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@CYRIUX BREAK THE MONOLITH! CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES @CYRIUX @AROLLAFR Cyrille Martraire

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@cyriux @arollafr You must be able to deploy anytime!

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@cyriux @arollafr You have to scale the delivery!

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@cyriux @arollafr You have to be full cloud- native!

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@cyriux @arollafr You have to go full microservices!

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@cyriux @arollafr If only it was THAT simple…

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@cyriux @arollafr If only I didn’t have this big monolith!

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@CYRIUX BREAKING A MONOLITH? @CYRIUX @AROLLAFR

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SINCE 1999 CYRILLE MARTRAIRE @CYRIUX @AROLLAFR CO-FOUNDER & CTO AROLLA DEVELOPER, CONSULTANT, TRAINER FOUNDER PARIS SOFTWARE CRAFTERS SPEAKER & AUTHOR

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arolla.fr @arollafr TDD | BDD | DDD

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arolla.fr @arollafr crafting architecture

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@CYRIUX BREAKING A MONOLITH? @CYRIUX @AROLLAFR

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@CYRIUX BREAKING A MONOLITH? @CYRIUX @AROLLAFR

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MONOLITH = 1

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@CYRIUX 1 COMPONENT {;}

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@CYRIUX 1 TEAM

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@CYRIUX 1 GROUP?

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@CYRIUX 1 REPO #Commit

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@CYRIUX DEPLOY AT ONCE #GoLive

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@CYRIUX INITIALLY: SMALL

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@CYRIUX INITIALLY: HAPPINESS

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@CYRIUX …

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@CYRIUX EVENTUALLY: LARGE #sad

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@CYRIUX EVENTUALLY: FRUSTRATION #sad

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@CYRIUX MANY RESPONSIBILITIES IN ONCE PLACE #notSRP {;} {;} {;} {;} {;}

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@CYRIUX TOO MANY PEOPLE

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@CYRIUX INTERFERING ON EACH OTHER’S WORK

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@CYRIUX OR TOO MUCH COORDINATION #TooManyMeetings

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@CYRIUX SLOW DELIVERY #Slow

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@CYRIUX MANY OTHER ISSUES #scaling-as-1-piece #not-cloud-native #excessive-coupling

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@CYRIUX FRUSTRATION #sad

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@CYRIUX BUT MONOLITH IS NOT A DIRTY WORLD

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@CYRIUX NOTHING’S WRONG WITH A SMALL MONOLITH Laårk Boshoff

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@CYRIUX NOTHING’S WRONG WITH A STRUCTURED MONOLITH Paul Hanaok a

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@CYRIUX LARGE AND ENTANGLED IS THE ISSUE

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@CYRIUX BREAK THE MONOLITH @CYRIUX @AROLLAFR

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@CYRIUX MAKING THE MONOLITH MORE MODULAR @CYRIUX @AROLLAFR

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WHY BREAKING A MONOLITH? TOO BIG FOR ONE TEAM TOO BIG TO SCALE WELL TOO BIG FOR THE CLOUD SCALING TEAMS SCALING RUNTIME CLOUD-FRIENDLY

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@CYRIUX MANY MODULES @CYRIUX TOO BIG FOR ONE TEAM {;} {;} {;} {;}

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@CYRIUX MANY TEAMS @CYRIUX TOO BIG FOR ONE TEAM

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@CYRIUX GRANULAR SCALING @CYRIUX S XXL M XL TOO BIG TO SCALE WELL

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@CYRIUX GRANULAR ELASTICITY @CYRIUX 0..1 1-∞ managed (function) TOO BIG FOR THE CLOUD managed reserved 3

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WHY BREAKING A MONOLITH? TOO BIG TO REWRITE TOO BIG TO FIT IN YOUR HEAD PROGRESSIVE MODERNIZATION BETTER IMPACT ANALYSIS

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@CYRIUX GRANULAR MODERNIZING @CYRIUX partial rewrite TOO BIG TO REWRITE partial rewrite partial rewrite partial rewrite

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@CYRIUX HUMAN-SIZED @CYRIUX small TOO BIG TO FIT IN YOUR HEAD small small small #less-to-learn #fewer bugs

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX TOO BIG TO FIT IN YOUR HEAD HUMAN-SIZED

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@cyriux @arollafr Ok, now split it into modules!

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@cyriux @arollafr If only it was THAT simple…

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX ?

