フレームワークを作らない方法/How NOT to build frameworks

by MOROHASHI Kyosuke

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ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ ࡞Βͳ͍ํ๏ )PX/05UPCVJMEGSBNFXPSLT   2019-06-21 ۜ࠲Rails#10 ॾڮګհ @moro

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‣ ࣸਅ

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Kyosuke MOROHASHI @moro

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!5 SMS? What's SMSってなにをやってる会社なの？

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https://twitter.com/sunaot/status/1002392476492038144

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“ 情報インフラを構築することで、⾼齢社会を  取り巻く⼈びと、⾼齢社会で働く⽅や事業者の⽅、⾼齢者ご⾃⾝やそのご家族などがイキイキと  ⽣活できる社会の実現を⽬指しています。 — https://www.bm-sms.co.jp/philosophy/

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!8 &

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吳䒭⠓爡ؒأ ٥ ؒي ٥ ؒأ 匌❨鿪庥⼒蓎Ⱅ㕦⡝⿼♶⹛欵蓎Ⱅ㕦ةٙ٦ https://www.bm-sms.co.jp ؒٝآص،䱰欽؟؎ ز https://careers.bm-sms.co.jp/engineer/ join us!

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͜Ε·Ͱͷ͋Β͢͡

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‣ ͳͥϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʹ͠ͳ͍΄͏͕Α͍͔ ‣ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ࡞Βͳ͍ํ๏ ‣ ςϯϓϨʔτϝιουΛආ͚ͯ;ͭ͏ʹϝιουʹநग़͢Δ ‣ ςϯϓϨʔτϝιουΑΓ΋ετϥςδʔͰ֦ுͤ͞Δ ‣ lͪΐͬͱҧ͏ॲཧzΛදݱ͢ΔͨΊʹϒϩοΫΛड͚෇͚Δ ‣ ·ͱΊ੍ޚߏ଄Λ࢖͍खʹҕͶΔ

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ͳͥ  ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʹ͠ͳ͍ ΄͏͕Α͍͔

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ϥΠϒϥϦͱ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ

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“ ͔͠͠ɺϥΠϒϥϦͰ͸ݺͼग़͠ଆ͕ϓϩάϥϜશ ମͷ੍ޚߏ଄ΛࢦఆͰ͖ͳ͍͕ɺϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͰ ͸ՄೳͰ͋Δɻ͜ͷ੍ޚͷ൓స͕ιϑτ΢ΣΞϑ ϨʔϜϫʔΫͷಛ௃Ͱ͋Δɻ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ιϑτ΢ΣΞϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ

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‣ ʮར༻ऀ͕ݺͼग़͢ʯͷ͕ϥΠϒϥϦ ‣ ʮར༻ऀ ͷίʔυ Λݺͼग़͢ʯͷ͕ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͸੍ޚߏ଄Λࢦఆ͢Δ

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‣ ͸͖ͬΓͱനࠇ͚ͭΒΕΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ɻ ‣ ར༻ऀͨΔΞϓϦ։ൃऀ͕ݺͼग़͢"DUJWF3FDPSE  Ϟσϧʹఆٛͨ͠ίʔϧόοΫ͸"DUJWF3FDPSE͕ݺͼग़ͧ͢ʜ ‣ ར༻ऀ͕ॻ͘ίʔυͷ੍ޚߏ଄ΛͲΕ΄Ͳࢦఆ  ͢Δ͔͠ͳ͍͔ɻ ˞۠ผ͸౓߹͍

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‣ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͸ɺͦͷ্Ͱͷ׆ಈΛ੍໿͢Δɻ ‣ ͍ΘΏΔʮϨʔϧ͔Β߱Γ͍ͨʯ໰୊ ‣ ඞͣ͠΋ѱ͍Θ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ʮ੍໿͕ࣗ༝Λ΋ͨΒ͢ʯ ‣ ʮͦͷ্Ͱͷ׆ಈʯ͸༧ଌͰ͖ͳ͍ɻ ‣ ͍͍ͨͯந৅Խ͕࿙ΕΔɻ ‣ ࡞ऀͷؾ࣋ͪΛߟ͑Α͏ͱͯ͠΋࡞ऀ΋ߟ͑ͯͳ͍͜ͱ΋ɻ ͳͥϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʹ͠ͳ͍΄͏͕ྑ͍͔

