Jakarta EE 10 and Beyond Reza Rahman Jakarta EE Ambassador, Author, Blogger, Speaker [email protected] @reza_rahman

Jakarta EE • Java EE transitioned from JCP to Eclipse Foundation as Jakarta EE • Open governance, open source, open compatibility testing • Well-defined specification process, clear IP flow, vendor-neutral open collaboration, level playing field • Key stakeholders maintained if not expanded including Oracle, IBM, Red Hat, Payara and VMware • Community participation and contribution key https://jakarta.ee

The Importance of Jakarta EE • Jakarta EE is an important part of the Java ecosystem • 25-35% of Java applications run on Jakarta EE application servers • WildFly, Payara, GlassFish, JBoss EAP, WebSphere/Liberty, WebLogic • 70-80% of Java applications depend on at least one or more Jakarta EE APIs • Tomcat, Hibernate, ActiveMQ, Jetty, CXF, Jersey, RESTEasy, Quarkus, MicroProfile, Spring 2022 Jakarta EE Developer Survey: https://outreach.eclipse.foundation/jakarta-ee-developer-survey-2022

Jakarta EE Evolution

A Lively Ecosystem

Jakarta EE 9/9.1 • Jakarta EE 9 moves all relevant specifications from javax to jakarta namespace • Remove older technologies • Jakarta EE 9.1 adapts to Java SE 11 as opposed to Java SE 8 • Primarily aimed for ecosystem to adapt to Jakarta

Ambassadors’ Jakarta EE 11 Contribution Guide https://jakartaee-ambassadors.io/guide-to-contributing-to-jakarta-ee-11 @jee_ambassadors

• CDI Alignment • @Asynchronous, @Schedule, @Lock, @MaxConcurrency in Concurrency, @MessageListener in Messaging, @RolesAllowed, @RunAs in Security • Better CDI support in Batch, REST, Concurrency • Java SE Alignment • CompletionStage in Concurrency • Bootstrap APIs for REST, Messaging • Closing standardization gaps • OpenID Connect, JWT alignment, batch job definition Java API, @ManagedExecutorDefinition, more SQL support, multipart/form-data • Core/Microservices Profile • Deprecation/removal • EJB Entity Beans, embeddable EJB container, deprecated Servlet/Faces/CDI features • Innovation • NoSQL, MVC, Configuration, Repositories, gRPC Jakarta EE 10 in Context Made it! On the way Gap

• CDI Alignment • @Asynchronous in Concurrency • Better CDI support in Batch • Java SE Alignment • CompletionStage, ForkJoinPool, parallel streams in Concurrency • Bootstrap APIs for REST • Closing standardization gaps • OpenID Connect, @ManagedExecutorDefinition, UUID as entity keys, more SQL support, multipart/form-data, @ClientWindowScoped, @View • Core Profile • Deprecation/removal • EJB Entity Beans, embeddable EJB container, deprecated Servlet/Faces/CDI features Jakarta EE 10 Themes

Jakarta EE 10 at a Glance Authorization 2.1 Activation 2.1 Batch 2.1 Connectors 2.1 Mail 2.1 Messaging 3.1 Enterprise Beans 4.0 RESTful Web Services 3.1 JSON Processing 2.1 JSON Binding 3.0 Annotations 2.1 CDI Lite 4.0 Interceptors 2.1 Dependency Injection 2.0 Servlet 6.0 Server Pages 3.1 Expression Language 5.0 Debugging Support 2.0 Standard Tag Libraries 3.0 Faces 4.0 WebSocket 2.1 Enterprise Beans Lite 4.0 Persistence 3.1 Transactions 2.0 Managed Beans 2.0 CDI 4.0 Authentication 3.0 Concurrency 3.0 Security 3.0 Bean Validation 3.0 Updated Not Updated New Platform Web Profile Core Profile

Jakarta Concurrency • Adding @ManagedExecutorDefinition, @ManagedScheduledExecutorDefinition, etc • CDI based, modernized equivalent for EJB @Asynchronous • Support for managed CompletionStage, ForkJoinPool, and parallel streams • CRON-like triggers

@ManagedExecutorDefinition @ContextServiceDefinition( name = "java:app/concurrent/AppContextOnly", propagated = APPLICATION, cleared = { TRANSACTION, SECURITY }, unchanged = ALL_REMAINING) @ManagedExecutorDefinition( name = "java:app/concurrent/MyExecutorService", context = "java:app/concurrent/AppContextOnly", maxAsync = 5) ... @Resource(name = "java:app/concurrent/MyExecutorService") private ManagedExecutorService executor;

@Asynchronous @Asynchronous(executor = "java:app/concurrent/MyExecutorService") public CompletableFuture processPayment(Order order) { try { ... Confirmation status = ...; return Asynchronous.Result.complete(status); } catch (...) { throw new CompletionException(x); ... } paymentService .processPayment(order) .thenAccept( confirmation -> System.out.println(confirmation));

Jakarta REST • Standalone bootstrap API • Support for multipart/form-data • @Context deprecated in preparation for better alignment with CDI • Better support for HTTP cookies • Better default exception mapping

