Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 1/140 Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) Björn Fahller

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 2/140 Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) Björn Fahller

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 3/140 Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) What is type safety?

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 4/140 What is type safety? type safety (Noun) the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors -- Wiktionary

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 5/140 A type safe system prevents... ● ... use of one type when another is intended ● ... operations that do not make sense ● ... use of values outside the defined space

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 6/140 ● Introduction to type safety ● Type safety in C++ ● Simple library solution for strong types ● Sophisticated libraries – scouting github! ● What strong types does with your code Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 7/140 using request_id = uint32_t; using receiver_id = uint32_t; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); } My story begins

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 8/140 using request_id = uint32_t; using receiver_id = uint32_t; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); } The story begins

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 9/140 using request_id = uint32_t; using receiver_id = uint32_t; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); } My story begins

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 10/140 void other(const A& a); void func(B b) { other(b); } When is this call allowed?

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 11/140 using A = double; using B = enum { aa, bb, cc }; void other(const A& a); void func(B b) { other(b); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 12/140 struct A { int value; }; struct B { int value; }; void other(const A& a); void func(B b) { other(b); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 13/140 struct A { int value; }; struct B { int value; }; void other(const A& a); void func(B b) { other(b); } If we want this to compile, we can add:

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 14/140 struct A { int value; }; struct B { int value; }; void other(const A& a); void func(B b) { other(b); } If we want this to compile, we can add: A::A(const B&); // not explicit

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 15/140 struct A { int value; }; struct B { int value; }; void other(const A& a); void func(B b) { other(b); } If we want this to compile, we can add: A::A(const B&); // not explicit B::operator A(); // not explicit

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 16/140 struct A { int value; }; struct B { int value; }; void other(const A& a); void func(B b) { other(b); } If we want this to compile, we can add: A::A(const B&); // not explicit B::operator A(); // not explicit A as a public base class to B

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 17/140 struct request_id { uint32_t value; }; struct receiver_id { uint32_t value; }; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { request_id req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); } A different story begins

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 18/140 struct request_id { uint32_t value; }; struct receiver_id { uint32_t value; }; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { request_id req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); } error: no matching function for call to 'remove' return remove(receiver, req); ^~~~~~ note: candidate function not viable: no known conversion from 'receiver_id' to 'request_id' for 1st argument token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); ^

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 19/140 We have control over when the compiler will allow a conversion!

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 20/140 class receiver_id { public: receiver_id(uint32_t v) : value{v} {} operator uint32_t() const { return value; } private: uint32_t value; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 21/140 class receiver_id { public: receiver_id(uint32_t v) : value{v} {} operator uint32_t() const { return value; } bool operator==(receiver_id v) const { return value == v.value; } bool operator!=(receiver_id v) const; private: uint32_t value; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 22/140 class receiver_id { public: receiver_id(uint32_t v) : value{v} {} operator uint32_t() const { return value; } bool operator==(receiver_id v) const { return value == v.value; } bool operator!=(receiver_id v) const; bool operator<(receiver_id v) const; ... private: uint32_t value; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 23/140 class receiver_id { public: receiver_id(uint32_t v) : value{v} {} operator uint32_t() const { return value; } bool operator==(receiver_id v) const { return value == v.value; } bool operator!=(receiver_id v) const; bool operator<(receiver_id v) const; ... private: uint32_t value; }; enum class receiver_id : uint32_t {};

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 24/140 class receiver_id { public: receiver_id(uint32_t v) : value{v} {} operator uint32_t() const { return value; } bool operator==(receiver_id v) const { return value == v.value; } bool operator!=(receiver_id v) const; bool operator<(receiver_id v) const; ... private: uint32_t value; }; enum class receiver_id : uint32_t {};

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 25/140 class receiver_id { public: receiver_id(uint32_t v) : value{v} {} operator uint32_t() const { return value; } bool operator==(receiver_id v) const { return value == v.value; } bool operator!=(receiver_id v) const; bool operator<(receiver_id v) const; ... private: uint32_t value; }; enum class receiver_id : uint32_t {};

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 26/140 class receiver_id { public: receiver_id(uint32_t v) : value{v} {} operator uint32_t() const { return value; } bool operator==(receiver_id v) const { return value == v.value; } bool operator!=(receiver_id v) const; bool operator<(receiver_id v) const; ... private: uint32_t value; }; enum class receiver_id : uint32_t {};

