Scalaリファクタリング入門「大改造！静的ビフォー・アフター」

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େ վ ଄ ʂ ੩ త Ϗ ϑ Υ ʔ ɾ Ξ ϑ λ ʔ d 4DBMBϦϑΝΫλϦϯάೖ໳ !UPEPLS . : ✨

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#FUUFS+BWBͳίʔυ 4DBMBΒ͠͞Λ׆͔͠ɺΑΓݎ࿚ʹ

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ా ॴ ॣ ༎ ! U P E P L S ג ࣜ ձ ࣾ Ϗ ζ Ϧ ʔ ν   ελ ϯόΠ ࣄ ۀ ෦ α ʔ ν ί Ξάϧ ʔϓ   ΢ Σ ϒΫ ϩ ʔ ϥ ʔ ͷ ։ ൃ ɾ ӡ ༻ ೥ ݄ ೖ ࣾ ࡀ 4 D B M B ྺ ೥ ϲ ݄

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͓ ࿩ ͢͠ Δ ͜ ͱ w ͳͥ#FUUFS+BWBͷઌͳͷ͔ʁ4DBMBΒ͠͞ͷԸܙͱ͸ w ύλʔϯϚονͷύλʔϯΩϟετΛͳͯ҆͘͠શʹ w λϓϧΛආ͚Δͦͷ਺ࣈʹҙຯ͸͋Δ͔ʁ w 4DBMBͳྫ֎ॲཧ੒ޭɾࣦഊΛ஋ͱͯ͠දݱ͢Δ w DBTFDMBTTʹ੍໿Λ࣋ͨͤΔSFRVJSFͷར༻ w TFBMFEUSBJUͰ໢ཏੑΛ୲อ͢ΔίϯύΠϥʹ͓ئ͍

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ͳ ͥ # F U U F S + B W B ͷ ઌ ͳ ͷ ͔ ʁ

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1 def isBlank(str:String): Boolean = { 2 var strLen = 0 3 4 if(str == null || { strLen = str.length(); strLen } == 0) { 5 return true 6 } 7 8 var i = 0 9 while( i < strLen ){ 10 if(Character.isWhitespace( str.charAt(i) ) == false){ 11 return false 12 } 13 i += 1 14 } 15 16 return true 17 } # F U U F S + B W B ͳ ελ Πϧ

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1 def isBlank(str: String): Boolean = 2 Option(str).fold(true)(_.forall(Character.isWhitespace)) 4 D B M B Β ͠ ͍ ελ Πϧ

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1 def isBlank(str: String): Boolean = 2 Option(str).fold(true)(_.forall(Character.isWhitespace)) w ୹͘ಡΈ΍͘͢ w ෼ذ͕গͳ͘ w ঢ়ଶΛؾʹ͢Δඞཁͳ͘ 4 D B M B Β ͠ ͍ ελ Πϧ

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1 def isBlank(str: String): Boolean = 2 Option(str).fold(true)(_.forall(Character.isWhitespace)) w ୹͘ಡΈ΍͘͢ w ෼ذ͕গͳ͘ w ঢ়ଶΛؾʹ͢Δඞཁͳ͘ 4 D B M B Β ͠ ͍ ελ Πϧ ☺ όάͷࠞೖͷՄೳੑ͕Լ͕Δ

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ύ λ ʔϯ Ϛ ο ν ͷ ύ λ ʔϯ

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0 Q U J P O ͷ ύ λ ʔϯ Ϛ ο ν 1 option match { 2 case Some(x) => println(s"$x is here!") 3 case None => println("oh…") 4 }

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γ ʔ έ ϯε ͷ ύ λ ʔϯ Ϛ ο ν 1 List("Noel", "Liam", "Gem", "Andy", "Alan") match { 2 case List(_, second, _*) => println(s"Hello $second!") 3 case _ => 4 } 5 // => Hello Liam!

