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Rubyʹܕ͕͋Δͱ ศ ར ͔ ೋʓҰ࿡೥ ޒ݄ೋेീ೔ ౦ژRubyձٞ11 ksss

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p self Yuki Kurihara ! ksss " @_ksss_ RubyKaja 2014 (Asakusa.rb) Ұࣇͷύύ

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spicelife

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झຯ == Hacking ! ksss/AsciiPack ! ksss/digest-murmurhash ! ksss/rgot ! ksss/mruby-file-stat ! ksss/active_tsv

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ܕ

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ܕͱݴͬͯ΋͍Ζ͍Ζ͋Δ

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Rubyʹܕ͕͋Δͱศར͔ RubyͰclassνΣοΫ͢Δͱ w w w w w w w w w w w ศར͔

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RubyͰclassνΣοΫ

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String === "hello" #=> true String === 123 #=> false String === nil #=> false RubyͰClassνΣοΫ

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͜Ε·ͰͷRubyͰͷ࣮૷ྫ ! gogotanaka/Rubype ! egonSchiele/contracts.ruby def sum(x, y) x + y end typesig :sum, [Numeric, Numeric] => Numeric

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TypeStruct ! ksss/type_struct

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First Issue σʔλͷմ͚ͩΛද͢class͕΄͔ͬͨ͠ ͍͍࣮ͪͪ૷͢Δͷ͕ΊΜͲ͍͘͞ ݁ߏ௕ੜ͖͢Δ ·͕ͪͬͯ࢖ΘΕΔͱࠔΔ Keyword argument͕࢖͑ΔStruct

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TypeStruct Α͏͸ΦϨΦϨStruct `new`ͰKeyword argument͕࢖͑Δ C΍GolangͷΑ͏ͳܕه๏

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Struct͓͞Β͍ User = Struct.new( :name, :age, :type, ) user = User.new( "ksss", 29, "normal", ) user.name #=> "ksss"

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TypeStruct User = TypeStruct.new( name: String, age: Integer, type: /\A(genius|normal)\z/ ) user = User.new( name: "ksss", age: 29, type: "normal" ) user.name #=> "ksss"

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TypeStruct name: String, name: "ksss", String === "ksss" #=> true

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TypeStruct age: Integer, age: 29, Integer === 29 #=> true

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TypeStruct type: /\A(genius|normal)\z/ type: "normal" /\A(genius|normal)\z/ === "normal" #=> true

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TypeStruct νΣοΫ͸஋͕มΘΔ͚࣌ͩ νΣοΫ͕௨Βͳ͔ͬͨΒଈ࠲ʹΤϥʔ User = TypeStruct.new( name: String, age: Integer, ) User.new(name: "ksss", age: "30") #=> TypeError user.age = "30" #=> TypeError

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Kernel#===ศར Rubyͷ΄ͱΜͲͷObjectͰΑ΂Δ (BasicObjectҎ֎) Rubyͷclassܧঝߏ଄͕࢖͑Δ Numeric === 1(Integer) or 1.23(Float) ͳΜͰ΋Α͚Ε͹ `Object`

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TypeStruct ਖ਼௚͜Ε͚ͩͰ͸ࣗ෼Ͱ΋࢖Θͳ͔ͬͨ ͋·Γ࢖͍Έ͕ͪͳ͍ ͜Ε͚ͩͷͨΊʹgemΛೖΕͳͯ͘΋

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Second Issue JSONΛѻ͏ϓϩάϥϜΛॻ͘ͷ͕ΊΜͲ͘ ͍͞

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Second Issue { "object": { "object_id" 123, "contents": [ { "content_id": 234, "items": [ { "type": "image", "image_id": 10, "position": { "x": 100, "y": 200, } }, { "type": "text", "font_id": 20, "position": { "x": 300, "y": 400, } "option": {} }]}]}}

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Second Issue json["object"]["contents"].each do |content| content["items"].each do |item| case item["type"] when "image" image_id = item["image_id"] x = item["position"]["x"] # ... when "text" # ... end end end

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Second Issue json.fetch("object").fetch("contents").each do |content| content.fetch("items").each do |item| case item.fetch("type") when "image" image_id = item.fetch("image_id") x = item.fetch("position").fetch("x") # ... when "text" # ... end end end

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Second Issue

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Second Issue typo͕͜Θ͍ ίʔυ͕ಡΈʹ͍͘ Ͳ͏͍͏ϝιου͕࢖͑Δͷ͔Θ͔Βͳ͍ nil͸͋Γ͑Δͷ͔ͳͲ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍ ଞͷݴޠ͸Ͳ͏ͯ͠Δʁ

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Golang JSON type Point struct { X int `json:"x"` Y int `json:"y"` } type Line struct { P1 Point `json:"p1"` P2 Point `json:"p2"` } func main() { const input = `{"p1":{"x":10,"y":20},"p2":{"x":30,"y":40}}` var line Line json.NewDecoder(strings.NewReader(input)).Decode(&line) fmt.Println(line.P2.Y) //=> 40 }