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 27/140 class receiver_id { public: receiver_id(uint32_t v) : value{v} {} operator uint32_t() const { return value; } bool operator==(receiver_id v) const { return value == v.value; } bool operator!=(receiver_id v) const; bool operator<(receiver_id v) const; ... private: uint32_t value; }; enum class receiver_id : uint32_t {};

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 28/140 class receiver_id { public: receiver_id(uint32_t v) : value{v} {} operator uint32_t() const { return value; } bool operator==(receiver_id v) const { return value == v.value; } bool operator!=(receiver_id v) const; bool operator<(receiver_id v) const; ... private: uint32_t value; }; enum class receiver_id : uint32_t {};

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 29/140 class receiver_id { public: receiver_id(uint32_t v) : value{v} {} operator uint32_t() const { return value; } bool operator==(receiver_id v) const { return value == v.value; } bool operator!=(receiver_id v) const; bool operator<(receiver_id v) const; ... private: uint32_t value; }; There’s an awful lot of boiler plate code here!

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 30/140 class receiver_id { public: receiver_id(uint32_t v) : value{v} {} operator uint32_t() const { return value; } bool operator==(receiver_id v) const { return value == v.value; } bool operator!=(receiver_id v) const; bool operator<(receiver_id v) const; ... private: uint32_t value; }; There’s an awful lot of boiler plate code here! Repeat once more for request_id

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 31/140 ● Introduction to type safety ● Type safety in C++ ● Simple library solution for strong types ● Sophisticated libraries – scouting github! ● What strong types does with your code Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 32/140 template class safe_type { public: private: T value_; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 33/140 template class safe_type { public: safe_type(T t) : value_(std::move(t)) {} operator T() const { return value_; } // operators... private: T value_; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 34/140 template class safe_type { public: safe_type(T t) : value_(std::move(t)) {} template safe_type(const safe_type&) = delete; operator T() const { return value_; } // operators... private: T value_; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 35/140 template class safe_type { public: safe_type(T t) : value_(std::move(t)) {} template safe_type(const safe_type&) = delete; operator T() const { return value_; } // operators... private: T value_; }; using int1 = safe_type; using int2 = safe_type;

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 36/140 using request_id = safe_type; using receiver_id = safe_type; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 37/140 using request_id = safe_type; using receiver_id = safe_type; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 38/140 using request_id = safe_type; using receiver_id = safe_type; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 39/140 using request_id = safe_type; using receiver_id = safe_type; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 40/140 using request_id = safe_type; using receiver_id = safe_type; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 41/140 using request_id = safe_type; using receiver_id = safe_type; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 42/140 using request_id = safe_type; using receiver_id = safe_type; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); } error: no matching function for call to 'remove' remove(receiver, req); ^~~~~~ note: candidate function not viable: no known conversion from 'safe_type<[...], struct receiver_id_tag>' to 'safe_type<[...], struct request_id_tag>' for 1st argument token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); ^

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 43/140 using request_id = safe_type; using receiver_id = safe_type; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 44/140 struct request_id : safe_type { using safe_type::safe_type; }; struct receiver_id : safe_type { using safe_type::safe_type; }; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 45/140 struct request_id : safe_type { using safe_type::safe_type; }; struct receiver_id : safe_type { using safe_type::safe_type; }; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); } error: no matching function for call to 'remove' remove(receiver, req); ^~~~~~ note: candidate function not viable: no known conversion from 'receiver_id' to 'request_id' for 1st argument token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); ^