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ί ϯε τ ϥ Ϋ λύ λ ʔϯ 1 val user = User("Martin", Place("Tokyo", "Shibuya")) 2 3 user match { 4 case User(name, Place(pref, _)) => "$name in $pref" 5 case _ => 6 } 7 // => Martin lives in Tokyo!

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ܕ ν Σ ο Ϋ ͱ Ω ϟε τ 1 def count2x(x: Any): Int = { 2 if (x.isInstanceOf[String]) { 3 x.asInstanceOf[String].length * 2 4 } else if (x.isInstanceOf[Int]) { 5 x.asInstanceOf[Int] * 2 6 } else -1 7 } 8 9 count2x("scala") // 10 10 count2x(7) // 14

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ܕ ෇ ͖ ύ λ ʔϯ 1 def count2x(x: Any): Int = x match { 2 case x:String => x.length * 2 3 case x: Int => x * 2 4 case _ => -1 5 } 6 7 count2x("scala") // 10 8 count2x(7) // 14

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ܕ ෇ ͖ ύ λ ʔϯ 1 def count2x(x: Any): Int = x match { 2 case x:String => x.length * 2 3 case x: Int => x * 2 4 case _ => -1 5 } 6 7 count2x("scala") // 10 8 count2x(7) // 14 ☺ ίʔυͷݟ௨͕͠޲্ɻ  Ωϟετ΋ෆཁͰ҆৺ɻ

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ܕ ফ ڈ ʹ ஫ ҙ 1 def detectType(x: Any): String = x match { 2 case x: List[Int] => "This is List of Int!" 3 case _ => "What?" 4 } 5 6 detectType(List("string!")) // => This is List of Int!

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ܕ ফ ڈ ʹ ஫ ҙ 1 def detectType(x: Any): String = x match { 2 case x: List[Int] => "This is List of Int!" 3 case _ => "What?" 4 } 5 6 detectType(List("string!")) // => This is List of Int! +BWBͱಉ༷ɺίϨΫγϣϯͷཁૉܕͷ৘ใ͸  ࣮ߦ࣌ʹ͸؅ཧ͞Εͳ͍ ˞"SSBZΛআ͘

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λ ϓϧ Λ ආ ͚ Δ

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λ ϓϧ 1 // ঎඼ 2 case class Item(name: String, price: Int) 3 4 // ঎඼ͷ੫ࠐՁ֨ͱՁ֨ϥϕϧΛฦ͢ 5 def labelPriceWithTax(item: Item): (Int, String) = { 6 val withTax = item.price * 1.08 7 val label = s"ܹ҆େಛՁ ¥${item.price}ʢ੫ࠐʣ" 8 (withTax, label) 9 }

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Ξ ϯ νύ λ ʔϯ Ξ ϯ μʔε ί Ξ Ͱ ͷ ΞΫ η ε 1 val apple = Item("αϯ;͡", 158) 2 val x = labelPriceWithTax(apple) 3 println(s"${x._1}͕ͳΜͱ${x._2}!") 4 // αϯ;͕͡ͳΜͱܹ҆େಛՁ ¥158!

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Ξ ϯ νύ λ ʔϯ Ξ ϯ μʔε ί Ξ Ͱ ͷ ΞΫ η ε 1 val apple = Item("αϯ;͡", 158) 2 val x = labelPriceWithTax(apple) 3 println(s"${x._1}͕ͳΜͱ${x._2}!") 4 // αϯ;͕͡ͳΜͱܹ҆େಛՁ ¥158! ʮY@ʯͷͳͲͷ਺ࣈ͸  ཁૉʹ͍ͭͯͷ৘ใΛԿ΋఻͍͑ͯͳ͍ɻ  औΓҧ͑ͯ΋ؾ͖ͮͮΒ͍ɻ