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@cyriux @arollafr @cyriux

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX #EvenMoreMeetings

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@cyriux @arollafr @cyriux

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@cyriux @arollafr @cyriux

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX #AutonomyByDesign

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@CYRIUX HOW TO DECIDE THE BOUNDARIES?

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@cyriux @arollafr @CYRIUX

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BOUNDED CONTEXTS @CYRIUX

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BOUNDED CONTEXTS @CYRIUX since 2003

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BOUNDED CONTEXTS @CYRIUX before it was cool

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No content

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in autonomy

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@CYRIUX HOW NOT TO HOW TO @CYRIUX

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@cyriux @arollafr NO

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@cyriux @arollafr YES

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@CYRIUX HOW NOT TO @CYRIUX

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Split by layer W eb Logic Dao DB EASY & WRONG

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Split by tech Mongo Postgres Elastic EASY & RANDOM

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Split by entity Client Purchase Product EASY & WRONG

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Split by Screen EASY & WRONG Hom e My Account DrillDow n

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Split by Billable unit EASY & WRONG Core Prem ium

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@CYRIUX HOW TO @CYRIUX

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Split by Functional Area aym ent atalogue hipping Billing NOT SO EASY

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TECHNICAL DECISION Functional areas

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TECHNICAL DECISION Functional areas

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TECHNICAL DECISION Functional areas

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@CYRIUX Focus on the language @CYRIUX

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Payment Event Anomaly Agent Transaction Transaction Status Account Basket Items Recent Baskets

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Payment Event Anomaly Agent Transaction Transaction Status Account Basket Items Recent Baskets

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Payment Event Anomaly Agent Transaction Transaction Status Account Basket Items Recent Baskets Shopping Cart Payment Payment Fraud Detection

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Payment Event Anomaly Agent Transaction Transaction Status Account Basket Items Recent Baskets Shopping Cart Payment Payment Fraud Detection purpose = be Paid purpose = Sell purpose = Avoid loss

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@CYRIUX Focus on the purpose @CYRIUX Sub-domain names as verbs made into nouns: often end in -ing or -tion or -ment

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Payment Event Anomaly Agent Transaction Transaction Status Account Basket Items Recent Baskets

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THE SAME THING IN THE REAL WORLD (EG A CUSTOMER) FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES BECOMES DIFFERENT THINGS

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DIFFERENT THINGS purpose = Sell purpose = Avoid loss Potential Fraudster ”Wanna be buyer”

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@CYRIUX Mixing All Your Mental Models @CYRIUX Interviews. Code reviews. Collaborative workshops.

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EVENT STORMING

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Pre-Negotiation Listing) B2BOrdering Fraud Détection Payment Sourcing Distribution Rates Grid RealTime Prices Gift Cards Content & Comparators Sales Promotion Acquisition TV Campaigns Online Ads Company Rating Product Reviews Shopping Cart Catalogue Search Categories Tags Partnerships Secondary Listing Internal Purchasing Rates CrossSales Navigation SEO Marketing MAPPING THE POTENTIAL BOUNDED CONTEXTS

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Sub-Domain A sub-sub domain A1 sub-sub domain B1 sub-sub domain C1 Domain Sub-Domain B Sub-Domain C sub-sub domain A2 sub-sub domain C2 Customers Experience X1 Customers Experience X2 Customers Experience X3 Generic enabler Audience Experiences Business (Sub)- Domains Domain- agnostic Enablers Collaborators Experience X4 Very specific Generic Specific audience Domain- Specific Domain- Agnostic Volatile Stable MAPPING THE POTENTIAL BOUNDED CONTEXTS

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@cyriux @arollafr

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@CYRIUX NOW THAT WE FOUND THE BOUNDARIES, WHAT ARE WE GONNA DO WITH THEM?

