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No content
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Hi, I’m Brooks
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I work at !
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let’s talk about
GraphQL & Relay
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in Ruby
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but first
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let’s start with APIs
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REST APIs
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are endpoint driven
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are verb driven
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!"""#
verb
!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""#
endpoint
https://api.reddit.com/r/catsstandingup.json
GET
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{
"kind": "Listing",
"data": {
"modhash": "",
"children": [
{
"kind": "t3",
"data": {
"id": "4lyzb1",
"created": 1464776494,
"title": "Cat.",
"author": "AcezennJames",
"score": 1,
"num_comments": 0,
"subreddit": "CatsStandingUp",
"url": "https://i.reddituploads.com/da4620368fdd4c08a17e3b2f56571889?
fit=max&h=1536&w=1536&s=a7a58b1ca15529fa6dda138d12d6fb51",
"permalink": "/r/CatsStandingUp/comments/4lyzb1/cat/",
"thumbnail": "http://b.thumbs.redditmedia.com/uT4-uPd2Z7Jt-gVdJSswq8W5bTa9Jchfnb3GHRlhHLE.jpg",
"locked": false
}
}
]
}
}
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but, we’re Rubyists…
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require 'net/http'
require 'json'
uri = URI('https://api.reddit.com/r/catsstandingup.json')
response = Net::HTTP.get(uri)
parsed_response = JSON.parse(response)
posts = parsed_response['data']['children']
html = posts.each_with_object('') do |post, string|
thumbnail = post['data']['thumbnail']
string << "
"
end
File.write('cats_standing_up.html', html)
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No content
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REST APIs
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…for backend engineers
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are difficult to change
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…for implementors
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aren’t optimized for
consumption
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{
"kind": "Listing",
"data": {
"modhash": "",
"children": [
{
"kind": "t3",
"data": {
"id": "4lyzb1",
"created": 1464776494,
"title": "Cat.",
"author": "AcezennJames",
"score": 1,
"num_comments": 0,
"subreddit": "CatsStandingUp",
"url": "https://i.reddituploads.com/da4620368fdd4c08a17e3b2f56571889?
fit=max&h=1536&w=1536&s=a7a58b1ca15529fa6dda138d12d6fb51",
"permalink": "/r/CatsStandingUp/comments/4lyzb1/cat/",
"thumbnail": "http://b.thumbs.redditmedia.com/uT4-uPd2Z7Jt-gVdJSswq8W5bTa9Jchfnb3GHRlhHLE.jpg",
"locked": false
}
}
]
}
}
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enter, GraphQL
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What is it?
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a Data Query Language
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think SQL
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not Neo4j
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GraphQL is a
specification
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created by Facebook
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powering all of their
mobile apps
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what does it look like?
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{
me {
firstName
lastName
email
}
}
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{
me {
firstName
lastName
email
}
}
{
"data":{
"me":{
"firstName":"Brooks",
"lastName":"Swinnerton",
"email":"[email protected]"
}
}
}
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!"""#
verb
!""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""#
endpoint
https://nyc-restaurant-grades.com/graphql
POST
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{
restaurant(name: "Cafe Ghia") {
name
buildingNumber
street
zipcode
borough
grade
}
}
{
"data": {
"restaurant": {
"name": "Cafe Ghia",
"buildingNumber": "24",
"street": "Irving Avenue",
"zipcode": "11237",
"borough": "BROOKLYN",
"grade": "A"
}
}
}
https://nyc-restaurant-grades.com/graphql
POST
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how do you know what
you can query?
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GraphQL is introspectable
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GraphQL is typed
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No content
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documentation and
client generation, are free
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THIS IS THE HOLY GRAIL
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Building a GraphQL server
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like SQL, there are many
implementations
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let’s talk about the
Ruby implementation
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ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20160605211006) do
create_table "inspections"do |t|
t.integer "restaurant_id"
t.text "type"
t.datetime "inspected_at"
t.datetime "graded_at"
t.integer "score"
t.text "violation_description"
t.text "violation_code"
t.text "grade"
t.datetime "created_at", null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
end
create_table "restaurants"do |t|
t.text "name"
t.text "camis"
t.text "building_number"
t.text "street"
t.text "zipcode"
t.integer "borough"
t.text "cuisine"
t.datetime "created_at", null: false
t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
end
end
db/schema.rb
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class Inspection < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :restaurant
end
app/models/inspection.rb
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class Restaurant < ActiveRecord::Base
enum borough: ['BRONX', 'BROOKLYN', 'MANHATTAN', 'STATEN_ISLAND', 'QUEENS']
has_many :inspections
def grade
return unless last_inspection
last_inspection.grade
end
private
def last_inspection
inspections.where.not(grade: nil).order(inspected_at: :desc).last
end
end
app/models/restaurant.rb
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graphql-ruby
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app/graph/graph/types/restaurant.rb
module Graph
module Types
Restaurant = GraphQL::ObjectType.define do
name 'Restaurant'
description 'A place of business serving food in New York City'
global_id_field :id
field :name, !types.String, 'The doing-business-as value.'
field :camis, !types.String, 'The unique identifier.'