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վ ળ ྫ ม ਺ ୅ ೖ ࣌ ʹ λ ϓϧ Λ ෼ ղ 1 val apple = Item("αϯ;͡", 158) 2 val (name, priceLabel) = labelPriceWithTax(apple) 3 println(s"${name}͕ͳΜͱ${priceLabel}!") 4 // αϯ;͕͡ͳΜͱܹ҆େಛՁ ¥158! ҙຯͷ͋Δม਺໊ͰΞΫηεͰ͖ͯ҆৺  ม਺͕૿͑ͯ΋औΓҧ͑ʹ͍͘ ☺

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վ ળ ྫ ύ λ ʔϯ Ϛ ο ν Ͱ λ ϓϧ Λ ෼ ղ 1 val apple = Item("αϯ;͡", 158) 2 labelPriceWithTax(apple) match { case (name, price) => 3 println(s"${name}͕ͳΜͱ${price}!") 4 } 5 // αϯ;͕͡ͳΜͱܹ҆େಛՁ ¥158!

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4 D B M B ͳ ྫ ֎ ॲ ཧ

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ྫ ֎ ॲ ཧ 1 // ྫ֎Λ౤͛ΔՄೳੑͷ͋Δϝιου 2 def detect(bytes: Array[Byte]): Charset = { 3 val detectedCharsetName: String = ... 4 Charset.forName(detectedCharsetName) 5 } 6 7 // ϝιουͷݺͼग़͠ݩͰྫ֎ॲཧ 8 try { 9 detect(bytes) 10 ... 11 } catch { 12 case e: Exception => ... 13 }

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ྫ ֎ Ͱ ͸ ͳ ͘ ʜ ੒ޭPSࣦഊΛදݱ͢Δܕͱͦͷ஋Λ༻͍Δ w 0QUJPO<5>  ੒ޭ࣌ͷ஋Λ4PNFɺࣦഊΛ/POFͰදݱ w &JUIFS<" #>  ੒ޭ࣌ͷ৘ใΛ3JHIUͰɺࣦഊͷ৘ใΛ-FGUͰදݱ w 5SZ<5>  ྫ֎Λ౤͛ΔՄೳੑͷ͋ΔॲཧΛந৅Խɺ4VDDFTTͱ'BJMVSFͰ݁ՌΛදݱ

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0 Q U J P O ܕ w 4PNFͱ/POFͱ͍͏छྨ w ஋͕ଘࡏ͢Δ͜ͱΛද͢4PNF W w ஋͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍͜ͱΛද͢/POF w 0QUJPOܕˠʮ஋͕ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍Մೳੑ͕͋Δʯͱ͍͏ϝοηʔδ

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0 Q U J P O Ͱ ੒ ޭ ࣦ ഊ Λ ද ݱ ͢ Δ 1 // try / catchͰOptionΛฦ͢ 2 def detect(bytes: Array[Byte]): Option[Charset] = { 3 val detectedCharsetName: String = ... 4 try { 5 Some(Charset.forName(detectedCharsetName)) 6 } catch { 7 case e: Exception => None 8 } 9 } ੒ޭ࣌͸4PNFɺࣦഊ࣌͸/POFͰฦ͢

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0 Q U J P O Ͱ ੒ ޭ ࣦ ഊ Λ ද ݱ ͢ Δ 1 // ࣦഊͨ͠ΒσϑΥϧτ஋Λ࢖͏ 2 detect(bytes).getOrElse(Charset.defaultCharset) 3 4 // ࣦഊͨ͠ΒԿ΋͠ͳ͍ 5 detect(bytes).map { charset => 6 // Կ͔ॲཧ 7 } ݺͿଆͰͷѻ͍ ݁ՌʹԠͨ͡ॲཧ͕҆શ͔ͭॊೈʹͰ͖Δ ☺