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‣ ಡΈղ͘ͷʹϝλϓϩάϥϛϯάͷ஌͕ࣝඞཁʹͳΔ͜ͱଟ͍ɻ ‣ ϝλϓϩάϥϛϯάֶशۂઢ ίʔυࣗମ͕೉͘͠ͳΓ͕ͪ https://www.martinfowler.com/articles/rubyAtThoughtWorks.html

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‣ ଟ͘ͷ"1*ͱͦͷ࢖͍ํΛֶश͢Δඞཁ͋Γɻ ‣ ࡞ऀͷؾ࣋ͪΛߟ͑ͯΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίʔυ Λॻ͘ɻ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫࣗମ΋ֶशίετ͕͔͔Δ

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‣ 3VCZͰ8FCΞϓϦ։ൃ͢Δͱ͖ͷυఆ൪ͱͯ͠  ೥ϝΠϯετϦʔϜʹ͍Δɻ ‣ ৭Μͳ༻్ͷʮݸผࣄ৘ʯΛίϯτϦϏϡʔτ͞Ε ଓ͚͖ͯͨɻ ‣ ʮϨʔϧͷ߱ΓํʯͳΜͯͷ·ͰؚΊͯ๲େͳ  ϊ΢ϋ΢͕஝ੵ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ 3BJMT͸ϛϥΫϧ

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‣ ࣗ෼ࣗ਎ΛؚΉ ະདྷͷϝϯςφʹର੍͠໿͠ͳ͍ɻ ‣ ະདྷʹͲ͏͍͏ιϑτ΢ΣΞʹ͍͔ͨ͠͸Θ͔Βͳ͍ɻ ‣ େମʹ͓͍ͯߟྀ͸ෆ଍͠ந৅Խ͸࿙ΕΔɻ ‣ ϥΠϒϥϦʹ͓ͯ͘͠ͱɺݺͿ΋ݺ͹ͳ͍΋ɺ  ΋͏ݺ͹ͳ͘͢Δɺͷ΋ར༻ऀ͕ܾΊΒΕΔɻ ʮ;ͩΜ͸ʯϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʹ͢ΔͷΛආ͚Δ

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ͱ͸͍͑ɺ ศརϝιουΛॻ͖ͨ͘ͳΔ͜ͱ͸ ͨ͘͞Μ͋ΔΘ͚Ͱ

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ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ ࡞Βͳ͍ํ๏

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ݴ͍׵͑Δͱ ੍ޚߏ଄Λ  ࢖͍खʹҕͶΔํ๏

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ςϯϓϨʔτϝιουΛආ͚ͯ ;ͭ͏ʹϝιουʹநग़͢Δ

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‣ ΦʔόʔϥΠυ͞ΕͯΔϝιουΛ࢓૊Έଆ͕ݺͿɻ ݺ͹ΕΔଆ͔Βߏ଄͕ݟ͑ͳ͍ɻ ‣ 34QFDͷMFUTVCKFDU໰୊΋ಉࠜͰ͋Δͱ΋ݴ͑Δɻ ‣ ۩৅ςετέʔε͔Β཭ΕͨʮϑΝΠϧͷ্ͷํʯʹ  ߏ଄͕Ͱ͖ΔͷͰɺݟ͑ͳ͍͠ɺม͑ͮΒ͍ɻ ςϯϓϨʔτϝιουύλʔϯͷ໰୊

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‣ ܧঝͯ͠͠·͏ͷͰɺϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷ಺෦ߏ଄Λ ࡽͯ͠͠·͏ɻ ‣ ͞ΘΓͨ͘ͳΔΑͶ ‣ ͦͯ͠όʔδϣϯΞοϓͰ͖ͳ͘ͳΔ ‣ 3BJMTΞϓϦ͋Δ͋Δɻ ςϯϓϨʔτϝιουύλʔϯͷ໰୊