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@CYRIUX BREAK THE MONOLITH FOR REAL! @CYRIUX @AROLLAFR

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Sub-Domain A sub-sub domain A1 sub-sub domain B1 sub-sub domain C1 Domain Sub-Domain B Sub-Domain C sub-sub domain A2 sub-sub domain C2 Customers Experience X1 Customers Experience X2 Customers Experience X3 Generic enabler Audience Experiences Business (Sub)- Domains Domain- agnostic Enablers Collaborators Experience X4 Very specific Generic Specific audience Domain- Specific Domain- Agnostic Volatile Stable SpringBoot Postgres / Elastic Search RabbitMQ Microservice MODULE = MICROSERVICE (BACKEND)

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MODULE = MODULE IN MONOLITH Sub-Domain A sub-sub domain A1 sub-sub domain B1 sub-sub domain C1 Domain Sub-Domain B Sub-Domain C sub-sub domain A2 sub-sub domain C2 Customers Experience X1 Customers Experience X2 Customers Experience X3 Generic enabler Audience Experiences Business (Sub)- Domains Domain- agnostic Enablers Collaborators Experience X4 Very specific Generic Specific audience Domain- Specific Domain- Agnostic Volatile Stable Modular Monolith ”Majestic Monolith”

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Sub-Domain A sub-sub domain A1 sub-sub domain B1 sub-sub domain C1 Domain Sub-Domain B Sub-Domain C sub-sub domain A2 sub-sub domain C2 Customers Experience X1 Customers Experience X2 Customers Experience X3 Generic enabler Audience Experiences Business (Sub)- Domains Domain- agnostic Enablers Collaborators Experience X4 Very specific Generic Specific audience Domain- Specific Domain- Agnostic Volatile Stable Node.js Elastic Search RabbitMQ BFF MODULE = FRONT MICROSERVICE (BFF)

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Sub-Domain A sub-sub domain A1 sub-sub domain B1 sub-sub domain C1 Domain Sub-Domain B Sub-Domain C sub-sub domain A2 sub-sub domain C2 Customers Experience X1 Customers Experience X2 Customers Experience X3 Generic enabler Audience Experiences Business (Sub)- Domains Domain- agnostic Enablers Collaborators Experience X4 Very specific Generic Specific audience Domain- Specific Domain- Agnostic Volatile Stable (Function) (Function) (Function) Serverless store Serverless bus FaaS / BaaS / SaaS MODULE = FUNCTIONS / SERVERLESS SERVICES

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Mapping the Potential Bounded Contexts Sub-Domain A sub-sub domain A1 sub-sub domain B1 sub-sub domain C1 Domain Sub-Domain B Sub-Domain C sub-sub domain A2 sub-sub domain C2 Customers Experience X1 Customers Experience X2 Customers Experience X3 Generic enabler Audience Experiences Business (Sub)- Domains Domain- agnostic Enablers Collaborators Experience X4 Very specific Generic Specific audience Domain- Specific Domain- Agnostic Volatile Stable legacy components not aligned (at all)

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@CYRIUX GUIDING DELIVERY PROJECTS @CYRIUX Don’t split for the sake of it. Split Opportunistically when needed. Never fully done.

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@CYRIUX (Like Cellular Division)

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@CYRIUX (Like Cellular Division)

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@CYRIUX LIMITS & CONSEQUENCES

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@cyriux @arollafr But modules work with each other!

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX Contracts Everywhere STABLE CONTRACTS ENABLE BOTH SIDES TO CHANGE FREELY

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@cyriux @arollafr If they work together, they must be coupled!

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@CYRIUX microservices Event-Driven Architecture API’s Smart Endpoints, Dumb Pipes @CYRIUX Choreography over Orchestration Change-Ready Architecture

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Event Bus / Observer pattern Ticke t Booked Bookin g Service Bookin g Confirmed Inventor y Service Bookin g Cancelled Capacit y Updated Ticketin g Service CHANGE IN ONLY 1 PLACE

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Event Bus / Observer pattern Ticke t Booked Bookin g Service Bookin g Confirmed Inventor y Service Bookin g Cancelled Capacit y Updated Ticketin g Service Notificatio n Service CHANGE IN ONLY 1 PLACE

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Event Bus / Observer pattern Ticke t Booked Bookin g Service Bookin g Confirmed Inventor y Service Bookin g Cancelled Capacit y Updated Ticketin g Service CHANGE IN ONLY 1 PLACE

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@cyriux @arollafr But it’s silos again!?

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HIGH-LEVEL ALIGNMENT OWN INTELLIGENCE + LOCAL KNOWLEDGE TO ACT COMPANY VISION & GOALS HIGH- LEVEL STRATEGY (HIGH LEVEL)

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@cyriux @arollafr But the global optimum isn’t the sum of local ones!

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX ‘FINE TUNING’ CONTROL LOOPS LOW-FREQUENCY

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@cyriux @arollafr But we already moved to the cloud!