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& J U I F S ܕ w 3JHIU D ͱ-FGU F ͱ͍͏छྨ w 3JHIU͸ʮਖ਼͍͠ʯʹ͔͚ͯ੒ޭ࣌ͷ஋Λ֨ೲ͢Δͷ͕ओྲྀ w -FGU΋஋Λ࣋ͯΔͷͰɺࣦഊ࣌ͷ৘ใΛ֨ೲͰ͖Δ w &JUIFSܕˠʮࣦഊ͢ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δʯͱ͍͏ϝοηʔδ

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& J U I F S Ͱ ੒ ޭ ࣦ ഊ Λ ද ݱ ͢ Δ 1 // try / catchͰOptionΛฦ͢ 2 def detect(bytes: Array[Byte]): Either[Exception, Charset] = { 3 val detectedCharsetName: String = ... 4 try { 5 Right(Charset.forName(detectedCharsetName)) 6 } catch { 7 case e: Exception => Left(e) 8 } 9 } ੒ޭ࣌͸3JHIUɺࣦഊ࣌͸-FGUͰฦ͢

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& J U I F S Ͱ ੒ ޭ ࣦ ഊ Λ ද ݱ ͢ Δ 1 // 2 val charset = detect(bytes) match { 3 case Right(charset) => charset 4 case Left(e) => 5 logger.error(s"Oops! :$e") 6 Charset.defaultCharset 7 } ݺͿଆͰͷѻ͍ ݺͼग़͢ਓʹ݁ՌͷνΣοΫΛڧ੍Ͱ͖Δ  ࣦഊ࣌ͷ৘ใ͕࣋ͯΔͷͰϩάʹग़ͨ͠ΓͳͲ ☺

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5S Z ܕ w 4VDDFTT W ͱ'BJMVSF F ͱ͍͏छྨ w 4VDDFTT W ʹ੒ޭ࣌ͷ஋ w 'BJMVSF F ʹࣦഊ࣌ͷ৘ใ w ྫ֎͕౤͛ΒΕΔ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ॲཧΛ5SZͰғΉ͚ͩͰ0, w 5SZܕˠʮࣦഊ͢ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Δʯͱ͍͏ϝοηʔδ

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5S Z Ͱ ੒ ޭ ࣦ ഊ Λ ද ݱ ͢ Δ 1 // ݁ՌΛTryͰड͚औΔ 2 import scala.util.Try 3 def detect(bytes: Array[Byte]): Try[Charset] = { 4 val detectedCharsetName: String = ... 5 Try(Charset.forName(ud.getDetectedCharset)) 6 } 7 ࣦഊ͢Δ͔΋͠Εͳ͍ॲཧΛ5SZ ͰแΉ

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5S Z Ͱ ੒ ޭ ࣦ ഊ Λ ද ݱ ͢ Δ 1 // 2 val charset = detect(bytes) match { 3 case Success(charset) => charset 4 case Failure(e) => 5 logger.error(s"Oops! :$e") 6 Charset.defaultCharset 7 } ݺͿଆͰͷѻ͍ 4VDDFTT'BJMVSFͰύλʔϯϚον ☺

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' B J M V S F ʹ ͳ Δ ͷ ͸ / P O ' B U B M ͳ ΋ ͷ • VirtualMachineError • ThreadDeath • InterruptedException • LinkageError • ControlThrowable 'BUBMͳΤϥʔɾྫ֎͸ͦͷ··εϩʔ͞ΕΔ

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5S Z ͱ G P S ࣜ 1 // ྫ֎Λى͔͜͢΋͠Εͳ͍ϝιου 2 def someMethod: Int = ??? 3 def anotherMethod: Int = ???