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 46/140 struct request_id : safe_type { using safe_type::safe_type; }; struct receiver_id : safe_type { using safe_type::safe_type; }; token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); } #define SAFE_TYPE(name, base_type) \ struct name : safe_type { \ using safe_type::safe_type; \ }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 47/140 SAFE_TYPE(request_id, uint32_t); SAFE_TYPE(receiver_id, uint32_t); token remove(request_id req, receiver_id rec); token initiate_remove(receiver_id receiver) { auto req = new_request(); return remove(receiver, req); } #define SAFE_TYPE(name, base_type) \ struct name : safe_type { \ using safe_type::safe_type; \ }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 48/140 SAFE_TYPE(interface_name, std::string); SAFE_TYPE(customer_name, std::string); void label_interface(const interface_name& ifname, const customer_name& customer); interface_name lookup_interface(MAC_address mac); void setup_customer(MAC_address mac, const customer_name& customer) { assert(!customer.empty()); auto if_name = lookup_interface(mac); assert(if_name.find(':') != std::string::npos); label_interface(customer, if_name); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 49/140 SAFE_TYPE(interface_name, std::string); SAFE_TYPE(customer_name, std::string); void label_interface(const interface_name& ifname, const customer_name& customer); interface_name lookup_interface(MAC_address mac); void setup_customer(MAC_address mac, const customer_name& customer) { assert(!customer.empty()); auto if_name = lookup_interface(mac); assert(if_name.find(':') != std::string::npos); label_interface(customer, if_name); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 50/140 SAFE_TYPE(interface_name, std::string); SAFE_TYPE(customer_name, std::string); void label_interface(const interface_name& ifname, const customer_name& customer); interface_name lookup_interface(MAC_address mac); void setup_customer(MAC_address mac, const customer_name& customer) { assert(!customer.empty()); auto if_name = lookup_interface(mac); assert(if_name.find(':') != std::string::npos); label_interface(customer, if_name); } Accidental swap!

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 51/140 SAFE_TYPE(interface_name, std::string); SAFE_TYPE(customer_name, std::string); void label_interface(const interface_name& ifname, const customer_name& customer); interface_name lookup_interface(MAC_address mac); void setup_customer(MAC_address mac, const customer_name& customer) { assert(!customer.empty()); auto if_name = lookup_interface(mac); assert(if_name.find(':') != std::string::npos); label_interface(customer, if_name); } Accidertal swap! template {} && !std::is_final{}> class safe_type { /* as before */};

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 52/140 SAFE_TYPE(interface_name, std::string); SAFE_TYPE(customer_name, std::string); void label_interface(const interface_name& ifname, const customer_name& customer); interface_name lookup_interface(MAC_address mac); void setup_customer(MAC_address mac, const customer_name& customer) { assert(!customer.empty()); auto if_name = lookup_interface(mac); assert(if_name.find(':') != std::string::npos); label_interface(customer, if_name); } Accidertal swap! template {} && !std::is_final{}> class safe_type { /* as before */}; template struct safe_type : T { using T::T; template safe_type(const safe_type&) = delete; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 53/140 SAFE_TYPE(interface_name, std::string); SAFE_TYPE(customer_name, std::string); void label_interface(const interface_name& ifname, const customer_name& customer); interface_name lookup_interface(MAC_address mac); void setup_customer(MAC_address mac, const customer_name& customer) { assert(!customer.empty()); auto if_name = lookup_interface(mac); assert(if_name.find(':') != std::string::npos); label_interface(customer, if_name); } Accidental swap! error: no matching function for call to 'label_interface' label_interface(customer, if_name); ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ note: candidate function not viable: no known conversion from 'customer_name' to 'const interface_name' for 1st argument void label_interface(const interface_name& ifname, ^

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 54/140 ● Introduction to type safety ● Type safety in C++ ● Simple library solution for strong types ● Sophisticated libraries – scouting github! ● What strong types does with your code Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 55/140 Jonathan Müller @foonathan type_safe Zero overhead utilities for preventing bugs at compile time https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 56/140 Jonathan Müller @foonathan type_safe Zero overhead utilities for preventing bugs at compile time https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe A rich type library, with which you can piece together the exact behaviour of a type that you want. It also includes a number of predefined neat type templates, and other features like improved optional and variant

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 57/140 Jonathan Müller @foonathan type_safe Zero overhead utilities for preventing bugs at compile time https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe A rich type library, with which you can piece together the exact behaviour of a type that you want. It also includes a number of predefined neat type templates, and other features like improved optional and variant Since October 2016