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Crystal JSON class Point JSON.mapping({ x: Int64, y: Int64, }) end class Line JSON.mapping({ p1: Point, p2: Point, }) end input = %({"p1":{"x":10,"y":20},"p2":{"x":30,"y":40}}) line = Line.from_json(input) puts line.p2.y #=> 40

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Second Issue RubyͰJSON(Hash)ΛStructԽ͢Δ JSON.parse(json, object_class: Foo)ͩͱɺ࠶ ؼతʹॻ͘ͷ͕໘౗ ͳΜ͔͖ͬ͞ͷه๏ɺ࠷ۙݟͨͧ……ʁ TypeStructʹػೳ௥Ճͯ͠ΈΕ͹͍͍ͷͰ͸ʂ

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Second Issue

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TypeStruct.from_hash Point = TypeStruct.new( x: Integer, y: Integer, ) Line = TypeStruct.new( p1: Point, p2: Point, ) input = %({"p1":{"x":10,"y":20}, "p2":{"x":30,"y":40}}) line = Line.from_hash(JSON(input)) puts line.p2.y #=> 40

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{ "object": { "object_id" 123, "contents": [ { "content_id": 234, "items": [ { "type": "image", "image_id": 10, "position": { "x": 100, "y": 200, } }, { "type": "text", "font_id": 20, "position": { "x": 300, "y": 400, } "option": {} }]}]}} TypeStruct

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TypeStruct Position = TypeStruct.new( x: Numeric, y: Numeric, ) Text = TypeStruct.new( font_id: Integer, position: Position, option: Option, ) Image = TypeStruct.new( image_id: Integer, position: Position, ) Content = TypeStruct.new( content_id: Integer, items: ArrayOf(Image | Text), ) Obj = TypeStruct.new( object_id: Integer, contents: ArrayOf(Content), )

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TypeStruct json.object.contents.each do |content| content.items.each do |item| case item when Image image_id = item.image_id x = item.position.x # ... when Text # ... end end end

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TypeStruct ΈͨΊΑ͠ ҆৺ײ͕͋Δ શͯͷJSONίʔυΛTypeStructʹ͓͖͔͑ ΕΔͷͰ͸ʁ ͍͔ͭ͘ͷ໰୊఺

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~4ͭͷissueͱ4ͭͷclass~ TypeStruct

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[ {"slime": "A"}, {"slime": "B"}, {"slime": "C"} ] Arrayがあらわれた!

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Array? Slime = TypeStruct.new( slime: String ) Encount = TypeStruct.new( enemies: Array # []Slime )

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Golang & Crystal class Encount JSON.mapping({ enemies: Array(Slime) }) end type Encount struct { Enemies []Slime }

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ArrayOf

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ArrayOf Encount = TypeStruct.new( enemies: ArrayOf(Slime) ) encount = Encount.from_hash( enemies: [ {"slime": "A"}, {"slime": "B"}, {"slime": "C"} ] ) encount.enemies #=> [#, #, #]

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ArrayOf class ArrayOf def initialize(type) @type = type end def ===(ary) ary.all? { |o| @type === o } end end

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ArrayOf ͘͠Έ͸୯७ ʮ***ͷArrayʯΛදݱͰ͖Δ ͜Ε͚ͩͰ΋࢖͑Δ͔΋ʁ case ary when ArrayOf(String) # ... when ArrayOf(Regexp)

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{ "1": {"slime": "A"}, "2": {"slime": "B"}, "3": {"slime": "C"} } Hashがあらわれた!

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Hash? Encount = TypeStruct.new( enemies: Hash )

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Golang & Crystal class Encount JSON.mapping({ enemies: Hash(String, Slime) }) end type Encount struct { Enemies map[string]Slime }

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HashOf

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HashOf Encount = TypeStruct.new( enemies: HashOf(String, Slime) ) encount = Encount.from_hash( enemies: { "1" => {"slime": "A"}, "2" => {"slime": "B"}, "3" => {"slime": "C"} } ) encount.enemies.each do |index, slime|

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HashOf class HashOf def initialize(key_type, value_type) @key_type = key_type @value_type = value_type end def ===(h) h.all? do |k, v| @key_type === k && @value_type === v end end end

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Booleanがあらわれた! Nullがあらわれた! [ true, false, null ]

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Golang & Crystal type Figure struct { Show bool } class Figure JSON.mapping({ show: Bool }) end

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include Boolean? module Boolean end class TrueClass include Boolean end class FalseClass include Boolean end Boolean === true #=> true Boolean === false #=> true Boolean === Object.new #=> false

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Null type Canvas struct { item: Item } class Canvas item: { type: Item, nilable: true } end

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Slimeがあらわれた! [ {"slime": "A"}, {"name": "drakee"}, {"hp": 100, "type": "Golem"} ] Drakeeがあらわれた! Golemがあらわれた!