Bootstrap API SeBootstrap.Instance instance = SeBootstrap.start(new Application() { @Override public Set> getClasses() { return Collections.singleton(GreetingResource.class); } }).toCompletableFuture().get(); try (Client client = ClientBuilder.newClient()) { final Response response = client.target(instance.configuration() .baseUriBuilder().path("greet/World")) .request().get(); System.out.println(response.readEntity(String.class)); } instance.stop().toCompletableFuture().get();

multipart/form-data @Path("/apply") @POST @Consumes(MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA) public Response applyForJob( @FormParam("name") String name, @FormParam("recentPhoto") EntityPart photo, @FormParam("resume") EntityPart resume) { processApplication(name, photo.getMediaType(), photo.getContent(), resume.getMediaType(), resume.getContent()); return Response.ok("Application received").build(); }

Jakarta Security • OpenID Connect support • Serializable principal • Generics, default methods, exception cause added to Jakarta Authentication • Generic type added to Jakarta Authorization

@OpenIdAuthenticationDefinition @OpenIdAuthenticationDefinition( providerURI = "https://accounts.google.com", clientId = "${config.clientId}", clientSecret = "${config.clientSecret}", redirectURI = "${baseURL}/callback", redirectToOriginalResource = true )

Jakarta Persistence • Support for UUID for keys • CEILING, EXP, FLOOR, LN, POWER, ROUND, SIGN added to JPQL • LOCAL DATE, LOCAL DATETIME, and LOCAL TIME added to JPQL • EXTRACT added to JPQL • EntityManagerFactory/EntityManager extends AutoCloseable

UUID Key @Entity public class Item { @Id @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.UUID) private java.util.UUID id; private String description; ... }

Jakarta Faces • @ClientWindowScoped • Pure Java Programmatic @View • Automatic extensionless mapping jakarta.faces.AUTOMATIC_EXTENSIONLESS_MAPPING true • type attribute in • multiple and accept attributes in • layout="list" for and • onerror attribute in • and • Removal of JSP support, managed beans

Pure Java Faces View @View("/hello.xhtml") @ApplicationScoped public class Hello extends Facelet { ... HtmlForm form = components.create(HtmlForm.COMPONENT_TYPE); body.getChildren().add(form); HtmlOutputText message = components.create(HtmlOutputText.COMPONENT_TYPE); form.getChildren().add(message); HtmlCommandButton actionButton = components.create(HtmlCommandButton.COMPONENT_TYPE); actionButton.addActionListener(e -> message.setValue("Hello, World")); actionButton.setValue("Do action"); form.getChildren().add(actionButton); ... }

Core Profile Updated Not Updated New RESTful Web Services 3.1 JSON Processing 2.1 JSON Binding 3.0 Annotations 2.1 CDI Lite 4.0 Interceptors 2.1 Dependency Injection 2.0

CDI • CDI Lite targets Jakarta EE Core Profile and native compiled runtimes/build-time injection • CDI Lite excludes some features • Session/conversation scope, bean discovery mode = all, portable extensions, decorators, passivation • New build-compatible extensions API added as an alternative to portable extensions • Empty beans.xml means bean discovery mode = all annotated

Other Changes • Java SE 11 required; Java SE 17 supported • Batch • Formalize CDI beans as Batch artifacts • @Inject JobOperator • @BatchProperty supports more Java types, @BatchProperty in methods/constructors • JSON Binding • Polymorphic serialization/deserialization • JPMS support

Jakarta EE 11 Themes • CDI Alignment • @Schedule, @Lock, @MaxConcurrency in Concurrency, @MessageListener in Messaging, @RolesAllowed, @RunAs in Security • Better CDI support in REST, Batch, Concurrency • Java SE Alignment • Adapting to Records • Bootstrap API for Messaging • Modularity, standalone TCKs • Closing standardization gaps • JWT/OAuth alignment, batch job definition Java API, @Service • Deprecation • EJB • Innovation • NoSQL, MVC, Configuration, Repositories, gRPC

Ways of Contributing • Follow Jakarta EE technologies that interest you and share opinion • https://jakarta.ee/connect/mailing-lists/ • Advocate for a specific change or feature • https://jakarta.ee/projects/ • Help implement a change in API, specification, TCK or implementation • Sign Eclipse Contributor Agreement • https://www.eclipse.org/legal/ECA.php • Becoming a committer comes much later • Engage an Ambassador if needed • https://jakartaee-ambassadors.io

Summary • Jakarta EE 8, 9, 9.1 very significant for the future of Java • Many important changes for Jakarta EE 10 and beyond • Jakarta EE 11 work already started - time to get involved is now!

Resources • JakartaOne Livestream recordings • https://jakartaone.org • Jakarta EE Community alias • https://accounts.eclipse.org/mailing-list/jakarta.ee-community • Jakarta EE Twitter handle • @JakartaEE • Jakarta Tech Talks • https://www.meetup.com/jakartatechtalks_

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