on Transforming Transportation, not More Roads Use the Bully Pulpit to Drive These Organizations to Change Thousands of Opportunities to Buy to Lower Cost, Better Performing Electric Cars Educate Buyers and Sellers to Take Energy Costs into Account Accelerating Home Sales Creates More

Toplinestrategy.com -8- Business as Usual CCAP New 4,050 SQFT, $2 million home Residential Property: Build All New Houses to the Passive House Standard and Outfit with Electric Heat BTUs/Year: 96.2M Natural Gas Heated Conventional Construction Passive House Construction Electric Heat Airtight, High Performance Windows, Super Insulation “It costs about 5% more to build a Passive House today, not because the materials cost any more, just that there aren’t that many people who know how to do it and they are the premium builders” BTUs/Year: 43.7M Construction Cost: $700,000 Annual Heating Cost $1,925 Total Cost 2020-2050$759,675 Emissions 2020-2050350,000 lbs Construction Cost: $735,000 Annual Heating Cost $825 Total Cost 2020-2050$760,575 Emissions 2020-2050 0 lbs Already a breakeven proposition whose economics are likely to further improve

Toplinestrategy.com -9- Residential Property: Improve the Envelope and Drive Electrification Current Newton Housing Stock “Leaky” Gas Heated Envelope Improved & Electrified Poor to Moderate Insulation Air Sealed Well Insulated Heat Pumps Least Efficient Typical HERS Rating 175 125 Annual Heating Costs $4,000 $2,800 Carbon Emissions 30,000 lbs 22,000 lbs Performance, Emissions & Energy Costs Least Efficient Typical Efficiency Improvements 25% 8% Annual Heating Costs $3,200 $2,700 Net Capital Costs $10,000 $1,500 Carbon Emissions 0 lbs 0 lbs Performance, Emissions & Energy Costs

Toplinestrategy.com -10- Residential Property: Four Recommendations for Driving Passive House and Energy/Electrification Retrofits Recommendation Expected Results Property Tax Credit Incentive Program – REEP Accelerate rate of private investment in the energy efficiency of residential buildings Home Improvement Concierge Advisory Service Assist property owners seeking information and guidance on defining efficiency projects, fuel conversion projects and finding qualified vendors Publish HERS ratings for all properties, starting with points of sale Tighten value pricing of real estate resale market (i.e., price-in efficiency) Transition to a requirement for Passive House, starting with special permit review Long-run trending from currently available best practice to widely- used standard practice

Toplinestrategy.com -11- Transportation: Most Important Factor is Driving Adoption of Electric Cars Electric cars already cost considerably less to own and operate than gas powered cars Nissan Leaf Honda Civic List Price $30,000 $18,800 EV Incentives $9,000 --- Net Price $21,000 $18,800 10 Year Fuel Cost $5,400 (100% Class 1 Renewables) $11,100 10 Year Maintenance $4,900 $9,300 10 Year Total Costs $31,300 $39,200 10 Year Emissions 0 lbs 80,700 lbs

Toplinestrategy.com -12- Transportation: Five Recommendations for Driving EV Adoption and Reduction in Vehicle Miles Traveled Recommendatio n Expected Results Conduct a city-wide marketing/outreach campaign for EVs Convince more residents of lower cost of ownership and superior driving experience Ensure availability of home charging for all residents Remove a critical barrier: renters; owners; in apartment; in single- family home Provide preferential parking spaces for EVs through the City Incentivize transition to EVs Expand the NewMo mobility program to all Newton residents. Encourage less personal- use and more shared-use transportation vehicles Improve Public Transit and Enable alternative mobility modes

Toplinestrategy.com -13- Commercial: Use the Bully Pulpit to Get the Largest Commercial Organizations to Lower Their Emissions 31 Companies/Organizations Own 50% of All Commercial Space Mayor-led commission where large property owners develop their own emissions reduction plans and disclose their progress Organizations such as Harvard and Mass Gen have reduced their emissions by over 20% in 5 years while saving money Green Ribbon Commission 2Life Communitie s Add Emsssions Data

Toplinestrategy.com -14- Commercial: Three Recommendations Including the Green Ribbon Commission Recommendatio n Expected Results Publish HERS ratings for all properties Ensure common bases for benchmarking and performance evaluations Green Ribbon Commission Largest commercial property owners developing and implementing a custom CCAP Work with the State and utilities Encourage stricter building codes and rigorous efficiency programs become standard practice

Toplinestrategy.com -15- 1. Require Passive House for All Special Permits 1. Require Passive House for All Special Permits Getting Started – Plan for 2019 (1 of 3) 3. Pass ordinance requiring an electric option for all heating system replacements 3. Pass ordinance requiring an electric option for all heating system replacements 2. Pass ordinance requiring HERS rating and energy costs to be disclosed for all home sales 2. Pass ordinance requiring HERS rating and energy costs to be disclosed for all home sales Initiatives Led by the City Council Start building awareness of energy costs to drive owners and buyers to homes that cost less to operate Ensure that large projects like Riverside are highly efficient and emissions free rather than adding to our GHG footprint for decades to come Drive more transitions to electric heat by requiring that residents are presented with an electric heat option so they can make an informed choice

Toplinestrategy.com -16- 1. Establish preferential parking for EVs at municipal lots 1. Establish preferential parking for EVs at municipal lots Getting Started – Plan for 2019 (2 of 3) 3. Establish a partnership with Eversource and National Grid 3. Establish a partnership with Eversource and National Grid 2. Start a marketing campaign for EVs 2. Start a marketing campaign for EVs Initiatives Led by the Mayor Educate residents that EVs cost less to own and perform better Build visibility of electric cars and create an additional incentive to purchase Bring additional funding to the community to offset costs of transition to a low carbon city 4. Establish Green Ribbon Commission for commercial building owners 4. Establish Green Ribbon Commission for commercial building owners Begin process of getting major property owners to start lowering their own emissions

Toplinestrategy.com -17- 1. Set up an Energy Concierge Department and fund it! 1. Set up an Energy Concierge Department and fund it! Getting Started – Plan for 2019 (3 of 3) 2. Require transportation plans for new developments that meet CCAP goals 2. Require transportation plans for new developments that meet CCAP goals Initiatives Led Jointly by the Mayor and the Council Ensure that the City does not approve new development that will positively impact traffic and reduce vehicle miles traveled Collaborate with builders to make 20 of ~107 new homes Passive House/Electric Work with homeowners to drive 25 heating system replacements to electric

Toplinestrategy.com -18- This is a Community Plan The ball is in the residents’ court!