field :buildingNumber, types.String, 'The street number.', property: :building_number
field :street, types.String, 'The street name.'
field :zipcode, types.String, 'The zip code.'
field :cuisine, types.String, 'The cuisine.'
field :grade, types.String, 'The latest grade of an inspection.'
end
end
end
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app/graph/graph/types/inspection.rb
module Graph
module Types
Inspection = GraphQL::ObjectType.define do
name 'Inspection'
description 'A NYC health inspection.'
global_id_field :id
field :type, types.String, 'The type of inspection.'
field :violationDescription, types.String, 'The violation description.', property: :violation_description
field :violationCode, types.String, 'The violation code cited.', property: :violation_code
field :grade, types.String, 'The grade received.'
field :score, types.Int, 'The numeric score received.'
field :inspectedAt, !types.String, 'The inspection timestamp.', property: :inspected_at
field :gradedAt, types.String, 'The issued grade timestamp.', property: :graded_at
end
end
end
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app/graph/graph/types/root_query.rb
module Graph
module Types
RootQuery = GraphQL::ObjectType.define do
name "RootQuery"
description "The query root."
field :restaurant do
type -> { Types::Restaurant }
description "Perform a search for one restaurant."
argument :name, types.String
resolve -> (object, arguments, context) do
::Restaurant.find_by(name: arguments['name'])
end
end
end
end
end
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{
restaurant(name: "Cafe Ghia") {
name
buildingNumber
street
zipcode
borough
grade
}
}
{
"data": {
"restaurant": {
"name": "Cafe Ghia",
"buildingNumber": "24",
"street": "Irving Avenue",
"zipcode": "11237",
"borough": "BROOKLYN",
"grade": "A"
}
}
}
https://nyc-restaurant-grades.com/graphql
POST
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class Restaurant < ActiveRecord::Base
enum borough: ['BRONX', 'BROOKLYN', 'MANHATTAN', 'STATEN_ISLAND', 'QUEENS']
has_many :inspections
def grade
return unless last_inspection
last_inspection.grade
end
private
def last_inspection
inspections.where.not(grade: nil).order(inspected_at: :desc).last
end
end
app/models/restaurant.rb
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Enter, Relay
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but first
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an introduction to
Graph Theory
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Graphs contain:
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nodes
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edges
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{
"name": "Cafe Ghia",
"buildingNumber": "24",
"street": "Irving Avenue",
"zipcode": "11237",
"borough": "BROOKLYN"
}
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{
"name": "Cafe Ghia",
"buildingNumber": "24",
"street": "Irving Avenue",
"zipcode": "11237",
"borough": "BROOKLYN"
}
{
"grade": "A",
"score": 13,
"type": "Cycle Inspection",
"violationCode": "10B",
"violationDescription": "Plumbing not
properly installed.",
"inspectedAt": "2016-02-18 00:00:00 UTC",
"gradedAt": "2016-02-18 00:00:00 UTC"
}
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{
"name": "Cafe Ghia",
"buildingNumber": "24",
"street": "Irving Avenue",
"zipcode": "11237",
"borough": "BROOKLYN"
}
{
"grade": "A",
"score": 13,
"type": "Cycle Inspection",
"violationCode": "02G",
"violationDescription": "Cold food item
held above 41ºF",
"inspectedAt": "2016-02-18 00:00:00 UTC",
"gradedAt": "2016-02-18 00:00:00 UTC"
}
{
"grade": "A",
"score": 13,
"type": "Cycle Inspection",
"violationCode": "10B",
"violationDescription": "Plumbing not
properly installed.",
"inspectedAt": "2016-02-18 00:00:00 UTC",
"gradedAt": "2016-02-18 00:00:00 UTC"
}
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{
restaurant(name:"Cafe Ghia") {
inspections(first:2) {
edges {
node {
violationCode
violationDescription
}
}
}
}
}
https://nyc-restaurant-grades.com/graphql
POST
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{
restaurant(name:"Cafe Ghia") {
inspections(first:2) {
edges {
node {
violationCode
violationDescription
}
}
}
}
}
{
"data": {
"restaurant": {
"inspections": {
"edges": [
{
"node": {
"violationCode": "10F",
"violationDescription": "Non-food
contact surface improperly constructed. Unacceptable
material used."
}
},
{
"node": {
"violationCode": "04L",
"violationDescription": "Evidence of
mice or live mice present in facility's food and/or
non-food areas."
}
}
]
}
}
}
}
https://nyc-restaurant-grades.com/graphql
POST
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graphql-relay-ruby
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app/graph/graph/types/restaurant.rb
module Graph
module Types
Restaurant = GraphQL::ObjectType.define do
name 'Restaurant'
description 'A place of business serving food in New York City'
connection :inspections, -> { Types::Inspection.connection_type } do
description 'List the inspections.'
resolve -> (object, arguments, context) do
object.inspections
end
end
end
end
end
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Mutations
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Versions
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More information
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https://facebook.github.io/graphql/
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http://nyc-restaurant-grades.com
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https://github.com/bswinnerton/nyc-restaurant-grades
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Thanks
Follow me on Twitter & GitHub: @bswinnerton