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‣ 3BJMTࣗମ͕ϥΠϒϥϦఏڙΫϥεΛܧঝͯ͠࢖͏  ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͳͷͰɺࣗ෼Ͱ΋ͦ͏ॻ͖ͨ͘ͳΔɻ ‣ ʜΑͶ ‣ 999#BTF͍ͬͯ͏ந৅ΫϥεΛఆٛͨ͜͠ͱ͋Δਓ ‣ 3BJMT͔ͩΒͰ͖Δ͜ͱɻ 3BJMT͸ϛϥΫϧ

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ϝιουʹநग़͠ɺࣗ෼Ͱݺͼग़͢

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‣ Ұ࿈ͷΦϒδΣΫτάϥϑΛ࡞Δϝιο υʹநग़͠ɺ࡞Γ͍ͨଆ͕ݺͼग़͢ɻ ‣ ࠩ෼ΛҾ਺Ͱ༩͑ͭͭɺ ‣ ΊͬͪΌී௨ͷ͜ͱΛݴͬͯ·͢ ϝιουʹநग़͠ɺࣗ෼Ͱݺͼग़͢

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let!(:article) { create(:article, author: author } # ...͜ͷؒ 30ߦ... context ';ͭ͏ͷϢʔβʔͷهࣄ͸Ұཡදࣔର৅' do let(:author) { create(:author) } it { expect(Article.indexable).to include(article) } context 'ୀձͨ͠Ϣʔβʔͷهࣄ͸Ұཡදࣔର৅֎' do let(:author) { create(:author, retired_at: Time.now) } it { expect(Article.indexable).not_to include(article) }

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def article_by(user) create(:article, author: author) end context ';ͭ͏ͷϢʔβʔ' do let(:article) { article_by(create(:user)) } it { expect(Article.indexable).to include(article) } context 'ୀձͨ͠Ϣʔβʔ' do let(:article) { article_by(:author, retired_at: Time.now) } it { expect(Article.indexable).not_to include(article) }

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‣ BVUIPSVTFS͕Ͳ͏࡞ΒΕͲ͏࢖ΘΕΔ͔ɺॱΛ௥ͬ ͯಡΊΔɻ ‣ ϔϧύʔϝιου͕େ͖͘ͳΔଟ͘ͳΓ͗͢Δ  ଞͷϑΝΠϧ͔Β΋࢖͍͍ͨ৔߹͸ɺී௨ʹ  ίʔυΛ෼ׂ͢ΔͱΑ͍ɻ ‣ কདྷɺςετίʔυΛॻ͘ਓ͕ɺ࢖͍ํΛࣗ෼Ͱ  ܾΊΒΕΔɻ

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ҧ͏ॲཧΛڬΈࠐΉͨΊʹ ετϥςδʔύλʔϯΛ࢖͏

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‣ ڞ௨ͷલॲཧΛͯ͠ɺຊॲཧͯ͠ɺڞ௨ͷޙॲཧ͕  ͋Δ৔߹ͳͲɻ ‣ ͞Βʹຊॲཧͷྫ֎ॲཧ΋ඞཁͳ৔߹ͳΜ͔͸৑௕ʹͳΓ͕ͪɻ ‣ ͜ͷຊॲཧ͚ͩΛม͍͑ͨɻ ‣ ςϯϓϨʔτϝιου࢖͍ͨ͘ͳΓ͕ͪɻ ϝιουͷҰ෦͚ͩม͍͑ͨ৔߹͕͋Δ

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class TwitterNotification < BaseNotification private def before_request authorize(@article.author) def request @user = article.author.access_token ... def after_request nil class BaseNotification def notify(article) @article = article before_request request after_request private def request raise NotImplementedError

