"API First" Development

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“API First” Development Dan Miller Software Engineer, Core Platform Etsy

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@jazzdan Metadata bit.ly/api-first

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@jazzdan Metadata Insert picture of notes here

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@jazzdan The Problem Transition engineers from desktop web to non-desktop.

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@jazzdan The Problem Transition humans from desktop web to non-desktop.

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Model Controller API Business Logic A Business Logic B Business Logic A

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@jazzdan What is Etsy? Etsy is the marketplace we make together

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@jazzdan What is Etsy? ObjectifyHomeware in Dunedin, New Zealand

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@jazzdan What is Etsy? AliciaWatkins in United States

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2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 GROSS MERCHANDISE SALES $0.17 M $26 M $87.5 M $180.6 M $314.3 M $525.6 M $895.1 M $1.35 B $3.8 M

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@jazzdan

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The Story of Etsy’s Architecture

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2005 2014 ‘12 ‘11 ‘10 ‘09 ‘08 ‘07 ‘06 ‘13 • LAMP in a Box • Explosive growth • Chiseling away at the monolith

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• Four Employees • One Web Server* • One Database Server  * until getting Slashdotted in August, 2005 2005 2014 ‘12 ‘11 ‘10 ‘09 ‘08 ‘07 ‘06 ‘13

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• Etsy goes down all the time (often for a long time) • Code deployments are incredibly painful • Developer, DBA, Operations silos 2005 2014 ‘12 ‘11 ‘10 ‘09 ‘08 ‘07 ‘06 ‘13

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• New CTO • New CEO • New VP of Operations 2005 2014 ‘12 ‘11 ‘10 ‘09 ‘08 ‘07 ‘06 ‘13

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• Metrics Driven Development • DevOps • Continuous Deployment • Sharded Databases • Tons of Hiring 2005 2014 ‘12 ‘11 ‘10 ‘09 ‘08 ‘07 ‘06 ‘13

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• Deployed over 30 times per day (Deployinator) • Hundreds of thousands of graphs (StatsD) • 6x as many engineers • $895 million in Gross Merchandise Sales/year 2005 2014 ‘12 ‘11 ‘10 ‘09 ‘08 ‘07 ‘06 ‘13

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@jazzdan Then mobile happened

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2005 2014 ‘12 ‘11 ‘10 ‘09 ‘08 ‘07 ‘06 ‘13

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2005 Desktop Web

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2011 iOS

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2012 Android

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2014 Sell on Etsy

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Technical Problems of 2013

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Model Controller API Business Logic A Business Logic B Business Logic A

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@jazzdan REST Not always best

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@jazzdan A REST API is a Slow API Uniform Interface ! “Individual resources are identiﬁed in requests” ! (Fielding 2000, §5.1.5)

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@jazzdan A REST API is a Slow API 1.GET /listing/12345 2.GET /shop/98765 3.GET /user/cart 4.GET /shop/98765/reviews 5.GET /shop/98765/shipping_profiles 200 ms (best case) 200 ms (best case) 200 ms (best case) 200 ms (best case) 200 ms (best case)

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@jazzdan A REST API is a Slow API

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@jazzdan A REST API is a Slow API 1000 ms -900 ms (3G network + client rendering) —————————————————— 100ms

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@jazzdan International Performance

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@jazzdan Data Access Templates Models Controllers Component Database Access

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Solution

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@jazzdan Part 1: Human

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@jazzdan Human Problems • Most Engineers speak PHP and JavaScript • iOS apps are in Objective-C, Android apps are in Java • 1/10 Engineers were native apps engineers

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@jazzdan Human Problems • Separate teams • iOS team for iPhone, iPad • Android team for Android phone and tablet

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@jazzdan The Mobile App Training Program

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@jazzdan Option 1: Learn on your Own • Curated guides and tutorials • Getting started with Objective-C at Etsy • Obj-C/Java style guides • Lunch and Learn videos • App architecture documentation

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@jazzdan Option 2: The Classroom

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@jazzdan Option 2: The Classroom • Week 1: Prerequisites • Week 2: Class • Week 3: Post-Class Hacking

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@jazzdan End Goal • Everyone will be a mobile engineer • All product teams can develop their products on all platforms: Desktop, iOS, Android • Infrastructure teams can triage issues on all platforms