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 58/140 // type_safe/strong_typedef.hpp template class type_safe::strong_typedef { public: constexpr strong_typedef(); explicit constexpr strong_typedef(const T& value); explicit constexpr strong_typedef(T&& value); explicit constexpr operator T&() & noexcept; explicit constexpr operator const T&() const & noexcept; explicit constexpr operator T&&() && noexcept; explicit constexpr operator const T&&() const && noexcept; }; https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 59/140 https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe #include namespace ts = type_safe; namespace op = type_safe::strong_typedef_op; struct my_handle : ts::strong_typedef , op::equality_comparison , op::output_operator { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; }; struct my_int : ts::strong_typedef , op::integer_arithmetic { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 60/140 https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe #include namespace ts = type_safe; namespace op = type_safe::strong_typedef_op; struct my_handle : ts::strong_typedef , op::equality_comparison , op::output_operator { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; }; struct my_int : ts::strong_typedef , op::integer_arithmetic { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 61/140 https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe #include namespace ts = type_safe; namespace op = type_safe::strong_typedef_op; struct my_handle : ts::strong_typedef , op::equality_comparison , op::output_operator { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; }; struct my_int : ts::strong_typedef , op::integer_arithmetic { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 62/140 https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe #include namespace ts = type_safe; namespace op = type_safe::strong_typedef_op; struct my_handle : ts::strong_typedef , op::equality_comparison , op::output_operator { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; }; struct my_int : ts::strong_typedef , op::integer_arithmetic { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 63/140 https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe #include namespace ts = type_safe; namespace op = type_safe::strong_typedef_op; struct my_handle : ts::strong_typedef , op::equality_comparison , op::output_operator { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; }; struct my_int : ts::strong_typedef , op::integer_arithmetic { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 64/140 https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe #include namespace ts = type_safe; namespace op = type_safe::strong_typedef_op; struct my_handle : ts::strong_typedef , op::equality_comparison , op::output_operator { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; }; struct my_int : ts::strong_typedef , op::integer_arithmetic { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 65/140 https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe #include namespace ts = type_safe; namespace op = type_safe::strong_typedef_op; struct my_handle : ts::strong_typedef , op::equality_comparison { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const my_handle& h) { return os << "H{" << static_cast(h) << "}"; } };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 66/140 https://github.com/foonathan/type_safe #include namespace ts = type_safe; namespace op = type_safe::strong_typedef_op; struct my_handle : ts::strong_typedef , op::equality_comparison { using strong_typedef::strong_typedef; friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const my_handle& h) { return os << "H{" << ts::get(h) << "}"; } };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 67/140 Jonathan Boccara @joboccara NamedType Implementation of strong types in C++ https://github.com/joboccara/NamedType

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 68/140 Jonathan Boccara @joboccara NamedType Implementation of strong types in C++ https://github.com/joboccara/NamedType A small type library with a simpler aim, but which still allows you to piece together the strong types with your desired behaviour. It also supports conversions between different types of the same kind, for example meters to feet, or non-linear like Watt to dB.

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 69/140 Jonathan Boccara @joboccara NamedType Implementation of strong types in C++ https://github.com/joboccara/NamedType A small type library with a simpler aim, but which still allows you to piece together the strong types with your desired behaviour. It also supports conversions between different types of the same kind, for example meters to feet, or non-linear like Watt to dB. MeetingC++ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVleZqzTw2k

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 70/140 // NamedType/named_type.hpp using my_handle = fluent::NamedType< int, struct my_handle_tag >; https://github.com/joboccara/NamedType

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 71/140 // NamedType/named_type.hpp using my_handle = fluent::NamedType< int, struct my_handle_tag, fluent::comparable, fluent::printable, fluent::hashable >; https://github.com/joboccara/NamedType

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 72/140 // NamedType/named_type.hpp struct my_handle : fluent::NamedType< int, my_handle, fluent::comparable, fluent::printable, fluent::hashable > { using NamedType::NamedType; }; https://github.com/joboccara/NamedType

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 73/140 // NamedType/named_type.hpp struct my_handle : fluent::NamedType< int, my_handle, fluent::comparable, fluent::printable, fluent::hashable, fluent::ImplicitlyConvertibleTo::templ > { using NamedType::NamedType; }; https://github.com/joboccara/NamedType

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 74/140 ● Introduction to type safety ● Type safety in C++ ● Simple library solution for strong types ● Sophisticated libraries – scouting github! ● What strong types does with your code Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 75/140 Network capacity utilisation 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots A slot is a network capacity quanta