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ετϥςδʔύλʔϯΛ࢖͏

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‣ Ұ෦͚ͩม͍͑ͨॲཧΛɺετϥς δʔΦϒδΣΫτͷ஫ೖͰදݱ͢Δɻ ετϥςδʔύλʔϯΛ࢖͏

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class SnsNotification def notify(article) #=> [TwitterNotification.new, FacebookNotofication.new...] SnsNotification.targets.each do |sns| sns.notify(article)

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‣ ݺͼग़͢γʔέϯε͕ࣗ໌ʹͳΔɻ ‣ ݺ͹ΕΔݸʑͷετϥςδʔଆ΋ΠϯλʔϑΣʔε ͕͸͖ͬΓ͢Δɻ ‣ ৼΔ෣͍ʹӨڹΛ༩͑Δύϥϝʔλ͕໌֬ʹͳΔͷͰɺςετ΋͠΍͍͢ ‣ ݺͼग़͠ݩείʔϓʹΞΫηεͰ͖ͳ͍ ‣ CJOEJOH@PG@DBMMFSͷ͜ͱ͸๨ΕΑ͏

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lͪΐͬͱҧ͏ॲཧzΛ  ϒϩοΫͱͯ͠ड͚औΔ

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“ EPFOE·ͨ͸\^Ͱғ·Εͨίʔυͷஅย ϒ ϩοΫͱݺ͹ΕΔ ΛޙΖʹ෇͚ͯϝιουΛݺͼग़ ͢ͱɺͦͷϝιουͷ಺෦͔ΒϒϩοΫΛධՁͰ͖ ·͢ɻ  ϒϩοΫ෇͖ϝιουΛࣗ෼Ͱఆٛ͢Δʹ͸ZJFME ࣜΛ࢖͍·͢ɻ

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‣ ॲཧΛΦϒδΣΫτͱͯ͠ந৅Խͨ͠΋ͷɻ ‣ 3VCZͷಛ௃ਓؾϙΠϯτͷͭ ‣ ͍ΘΏΔʮߴ֊ؔ਺ʯ ‣ DBMMͰॲཧΛݺͼग़͢ɻ ϒϩοΫ

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‣ ;ͭ͏ͷ܁Γฦ͠ ‣ .PEFMBMMFBDIEPFOE ‣ ॲཧͷڥք ‣ .PEFMUBOTBDUJPOEPFOE ‣ %4- ‣ 3BJMTBQQMJDBUJPOSPVUFTESBXEPFOE ‣ 34QFDͷMFU 3BJMTΞϓϦʹ͓͚ΔϒϩοΫ

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‣ ϥΠϒϥϦ੍͕ޚߏ଄Λࢦఆ͍ͯ͠Δ ‣ ݺͼग़͠ଆͷ۩ମతͳॲཧࣗମΛϒϩοΫͱͯ͠ड͚ɺ  ϥΠϒϥϦϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͰ४උ্ͨ͠Ͱݺͼग़͢ɻ ‣ Ͱ΋ɺऔΒΕͨؾ͕͠ͳ͍ ‣ FBDI΍USBOTBDUJPO͸ී௨ʹಡΊΔ ϒϩοΫΛΑ͘ݟͯΈΔͱ

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model.transaction do model1.save! model2.save! end ྫ

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module Transactionable def transaction do_begin do_something do_commit rescue do_rollback class Model include Transactionable private def do_something model1.save! model2.save! NJYJOͰॻ͍ͯΈΔ

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class MyModel < AbstractModel private def do_something model1.save! model2.save! ςϯϓϨʔτϝιουͰॻ͍ͯΈΔ class AbstractModel def transaction do_begin do_something do_commit rescue do_rollback private def do_something raise NotImplementedError

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class SaveStrategy def initialize(*models) def do_something @models.each(&:save!) ... s = SaveStrategy.new( model1, model2 ) model.transaction(s) ετϥςδʔͰॻ͍ͯΈΔ class Model def transaction(strategy) do_begin strategy.do_something do_commit rescue do_rollback

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class Model def transaction(&strategy) do_begin strategy.call # or yield do_commit rescue do_rollback ϒϩοΫΛड͚෇͚Δ model.transaction do model1.save! model2.save!