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5S Z ͱ G P S ࣜ 1 // TryΛforࣜͰ߹੒͢Δ 2 val result = for { 3 result1 <- Try(someMethod) 4 result2 <- Try(anotherMethod) 5 } yield result1 + result2 6 7 result match { 8 case Success(result) => println(result) 9 case Failure(e) => println(s"Opps: ", e) 10 }

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D B T F D M B T T ʹ ੍ ໿ Λ ࣋ ͨ ͤ Δ

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Ұ ݟ ͳ Μ ͷ ม ఩ ΋ ͳ ͍ D B T F D M B T T 1 case class Person( 2 name: String, 3 age: Int 4 )

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Ұ ݟ ͳ Μ ͷ ม ఩ ΋ ͳ ͍ D B T F D M B T T 1 case class Person( 2 name: String, 3 age: Int 4 ) ࡀͱ͔͸ͳ͍ΑͶɻ  Ҿ਺ΛνΣοΫ͠ͳ͖Όɻ

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1 case class Person( 2 name: String, 3 age: Int 4 ) { 5 if(age < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Age must be natural!") 6 } ੍ ໿ Λ ΋ ͨ ͤ ͨ D B T F D M B T T

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1 case class Person( 2 name: String, 3 age: Int 4 ) { 5 if(age < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Age must be natural!") 6 } ੍ ໿ Λ ΋ ͨ ͤ ͨ D B T F D M B T T ࣄલ৚݅Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱΛ  ΋ͬͱ໌֬ʹ఻͍͑ͨ

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1 case class Person( 2 name: String, 3 age: Int 4 ) { 5 require(age >= 0, "Age must be natural number!") 6 } ੍ ໿ Λ ΋ ͨ ͤ ͨ D B T F D M B T T

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1 case class Person( 2 name: String, 3 age: Int 4 ) { 5 require(age >= 0, "Age must be natural number!") 6 } ੍ ໿ Λ ΋ ͨ ͤ ͨ D B T F D M B T T ࣄલ৚݅

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1 case class Person( 2 name: String, 3 age: Int 4 ) { 5 require(age >= 0, "Age must be natural number!") 6 } ੍ ໿ Λ ΋ ͨ ͤ ͨ D B T F D M B T T ࣄલ৚݅Λຬͨ͞ͳ͍৔߹ͷ  Τϥʔϝοηʔδ

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1 case class Person( 2 name: String, 3 age: Int 4 ) { 5 require(age >= 0, "Age must be natural number!") 6 } ੍ ໿ Λ ΋ ͨ ͤ ͨ D B T F D M B T T 1 val joe = Person("Joe Cool", -2))

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1 case class Person( 2 name: String, 3 age: Int 4 ) { 5 require(age >= 0, "Age must be natural number!") 6 } ੍ ໿ Λ ΋ ͨ ͤ ͨ D B T F D M B T T 1 val joe = Person("Joe Cool", -2)) 2 // => java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: requirement failed: Age must be natural number!

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1 case class Person( 2 name: String, 3 age: Int 4 ) { 5 require(age >= 0, "Age must be natural number!") 6 } ੍ ໿ Λ ΋ ͨ ͤ ͨ D B T F D M B T T &JUIFS΍5SZͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔͱ͏Ε͍͠ ☺ 1 val joe = Person("Joe Cool", -2)) 2 // => java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: requirement failed: Age must be natural number!

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T F B M F E U S B J U Ͱ ໢ ཏ ੑ Λ ୲ อ ͢ Δ

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Ϣ ʔ β ʔϓ ϥ ϯ Λ ύ λ ʔϯ Ϛ ο ν 1 case class User(name: String, age: Int)

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Ϣ ʔ β ʔϓ ϥ ϯ Λ ύ λ ʔϯ Ϛ ο ν 1 case class User(name: String, age: Int) 2 3 trait Plan 4 case class Free(user: User) extends Plan // ແྉϓϥϯ 5 case class Premium(user: User) extends Plan // ϓϨϛΞϜϓϥϯ 6 7 val userA = Free(User("Taro", 23)) 8 val userB = Premium(User("Jiro", 25)) 9 10 userB match { 11 case Free(User(name, _)) => println(s"Hi, $name.") 12 case Premium(User(name, _)) => println(s"Hello, $name!") 13 }