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 76/140 Network capacity utilisation 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots SlotCount SlotIndexes SlotRanges 8 3,4,7,8,13,14,15,16 {3-4},{7-8},{13-16} 3 5,9,10 {5},{9-10} 13 0,1,2,6,11,12,17,18, 19,20,21,22,23 {0-2},{6},{11-12},{17-23} A slot is a network capacity quanta

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 77/140 Network capacity utilisation 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots SlotCount SlotIndexes SlotRanges 8 3,4,7,8,13,14,15,16 {3-4},{7-8},{13-16} 3 5,9,10 {5},{9-10} 13 0,1,2,6,11,12,17,18, 19,20,21,22,23 {0-2},{6},{11-12},{17-23} A slot is a network capacity quanta typename SlotIndex; typename SlotCount; struct SlotRange { SlotIndex start; SlotCount length; };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 78/140 Magic Numbers

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 79/140 SlotCount availableCapacity(); ... if (availableCapacity() == 0) { ... }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 80/140 SlotCount availableCapacity(); ... if (availableCapacity() == SlotCount{0}) { ... }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 81/140 SlotCount availableCapacity(); constexpr SlotCount noCapacity{0}; ... if (availableCapacity() == noCapacity) { ... }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 82/140 Encapsulation

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 83/140 class MessageBuff { public: template serialize_bits(unsigned value); }; SlotCount capacity = ... MessageBuff buffer ... buffer.serialize_bits<24>(capacity);

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 84/140 class MessageBuff { public: template serialize_bits(unsigned value); }; SlotCount capacity = ... MessageBuff buffer ... buffer.serialize_bits<24>(capacity);

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 85/140 class MessageBuff { public: template serialize_bits(unsigned value); }; void serialize(MessageBuff& b, const SlotCount& c) { b.serialize_bits<24>(value(c)); } SlotCount capacity = ... MessageBuff buffer ... serialize(buffer, capacity);

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 86/140 template void serialize(MessageBuff&,const T&) = delete; class MessageBuff { public: template serialize_bits(unsigned value); }; template <> void serialize(MessageBuff& b, const SlotCount& c) { b.serialize_bits<24>(value(c)); } SlotCount capacity = ... MessageBuff buffer ... serialize(buffer, capacity);

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 87/140 class MessageBuff; template void serialize(MessageBuff&,const T&) = delete; class MessageBuff { public: template serialize_bits(unsigned value); }; template <> void serialize(MessageBuff& b, const SlotCount& c) { b.serialize_bits<24>(value(c)); } SlotCount capacity = ... MessageBuff buffer ... serialize(buffer, capacity);

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 88/140 class MessageBuff; template void serialize(MessageBuff&,const T&) = delete; class MessageBuff { public: template void serialize(const T& t) { ::serialize(*this, t); } template serialize_bits(unsigned value); }; template <> void serialize(MessageBuff& b, const SlotCount& c) { b.serialize_bits<24>(value(c)); } SlotCount capacity = ... MessageBuff buffer ... serialize(buffer, capacity);

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 89/140 class MessageBuff; template void serialize(MessageBuff&,const T&) = delete; class MessageBuff { public: template void serialize(const T& t) { ::serialize(*this, t); } template serialize_bits(unsigned value); }; template <> void serialize(MessageBuff& b, const SlotCount& c) { b.serialize_bits<24>(value(c)); } SlotCount capacity = ... MessageBuff buffer ... buffer.serialize(capacity);

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 90/140 Type Semantics

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 91/140 class SlotPool { public: void releaseCapacity(const std::vector& ranges) SlotCount availableCapacity() const { return unusedSlots;} ... private: SlotCount unusedSlots; ... };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 92/140 class SlotPool { public: void releaseCapacity(const std::vector& ranges) { for (auto& range : ranges) { ususedSlots += range.length; } ... } SlotCount availableCapacity() const { return unusedSlots;} ... private: SlotCount unusedSlots; ... };

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 93/140 class SlotPool { public: void releaseCapacity(const std::vector& ranges) { for (auto& range : ranges) { ususedSlots += range.length; } ... } SlotCount availableCapacity() const { return unusedSlots;} ... private: SlotCount unusedSlots; ... }; Does not compile! No operator += for SlotCount