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@cyriux @arollafr fedakv.medium.com/ GRANULARITY MATTERS

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@CYRIUX MORE OPPORTUNITIES…

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Modularity opens options @CYRIUX

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MODULAR PERSONAL COMPUTER

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@CYRIUX GLOBAL OPTIONS @CYRIUX

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@CYRIUX GLOBAL OPTIONS @CYRIUX A

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@CYRIUX GLOBAL OPTIONS @CYRIUX A’

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@CYRIUX GLOBAL OPTIONS @CYRIUX A’ X

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX ”PAIN AU CHOCOLAT” LOCAL OPTIONS ”CHOCOLATINE”

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX EXTREME PROGRAMMING LOCAL OPTIONS KANBAN SCRUM

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX LOCAL OPTIONS POSTGRES POSTGRES POSTGRES POSTGRES

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX TDD, BDD, DDD, 90+ COVERAGE LOCAL OPTIONS CHANGE CHEAP, 40% TESTS FROM NOW ON KEEP AS-IS, TEST MANUALLY AS USUAL

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CRAFT IS NOT EVERYWHERE, ALL THE TIME?!

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BE CAT-MATIC NOT DOG-MATIC

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@CYRIUX Escape the Tyranny of ONE @CYRIUX Everything is contextual. No one-size- fits-all.

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@cyriux @arollafr Fraud Détection Payment Gift Cards n mpany ting Review Shopping Cart EVENT-SOURCED HEXAGONAL ARCHITECTURE CRUD SaaS

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@cyriux @arollafr Fraud Détection Payment Gift Cards n mpany ting Review Shopping Cart POstgres POSTGRES S3+RDS Elastic

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@cyriux @arollafr Fraud Détection Payment Gift Cards n mpany ting Review Shopping Cart Azure API APP on-premise Azure/WEbapp SaaS Azure FUNCTIONS Azure ML

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@CYRIUX GRANULAR EVERYTHING @CYRIUX S XXL M XL TOO BIG TO BENEFIT FROM THE CLOUD

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@cyriux @arollafr Fraud Détection Payment Gift Cards n mpany ting Review Shopping Cart REWRITE outsource KEEP AS-IS KEEP EXTRACT EXTRACT AS LIB

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@CYRIUX GRANULAR SCALING @CYRIUX repair rewrite extract rewrite TOO BIG TO REWRITE

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@CYRIUX EVEN MORE OPPORTUNITIES

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REPORTING À LA MAP-REDUCE REDUCE MAP MAP MAP MAP REDUCE REDUCE REDUCE REDUCE LOCALLY COMPUTED LOCAL METRICS AGREGATED GLOBAL METRICS

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BOUNDED CONTEXTS IN A VALUE CHAIN Sub-Domain A sub-sub domain A1 sub-sub domain B1 sub-sub domain C1 Domain Sub-Domain B Sub-Domain C sub-sub domain A2 sub-sub domain C2 Customers Experience X1 Customers Experience X2 Customers Experience X3 Generic enabler Domain- agnostic Enablers Collaborators Experience X4 Very specific Generic Specific audience Domain- Specific Domain- Agnostic Volatile Stable Self-care ratio Conversion rate acquisition cost Average Basket Amount Turnover = Traffic x conversion rate x average basket

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@CYRIUX MODULAR COMPANY @CYRIUX

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX MODULAR SYSTEM PLATFORM VALUE- ADDED SERVICES INNO- VATION

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX ECO-SYSTEM PLATFORM VALUE- ADDED SERVICES INNO- VATION EXTERNAL BUSINESSES EXTERNAL INNOVATIONS

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX MERGER, ACQUISITION PLATFORM VALUE- ADDED SERVICES INNO- VATION BEST-OF-CLASS, BY SUB-DOMAIN BUY INNOVATION

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX SPIN-OFFS PLATFORM VALUE- ADDED SERVICES INNO- VATION

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@CYRIUX @CYRIUX PIVOT PLATFORM VALUE- ADDED SERVICES INNO- VATION FOCUS HERE GIVE UP GIVE UP

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GREGOR HOHPE ”ARCHITECT ELEVATOR”

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CONNECT BUSINESS STRATEGY TO TECH & VICE-VERSA

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@cyriux BUY MY BOOK!

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@cyriux BUY our BOOK!

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@CYRIUX WHY AND HOW WOULD YOU BREAK YOUR MONOLITH THEN?

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@CYRIUX THE END THANK YOU @AROLLA @LESINGECUIVRE