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‣ DBMMΛڞ௨ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεͱͨ͠ετϥςδʔͱ ΋ݴ͑Δɻ ‣ ͍ΘΏΔDBMMBCMFPCKFDU ‣ ϒϩοΫΛ࢖͏ͱɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίʔυͷಡΈ खͷίϯςΩετ͕ܧଓ͢Δɻ ‣ CJOEJOHQSZΛೖΕΔͱ͜Ζ͕ࣗ໌ ϒϩοΫͱετϥςδʔ

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class MyModel < AbstractModel private def do_something model1.save! model2.save! ྫEP@TPNFUIJOH͕ݺ͹Εͯͳͦ͞͏ͳͱ͖Ͳ͏͢Δ class AbstractModel def transaction do_begin do_something do_commit rescue do_rollback private def do_something raise NotImplementedError

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‣ ϒϩοΫΛड͚෇͚Δͱɺʮͪΐͬͱҧ͏ॲཧ Λࠩ͠ࠐ·͍ͤͨʯͱ͖ʹͷ੍ޚߏ଄Λݺͼग़ ͠ଆʹҕͶ͍ͯΔΑ͏ʹݟͤΒΕΔɻ ‣ ͦ͏͍͏ؾ࣋ͪͰ࢖͑Δͷ͕େࣄɻ ‣ 3VCZͬΆ͍ίʔυʹ΋ͳΔɻ

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·ͱΊ  ੍ޚߏ଄Λ  ࢖͍खʹҕͶΔ

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‣ ศརϥΠϒϥϦ͕ศརͳͷ͸ؒҧ͍ͳ͍ɻ ‣ ੍ޚߏ଄Λͯ͠͠ͳͯ͘΋ɺศརϝιουΛఏڙ͢Δͷ͕े෼ศར ‣ ʮͪΐͬͱҧ͏ॲཧʯ͸ετϥςδʔͰදݱ͢Δɻ ‣ ܧঝͤͯ͞ݺͼग़͢ॲཧ͚ͩΛॻ͔ͤͳ͍ ‣ ϒϩοΫ͍͍Ϡπɻੵۃతʹ׆༻͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ ‣ 3VCZ͍͍ΑͶ ϥΠϒϥϦίʔυͱΞϓϦίʔυΛૄʹอͭ

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‣ ϔϧύʔϝιουΛɺετϥςδʔύλʔϯΛɺϒϩοΫΛ ࢖͑͹Α͍Θ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍ɻ ‣ 'PP'SBNFXPSLOBOUPLB@QSPD DPOUFYU \^Έ͍ͨͳ ‣ ͍ͭɺͲ͏ݺ͹ΕΔͷ ‣ ʮࠓ͜ͷศརϥΠϒϥϦΛॻ͍ͯΔࣗ෼͸ɺͦΕ͕  Ͳ͏࢖ΘΕΔ͔·ͩ஌Βͳ͍ʯͱ͍͏ؾ࣋ͪʹ޲͖߹͏ɻ )PXʹ͍ͭͯ࿩͠·͕ͨ͠

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‣ ·ͩݟ͵ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίʔυʹɺඞཁҎ্ͷ  ੍໿Λ՝͞ͳ͍Α͏ʹ͢Δɻ ‣ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰԿΛ͍͔ͨ͠͸ɺͦͷͱ͖ʹͳΒͳ͍ͱΘ͔Βͳ͍ɻ ‣ ͦͷ࣌ɺͦͷਓୡ͕ɺ޲͖߹͑Δ༨஍Λ࢒͢ɻ ‣ ۩ମతͳ໰୊ʹ޲͖߹͍ͬͯΔਓΛϦεϖΫτɻະདྷͷࣗ෼͔΋ ੍ޚߏ଄Λ࢖͍खʹҕͶΔ