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@jazzdan Part 2: Technological

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Model Controller API Business Logic A Business Logic B Business Logic A

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Model API v3 Business Logic

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@jazzdan Data Access Templates Models Controllers Component Database Access

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@jazzdan API First Architecture Models API v3 Bespoke Endpoint Edge No Data Access Data Access

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@jazzdan Data Flowing In Models API v3 Bespoke Endpoint Edge No Data Access Data Access

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@jazzdan Data Flowing Out Models API v3 Bespoke Endpoint Edge No Data Access Data Access

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@jazzdan API First Architecture Models API v3 Bespoke Endpoint Edge No Data Access Data Access

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The Edge

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@jazzdan Move data closer to the user faster Origin ! ! ! Etsy :: Your place to buy and sell all things handmade

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@jazzdan Move data closer to the user faster Origin Edge

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@jazzdan ! ! ! Etsy :: Your place to buy and sell all things handmade Move data closer to the user faster Origin Edge {! "listing": {! "listing_id": 150002520,! "state": "active",! "user_id": 5029420,! "category_id": 69150467,! "title": "ETSY Buttons Variety Pack (Set of 6) copy 3",! ...! } 70% reduction in payload size to Edge

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@jazzdan Data Access Templates Models Controllers Component Database Access

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API v3

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@jazzdan API First Architecture Models API v3 Bespoke Endpoint Edge No Data Access Data Access

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@jazzdan Listing and Shop Relationship Shop Listing 1 Listing 2 Listing 3

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@jazzdan v2 Row Oriented aka REST 12345 54321 active 5 123478 Pug Hat 20.00 Cool Pug Hat USD shop_id currency_code price description title category_id user_id state listing_id { “listing_id”: 12345, “state”: “active”, “user_id”: 123478, “title: “Pug Hat”, “description”: “Cool Pug Hat” “price”: “20.00”, “currency_code”: “USD”, “shop_id”: 54321 }

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@jazzdan v3 Resource Oriented { listing_id: 12345, shop: { name: “Awesome shop”, url: “et.sy/abcdf” }, price: “20.00”, currency: “USD”, currency_symbol: “$”, … }

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@jazzdan Cacheable Today Tomorrow API v2 Models GET /listings/12345?include=foo&bar API v3 Models GET /public/listings/12345

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Bespoke Endpoints

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@jazzdan A REST API is a Slow API 1000 ms -900 ms (network + client processing) —————————————————— 100ms

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@jazzdan A REST API is a Slow API 1000 ms -900 ms (network + client processing) —————————————————— 100ms = Bespoke

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@jazzdan API First Architecture Models API v3 Bespoke Endpoint Edge No Data Access Data Access

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@jazzdan Bespoke Endpoints etsy.com/listing/124740565 Bespoke Recent Shop Overview Related Seller Listing

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@jazzdan Bespoke Endpoints etsy.com/listing/124740565 Bespoke Recent Shop Overview Related Seller Listing listing->id listing->id listing->id listing->user_id listing->shop_id listing->shop_id

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@jazzdan Bespoke Endpoints etsy.com/listing/124740565 Bespoke Recent Shop Overview Related Seller Listing listing->id listing->id

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@jazzdan Bespoke Endpoints etsy.com/listing/124740565 Bespoke Recent Shop Overview Related Seller Listing listing->id listing->id

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@jazzdan Overview Related Listing Bespoke Endpoints etsy.com/listing/124740565 Bespoke Recent Shop Seller listing->shop_id listing->shop_id

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@jazzdan API First Architecture Models API v3 Bespoke Endpoint Edge No Data Access Data Access

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@jazzdan Data Flowing In Models API v3 Bespoke Endpoint Edge No Data Access Data Access

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@jazzdan Data Flowing Out Models API v3 Bespoke Endpoint Edge No Data Access Data Access

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Wrap Up

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@jazzdan Cultural Beneﬁts • Fewer Silos • Easier team collaboration • Career Growth

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@jazzdan Technical Beneﬁts • Same API endpoints power web and apps • Enables multi-colo • More easily understood codebase • Enable infrastructure experimentation

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@jazzdan Many, Many Thanks!