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⚰

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Union

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Union class Union def initialize(*classes) @classes = classes end def ===(obj) @classes.any? { |c| c === obj } end end

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Union module Ext refine Class do def |(other) Union.new(self, other) end end end using Ext

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Union Integer | String # 123 or "hi" TrueClass | FalseClass # true or false ArrayOf(Item) | NilClass # [Item] or nil ArrayOf(Slime | Drakee | Golem) # [Slime or Drakee or Golem]

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Union Crystalͷจ๏͔Βഈआ `Class#|`Λఆٛ͢ΔͱͦΕͬΆ͘ͳΔ ޙʹ໰୊ࣇͱͳΔ

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ダックタイピングがあらわれた!

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Interface

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Interface class Interface def initialize(*methods) @methods = methods end def ===(other) @methods.all? do |m| other.respond_to?(m) end end end

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Interface Reader = Interface.new(:read) Writer = Interface.new(:write) Stream = TypeStruct.new( input: Reader, output: Writer, ) Stream.new(input: $stdin, output: StringIO.new)

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Interface μοΫλΠϐϯά༻ golangͷΑ͏ʹclassͱͷґଘΛͳ͍ͨ͘͠ ϝιου͕ఆٛ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͔͚ͩΛνΣοΫ ࡞ͬͯΈ͚ͨͲͦΜͳʹ࢖͏৔໘͕ࢥ͍ු͔͹ͳ ͍(·͓ͩͨͤͯͳ͍) ར༻γʔϯΛ໛ࡧத

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TypeStructͷϝϦοτ JSONΛTypeStructʹ౰ͯ͸ΊΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ StructͷϝϦοτ͸ͦͷ··ڗड typoରࡦ, ίʔυͷݟͨ໨, σόοάͷ͠΍ ͢͞ ୯७ͳ࡞ΓͳͷͰɺগͣͭ͠ಋೖ΋Ͱ͖Δ

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TypeStructͷϝϦοτ ಈ࡞͢ΔυΩϡϝϯτͱͯ͠ศར هԱʹཔΒͳ͍͍ͯ͘ ৽ਓ͔Βͷʮ͜ͷJSONͬͯͲ͏͍͏ߏ଄͕͋ Γ͑ΔΜͰ͔͢ʁʯͱ͍͏࣭໰ʹଈ౴Ͱ͖Δɻ PRͰܕͷมߋ఺Λٞ࿦Ͱ͖Δ

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TypeStructͷσϝϦοτ Union͸ॾਕͷ݋ σόοά͕͠ʹ͘͘ͳΔ ͍͋·͍͕͞࢈·ΕΔ ܕΛॻ͘ͷ͕ΊΜͲ͍͘͞ ͪΐͬͱͨ͠΋ͷΑΓɺෳ਺ਓͰͷ։ൃ޲͖

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TypeStruct·ͱΊ ݱঢ়͸JSONΛclassνΣοΫͭͭ͠Objectʹ ͢Δ΋ͷͱͯ͠࢖͍ͬͯΔ ෳ਺ਓͰΧονϦͱ࡞ΔͷʹΉ͍ͯΔ Scope͕޿͍৔߹ʹศར

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࣮૷Ͱ໎ͬͨॴ nilΛڐՄ͢΂͖͔ɺͤ͟Δ΂͖͔ UnionΛڐ͢΂͖͔ ࣮૷ଆ΋࢖͏ଆ΋ෳࡶʹͳΔ crystal΍golangͰ͸ɺJSONม׵ʹ͸࢖͑ͳ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔ nilͱBoolean͑͞ͳΜͱ͔ͳΕ͹ɺ͍Βͳ͍͔΋ ҉໧ͷม׵Λ͢΂͖͔

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Rubyʹܕ͕͋Δͱ ศར͔ʁ

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ศར

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Ruby3

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Ruby3 http://www.slideshare.net/yukihiro_matz/ feeding-the-sharks/143 http://www.atdot.net/~ko1/activities/ 2016_RubyConfLT_pub.pdf

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※ Ruby3ͷܕ͸ ࠓճͷൃදͷΑ͏ͳ΋ͷͱ͸ શ͘ҧ͍·͢

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Ruby3(ͷల๬Λฉ͍ͨ࿩) ੩తνΣοΫ => method͕ݺ΂Δ͔ͷࣄલcheck RubyϨϕϧͰ͸AnnotationΛॻ͔ͳ͍ => def meth(arg : Foo)Έ͍ͨͳ͜ͱ͸͠ͳ͍ CϨϕϧͷmethod͸શ෦AnnotationΛॻ͘ => େมͦ͏ɻɻɻ

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͜Ε͔Β ੩తղੳ͸௅ઓͯ͠Έ͍ͨ TAPLಡΉͷ͕Μ͹Δ Rubyͷ͘͠ΈΛֶͿ ଞͷݴޠʹ΋৮Ε͍ͯ͘

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͓ΘΓ