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ϓ ϥ ϯ Λ ૿ ΍ ͢ 1 case class User(name: String, age: Int) 2 3 trait Plan 4 case class Free(user: User) extends Plan 5 case class Premium(user: User) extends Plan

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ϓ ϥ ϯ Λ ૿ ΍ ͢ 1 case class User(name: String, age: Int) 2 3 trait Plan 4 case class Free(user: User) extends Plan 5 case class Premium(user: User) extends Plan 6 case class Campaign(user: User) extends Plan 7 8 val userA = Free(User("Taro", 23)) 9 val userB = Premium(User("Jiro", 25)) 10 val userC = Campaign(User("Saburo", 28)) 11 12 Seq(userA, userB, userC) foreach { 13 case Free(User(name, _)) => println(s"Hi, $name.") 14 case Premium(User(name, _)) => println(s"Hello, $name!") 15 }

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4 F B M F E म ০ ࢠ Ͱ ໢ ཏ ੑ Λ ୲ อ ͢ Δ 1 case class User(name: String, age: Int) 2 3 trait Plan

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4 F B M F E म ০ ࢠ Ͱ ໢ ཏ ੑ Λ ୲ อ ͢ Δ 1 case class User(name: String, age: Int) 2 3 sealed trait Plan

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4 F B M F E म ০ ࢠ Ͱ ໢ ཏ ੑ Λ ୲ อ ͢ Δ 1 case class User(name: String, age: Int) 2 3 sealed trait Plan w ಉ͡ϑΝΠϧ಺Ͱ͸ܧঝՄೳ w ผͷϑΝΠϧ͔Β͸ܧঝෆՄ

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4 F B M F E म ০ ࢠ Ͱ ໢ ཏ ੑ Λ ୲ อ ͢ Δ 1 case class User(name: String, age: Int) 2 3 sealed trait Plan w ಉ͡ϑΝΠϧ಺Ͱ͸ܧঝՄೳ w ผͷϑΝΠϧ͔Β͸ܧঝෆՄ ͜ͷϑΝΠϧ಺Ͱఆٛ͞Εͨ΋ͷҎ֎ʹ  1MBO͸ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͕อূ͞ΕΔ

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4 F B M F E म ০ ࢠ Ͱ ໢ ཏ ੑ Λ ୲ อ ͢ Δ 1 case class User(name: String, age: Int) 2 3 sealed trait Plan 4 case class Free(user: User) extends Plan 5 case class Premium(user: User) extends Plan 6 case class Campaign(user: User) extends Plan 7 8 val userA = Free(User("Taro", 23)) 9 val userB = Premium(User("Jiro", 25)) 10 val userC = Campaign(User("Saburo", 28)) 11 12 Seq(userA, userB, userC) foreach { 13 case Free(User(name, _)) => println(s"Hi, $name.") 14 case Premium(User(name, _)) => println(s"Hello, $name!") 15 }

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[warn] It would fail on the following input: Campaign(_) [warn] Seq(userA, userB, userC) foreach { [warn] ^ [warn] one warning found 4 F B M F E म ০ ࢠ Ͱ ໢ ཏ ੑ Λ ୲ อ ͢ Δ ίϯύΠϧ͢Δͱʜ ʮ$BNQBJHO͕དྷͨΒམͪΔ΍Ͱʂʯͱ ίϯύΠϥ͕ڭ͑ͯ͘ΕΔ ☺

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͓ ࿩ ͠ ͠ ͨ ͜ ͱ w ͳͥ#FUUFS+BWBͷઌͳͷ͔ʁ w ύλʔϯϚονͷύλʔϯ w λϓϧΛආ͚Δ w 4DBMBͳྫ֎ॲཧ w DBTFDMBTTʹ੍໿Λ࣋ͨͤΔ w TFBMFEUSBJUͰ໢ཏੑΛ୲อ͢Δ

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) B W F B ( P P E 4 D B M B - J G F . : ✨