Webサービス開発の変遷と現在

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8FCαʔϏε։ൃτϨϯυͷ มભͱݱࡏ /BPZB*UP ,"*;&/QMBUGPSN*OD )BDLFST$IBNQMPP

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ԭೄͷΈͳ͞Μ͜Μʹͪ͸

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ΞδΣϯμ •  ೥͘Β͍ͷ8FC։ൃΛৼΓฦΔ •  ࡢࠓͷ8FCαʔϏε։ൃϓϩηε •  ߟ࡯

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͜ͷ೥ͷ8FC։ൃͷมભ

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ΤϙοΫϝΠΩϯάͩͬͨࣄ •  +&& •  ΞδϟΠϧ։ൃ •  044 •  -".1 •  3BJMT"KBY •  εϚʔτϑΥϯ •  Ϋϥ΢υ •  Ϗοάσʔλ •  (JU)VC ೥ࠒ ೥୅த൫ Ҏ߱

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ͬ͘͟Γ෼͚Δͱ •  ೥લޙ –  +&&ɺΞδϟΠϧ։ൃ •  ೥୅த൫ –  044ɺ-".1ɺ3BJMT"KBY •  Ҏ߱ –  εϚʔτϑΥϯ –  Ϋϥ΢υɺϏοάσʔλ –  (JU)VC

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ࣗ෼ͷλΠϜϥΠϯͱॏͶΔ •  ೥લޙ –  +&&ɺΞδϟΠϧ։ൃ •  ೥୅த൫ –  044ɺ-".1ɺ3BJMT"KBY •  Ҏ߱ –  εϚʔτϑΥϯ –  Ϋϥ΢υɺϏοάσʔλ –  (JU)VC χϑςΟ ʙ ͸ͯͳ ʙ (3&& ʙ ,"*;&/QMBUGPSN*OD ʙ

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೥લޙ •  +&&ɺΞδϟΠϧ։ൃ –  4USVUTɺ91 •  ʮ8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʯͱ͍͏֓೦͕ఆண͠ ͨ •  ΤϯλʔϓϥΠζͰੜ·Εͨ։ൃख๏ɾιϑτ ΢ΣΞ͕ίϯγϡʔϚ։ൃʹ –  4PMBSJTɺ0SBDMFɺ+BWBɺ/FUTDBQF&OUFSQSJTF 4FSWFS ࣮ࡍʹۀ຿Ͱ࢖ͬͯ·ͨ͠

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౰࣌ͷงғؾ •  ݸਓ͕ద౰ʹॻ͍ͨεΫϦϓτͰ͸μϝ •  Ұํɺ+&&΍ΤϯλʔϓϥΠζख๏͸ɺ΍ͬ ͯΈΔͱ8FCʹ͸ॏ͍ •  ঃʑʹεΫϦϓτݴޠ 1FSM 1)1 Ͱͷ8FC ։ൃ΍ɺΞδϟΠϧ։ൃ͕੝Γ্͕Γ࢝ΊΔ ʮ1FSM͸+BWBΑΓ஗͍͔ Βμϝʯͱ՝௕ʹݴΘΕ ͨͷ΋ࠓͰ͸Α͍ࢥ͍ग़ Ͱ͢

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(PPHMFͷ୆಄ ςΫϊϩδʔ͕ۀքΛݗ Ҿ͢Δɺͱ͍͏ைྲྀ

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೥୅த൫ •  044ɺ-".1 – εΫϦϓτݴޠͰ։ൃ͢ΔࣄʹҟΛএ͑Δਓ ͸͍ͳ͘ͳͬͨ – -JOVYɺ.Z42-ͳͲ͕࣮༻తͳ඼࣭ʹ •  Χʔωϧ΍.Z42-ͷϨϓϦέʔγϣϯػ ೳ

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౰࣌ͷงғؾ •  8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͸ɺ΋ͬͱΧδϡΞϧʹ࡞ΕΔ ͸ͣ –  -".1΍044ʹ৐͔ͬΓɺݸਓ΍খ͞ͳूஂ͕8FCαʔϏ εΛੜΈग़࣌͢୅ʹ –  ˠ8FC –  ։ൃϓϩηε΋ɺͦΕʹ߹ΘͤͯϥΠτ΢ΣΠτʹ ͸ͯͳɺͱ͍͏ͷ͸·͞ ʹͦΕΛମݱͨ͠Α͏ͳ ूஂͰͨ͠

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8FC •  (PPHMFͷϋοΧʔΧϧνϟʔ •  044΍-".1ʹΑͬͯɺΤϯύϫʔϝϯτ͞Εͨݸਓ ΍খ͞ͳूஂ •  ͦ͏͍͏த͔Βग़͖ͯͨ৽͍͠8FCاۀ