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 94/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 95/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 96/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 97/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 98/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 99/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 100/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 101/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 102/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 103/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 104/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 105/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 106/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 107/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 108/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 109/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 110/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 111/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 112/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 113/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 114/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex SlotIndex/SlotCount? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 115/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex SlotIndex/SlotCount 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 116/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex SlotIndex/SlotCount SlotIndex/Ratio? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 117/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex SlotIndex/SlotCount SlotIndex/Ratio 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 118/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex SlotIndex/SlotCount SlotIndex/Ratio SlotIndex*SlotIndex? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 119/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex SlotIndex/SlotCount SlotIndex/Ratio SlotIndex*SlotIndex 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 120/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex SlotIndex/SlotCount SlotIndex/Ratio SlotIndex*SlotIndex SlotIndex*SlotCount? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 121/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex SlotIndex/SlotCount SlotIndex/Ratio SlotIndex*SlotIndex SlotIndex*SlotCount 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 122/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex SlotIndex/SlotCount SlotIndex/Ratio SlotIndex*SlotIndex SlotIndex*SlotCount SlotIndex*Ratio? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 123/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex SlotIndex/SlotCount SlotIndex/Ratio SlotIndex*SlotIndex SlotIndex*SlotCount SlotIndex*Ratio 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 124/140 Which operations makes sense? SlotCount+SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount-SlotCount->SlotCount SlotCount*SlotCount SlotCount*Ratio->SlotCount SlotCount/SlotCount->Ratio SlotCount/Ratio->SlotCount SlotIndex+SlotIndex SlotIndex+SlotCount->SlotIndex SlotIndex-SlotIndex->SlotCount SlotIndex/SlotIndex SlotIndex/SlotCount SlotIndex/Ratio SlotIndex*SlotIndex SlotIndex*SlotCount SlotIndex*Ratio Affine Geometry In mathematics, affine geometry is what remains of Euclidean geometry when not using (mathematicians often say "when forgetting") the metric notions of distance and angle. -- Wikipedia 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011121314151617181920212223 Frame with 24 slots

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 125/140 Test Code

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 126/140 DestClient::newCapacity(RequestId, SlotCount); TestNode::throttleCapacityTo(RequestId, SlotCount total); TEST(capacity_decrease_is_notified_to_clients) { TestNode node; DestClient client1 = node.clientWithCapacity(5); DestClient client2 = node.clientWithCapacity(8); REQUIRE_CALL(client1, newCapacity(4, 2)); REQUIRE_CALL(client2, newCapacity(4, 3)); node.throttleCapacityTo(4, 5); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 127/140 DestClient::newCapacity(RequestId, SlotCount); TestNode::throttleCapacityTo(RequestId, SlotCount total); TEST(capacity_decrease_is_notified_to_clients) { TestNode node; DestClient client1 = node.clientWithCapacity(5); DestClient client2 = node.clientWithCapacity(8); RequestId req{4}; REQUIRE_CALL(client1, newCapacity(req, 2)); REQUIRE_CALL(client2, newCapacity(req, 3)); node.throttleCapacityTo(req, 5); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 128/140 DestClient::newCapacity(RequestId, SlotCount); TestNode::throttleCapacityTo(RequestId, SlotCount total); TEST(capacity_decrease_is_notified_to_clients) { TestNode node; SlotCount c1Capacity{5}, c2Capacity{8}; DestClient client1 = node.clientWithCapacity(c1Capacity); DestClient client2 = node.clientWithCapacity(c2Capacity); RequestId req{4}; SlotCount newC1Capacity{2}, newC2Capacity{3}; REQUIRE_CALL(client1, newCapacity(req, newC1Capacity)); REQUIRE_CALL(client2, newCapacity(req, newC2Capacity)); SlotCount newTotalCapacity{5}; node.throttleCapacityTo(req, newTotalCapacity); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 129/140 DestClient::newCapacity(RequestId, SlotCount); TestNode::throttleCapacityTo(RequestId, SlotCount total); TEST(capacity_decrease_is_notified_to_clients) { TestNode node; SlotCount c1Capacity{5}, c2Capacity{8}; DestClient client1 = node.clientWithCapacity(c1Capacity); DestClient client2 = node.clientWithCapacity(c2Capacity); RequestId req{4}; SlotCount newC1Capacity{2}, newC2Capacity{3}; REQUIRE_CALL(client1, newCapacity(req, newC1Capacity)); REQUIRE_CALL(client2, newCapacity(req, newC2Capacity)); SlotCount newTotalCapacity{5}; node.throttleCapacityTo(req, newTotalCapacity); } WTF!

