Upgrading PHP - Speaker Deck

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Pains and Gains of PHP Upgrades Lorna Mitchell, May 2014

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About Recent Versions of PHP Version Released End of Life 5.2 November 2006 January 2011 5.3 June 2009 July 2014 5.4 March 2012 Release + 3 years 5.5 June 2013 Release + 3 years 5.6 Soon Release + 3 years

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Current PHP Installations

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Pains of Upgrades • cost (time and money) • risk

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Gains of Upgrades • shiny new features • better security • better performance

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Not All Upgrades Are Equal • to 5.3: climbing a mountain • to 5.4: flying leap • to 5.5: nobody will notice • to 5.6: another anticlimax

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to PHP 5.3

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PHP 5.3 is Full of Goodness • namespaces

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PHP Namespaces Namespaces allow modularity and separation • classes, constants and functions belong in namespaces • namespaces can be nested • much easier pick-and-mix of frameworks/libraries • avoids naming collision • key ingredient for PSR-0

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Namespaced Library File words[ array_rand($this->words)]; } }

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Namespaced Calling Code speak(); $other = new \StdClass();

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PHP 5.3 is Full of Goodness • namespaces • anonymous functions

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Anonymous Functions "Alice", "colour" => "Blue", "origin" => "Dreams"); function formatit($value, $key) { echo $key . ": " . $value . "\n"; } array_walk($things, "formatit");

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Anonymous Functions "Alice", "colour" => "Blue", "origin" => "Dreams"); array_walk($things, function ($value, $key) { echo $key . ": " . $value . "\n"; });

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PHP 5.3 is Full of Goodness • namespaces • anonymous functions • better DateTime • SPL data structures • works on Windows • E_DEPRECATED error reporting level • late static binding • __DIR__

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Upgrading to 5.3: Gotchas new reserved words: namespace, goto log message changes requires MySQL > 4.1 full info: http://lrnja.net/ZpvknE (php.net)

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to PHP 5.4

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PHP 5.4 is a Leap to the Future • improved performance, reduced memory footprint

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PHP Performance

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PHP 5.4 is a Leap to the Future • improved performance, reduced memory footprint • built-in webserver

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PHP's Own Webserver php -S dev.project.local:8080 -t /var/www/cool-project/web -c php-ini.development routing.php

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PHP 5.4 is a Leap to the Future • improved performance, reduced memory footprint • built-in webserver • traits

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Simple Traits Example

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Simple Traits Example getAuditTrail();

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PHP 5.4 is a Leap to the Future • improved performance, reduced memory footprint • built-in webserver • short array notation, array dereferencing

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Short Array Notation 'stone', 1 => 'paper', 2 => 'scissors'); $game = [0 => 'scissors', 1 => 'stone', 2 => 'paper'];

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PHP 5.4 is a Leap to the Future • improved performance, reduced memory footprint • built-in webserver • short array notation, array dereferencing • echo shortcut always available

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PHP 5.4 Echo Shortcut PHP 5.4 removes short_open_tag config option • A template saying "hi, "

is the same as:

A template saying "hi, "

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PHP 5.4 is a Leap to the Future • improved performance, reduced memory footprint • built-in webserver • traits • short array notation, array dereferencing • less nonsense

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Upgrading to PHP 5.4: Gotchas new reserved words: trait callable insteadof no register_globals, short open tag etc turn on E_DEPRECATED on your 5.3 platform compile PHP 5.4 and use the webserver

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Upgrading to PHP 5.4: Gotchas new reserved words: trait callable insteadof no register_globals, short open tag etc turn on E_DEPRECATED on your 5.3 platform compile PHP 5.4 and use the webserver beware APC issues

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to PHP 5.5

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PHP 5.5: New Features • password hashing features

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Easy Password Hashing

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Easy Password Hashing

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PHP 5.5: New Features • password hashing features • generators

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PHP Generators Simpler than iterators - a function returning a sequence of values.

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PHP Generators Simpler than iterators - a function returning a sequence of values.

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PHP 5.5: New Features • password hashing features • generators • try/catch/finally

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Try/Catch/Finally Finally is a clause that always gets run

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PHP 5.5: New Features • password hashing features • generators • try/catch/finally • built-in opcode cache • Turn on opcache.enable and opcache.enable_cli • use APCu https://github.com/krakjoe/apcu

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Upgrading to PHP 5.5 • turn on E_DEPRECATED on your 5.4 platform • compile PHP 5.5 and use the webserver

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to PHP 5.6

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PHP 5.6: Just Better • variadic functions

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Variadic Functions Variable parameters with func_get_args() function concatenate($transform) { $string = ''; $pieces = func_get_args(); $transform = array_shift($pieces); foreach($pieces as $piece) { $string .= $piece; } return($transform($string)); } echo concatenate("strtoupper", "I'd ", "like ", 4 + 2, " apples");

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Variadic Functions Much cleaner with new syntax: function concatenate($transform, ...$strings) { $string = ''; foreach($strings as $piece) { $string .= $piece; } return($transform($string)); } echo concatenate("strtoupper", "I'd ", "like ", 4 + 2, " apples");

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PHP 5.6: Just Better • variadic functions • argument unpacking

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Argument Unpacking Let PHP unpack your args $email[] = "[email protected]"; $email[] = "Hi there"; $email[] = "Thanks for registering, hope you like it"; // old syntax mail($email[0], $email[1], $email[2]); //new syntax mail(...$email);

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Argument Unpacking Let PHP unpack your args $email[] = "Hi there"; $email[] = "Thanks for registering, hope you like it"; mail("[email protected]", ...$email);

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PHP 5.6: Just Better • variadic functions • argument unpacking • import namespaced functions/constants

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Import Namespaced Functions For classes: use \Lib\Many\Layers\Thing; $a = new Thing(); Now also for functions: include "Lib/Many/Layers/functions.php"; use function \Lib\Many\Layers\deep_func; deep_func();

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PHP 5.6: Just Better • variadic functions • argument unpacking • import namespaced functions/constants • exponentiation operator

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Exponentiation Operator Like pow() but as an operator echo pow(4,3); // 64 echo 4 ** 3; //64

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PHP 5.6: Just Better • variadic functions • argument unpacking • import namespaced functions/constants • exponentiation operator • phpdbg included

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Upgrading to PHP 5.6 • turn on E_DEPRECATED on your 5.5 platform • compile PHP 5.6 and use the webserver

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In Summary

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Upgrade, FFS

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General Upgrade Plan • check the changelog: http://php.net/ChangeLog-5.php • turn on E_DEPRECATED • test with the webserver, run unit tests with new binary • upgrade test platform • pecl extensions will need a reinstall • go for it :)

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Any Questions? Contact me • @lornajane • http://lornajane.net

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Appendices

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PHP Version Adoption • Version 5.3 52.1% • Version 5.2 28.1% • Version 5.4 16.3% • Version 5.5 1.9% • Version 5.1 1.5% (from W3Techs.com, 5 May 2014)

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PHP Performance Comparisons Average time to run bench.php on my laptop • 5.3.28: 3.92 seconds • 5.4.27: 2.72 seconds • 5.5.11: 2.69 seconds • 5.6.0beta2: 2.36 seconds