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 130/140 DestClient::newCapacity(RequestId, SlotCount); TestNode::throttleCapacityTo(RequestId, SlotCount total); TEST(capacity_decrease_is_notified_to_clients) { TestNode node; DestClient client1 = node.clientWithCapacity(SlotCount{5}); DestClient client2 = node.clientWithCapacity(SlotCount{8}); RequestId req{4}; REQUIRE_CALL(client1, newCapacity(req, SlotCount{2})); REQUIRE_CALL(client2, newCapacity(req, SlotCount{3})); node.throttleCapacityTo(req, SlotCount{5}); }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 131/140 DestClient::newCapacity(RequestId, SlotCount); TestNode::throttleCapacityTo(RequestId, SlotCount total); TEST(capacity_decrease_is_notified_to_clients) { TestNode node; DestClient client1 = node.clientWithCapacity(SlotCount{5}); DestClient client2 = node.clientWithCapacity(SlotCount{8}); RequestId req{4}; REQUIRE_CALL(client1, newCapacity(req, SlotCount{2})); REQUIRE_CALL(client2, newCapacity(req, SlotCount{3})); node.throttleCapacityTo(req, SlotCount{5}); } constexpr SlotCount operator"" _slots(unsigned long long v) { auto cv = static_cast(v); return SlotCount{cv}; }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 132/140 DestClient::newCapacity(RequestId, SlotCount); TestNode::throttleCapacityTo(RequestId, SlotCount total); TEST(capacity_decrease_is_notified_to_clients) { TestNode node; DestClient client1 = node.clientWithCapacity(5_slots); DestClient client2 = node.clientWithCapacity(8_slots); RequestId req{4}; REQUIRE_CALL(client1, newCapacity(req, 2_slots)); REQUIRE_CALL(client2, newCapacity(req, 3_slots)); node.throttleCapacityTo(req, 5_slots); } constexpr SlotCount operator"" _slots(unsigned long long v) { auto cv = static_cast(v); return SlotCount{cv}; }

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 133/140 ● Introduction to type safety ● Type safety in C++ ● Simple library solution for strong types ● Sophisticated libraries – scouting github! ● What strong types does with your code Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 134/140 ● Safety for built in types is abysmal in C++ Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 135/140 ● Safety for built in types is abysmal in C++ ● Structs/classes are as strong as you wish – You must add the cross-type functionality you want Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 136/140 ● Safety for built in types is abysmal in C++ ● Structs/classes are as strong as you wish – You must add the cross-type functionality you want ● Libraries exist that makes this easier Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 137/140 ● Safety for built in types is abysmal in C++ ● Structs/classes are as strong as you wish – You must add the cross-type functionality you want ● Libraries exist that makes this easier ● Thinking about what operations your types should support makes you understand the problem better! Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 138/140 ● Safety for built in types is abysmal in C++ ● Structs/classes are as strong as you wish – You must add the cross-type functionality you want ● Libraries exist that makes this easier ● Thinking about what operations your types should support makes you understand the problem better! ● Strong types leads to more expressive code – Fewer magical numbers – More encapsulation – Explicit tests that express intent Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 139/140 ● Safety for built in types is abysmal in C++ ● Structs/classes are as strong as you wish – You must add the cross-type functionality you want ● Libraries exist that makes this easier ● Thinking about what operations your types should support makes you understand the problem better! ● Strong types leads to more expressive code – Fewer magical numbers – More encapsulation – Explicit tests that express intent Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) Avoid typedef

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Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-) – Stockholm C++ 0x0A – Björn Fahller @bjorn_fahller 140/140 Björn Fahller [email protected] @bjorn_fahller @rollbear cpplang, swedencpp Type Safe C++? - LOL! :-)