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3BJMTͱ"KBY •  ͦͷޙͷ8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃͷ ํ޲ੑΛܾఆ͚ͮͨͭͷτϨϯυ – 8FC͸จࣈ௨ΓʮΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʯʹͳ Δ – ෳࡶͳ͜ͱΛ؆୯ʹˠ8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣ ϯ͕ߴ౓Խ͍ͯ͘͠ͱ͍͏લஹ

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h"p://www.slideshare.net/yohei/webapi-‐36871915

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Ҏ߱ •  Ϋϥ΢υɺϏοάσʔλɺ(JU)VC –  *5ͷத৺ͱͳͬͨ8FC •  5IFDPOTVNFSJ[BUJPOPG*5ᴷίϯγϡʔϚ͔ΒΤϯ λʔϓϥΠζ΁ɻߏ଄ͷٯస –  Ϋϥ΢υ *BB41BB4 ŋŋŋෳࡶԽ͍ͯ͘͠8FCΞ ϓϦέʔγϣϯ։ൃͷ෦඼ΛʮαʔϏεʯʹ –  খ͞ͳूஂͰ΋ߴ౓ͳΞϓϦέʔγϣϯɻେ͖ͳूஂ ͸ΑΓෳࡶ׌ͭߴ౓ͳγεςϜ ଓ͚ͯɺ͜ͷลΛΈ ͍͖ͯ·͢

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(JU)VCͱΫϥ΢υͷ࣌୅ ΠϚίί

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,"*;&/QMBUGPSN*OD "#ςετΫϥ΢υαʔϏεQMBO#$%Λ։ൃ͢Δ໊ఔ౓ͷελʔτΞοϓ

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8FC։ൃͷӈཌྷɾࠨཌྷ •  ϥΠτ΢Οϯά – ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯɺܧଓతσϦό ϦʔɺςετࣗಈԽFUD •  Ϩϑτ΢Οϯά – εΫϥϜɺேձɺࣗݾ૊৫ԽFUD cf. h"p://blogs.itmedia.co.jp/hiranabe/2012/09/rightwing-‐and-‐leDwing-‐of-‐agile.html

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։ൃϓϩηε •  ϥΠτ΢Οϯά ٕज़తϓϥΫςΟε –  (JU)VCɺίʔυϨϏϡʔ –  ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯσϦόϦʔ –  $IBU0QT –  Ϋϥ΢υͷ׆༻ •  Ϩϑτ΢Οϯά νʔϜ؀ڥ –  ϦϞʔτϫʔΫ –  ேձɺ,15 –  2JJUB5FBNʹΑΔ৘ใڞ༗ –  ࣗݾ૊৫Խ ओʹͬͪ͜ͷ࿩Λ͠ ·͢

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(JU)VC •  (JUSFQPTJUPSZIPTUJOHˠ4PDJBM $PEJOH – (JUͷͨΊͷதԝϨϙδτϦݟ͑ΔԽ – ίϛϡχέʔγϣϯ 044։ൃͳͲʹ࢖͏ɺ͔ Βɺ͜ͷʙ೥Ͱʮا ۀ಺Ͱ΋࢖͏ʯ΁

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(JU)VCͰϓϧϦΫ։ൃ ͢΂ͯͷมߋ͸1VMM 3FRVFTUͰ

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ϓϧϦΫ։ൃͷ࣮ࡍ •  Ұߦͷมߋ΋ϓϧϦΫͰ – Ϛʔδૢ࡞ʹϫʔΫϑϩʔ͕ඥ෇͍ͯΔ͔Β ޙड़ – Ұߦͷมߋɺͱ͔ͷ࣌΄Ͳো֐͕͓͖΍͍͢ $PPLQBEஊ

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ʮ(JU)VC্Ͱ࿩͢ʯͷ ͕Α͍࡞๏ ձ࿩ͷݟ͑ ΔԽ ίʔυϨϏϡʔ

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ίʔυϨϏϡϫʔͷࣗಈΞαΠϯ

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8*1 8PSL*O1SPHSFTT ʮऴΘ͔ͬͯΒ1VMM 3FRVFTUʯͰ͸ͳ͘ ʮ࢝ΊΔͱ͖ʹ1VMM 3FRVFTUʯ

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ܧଓతΠϯςάϨʔγϣϯ $JSDMF$*

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1VMM3FRVFTUͱ$* •  มߋͷͨͼʹςετ •  ςετ݁Ռ͸1VMM3FRVFTU্ͰՄࢹԽ

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Ϛʔδͨ͠ΒσϓϩΠ •  $JSDMF$*ͰσϓϩΠ –  ಛఆͷϒϥϯνʹมߋ͕͋ͬͨΒσϓϩΠ –  1VMM3FRVFTUΛϚʔδ͢ΔσϓϩΠ͢Δ production: branch: deployment/production commands: -‐ ./script/assets_precompile.sh: -‐ bundle exec cap production deploy:migrations: qa: branch: deployment/qa commands: -‐ ./script/assets_precompile.sh: -‐ bundle exec cap qa deploy:migrations:

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ܧଓతσϦόϦʔ master deployment/ edge deployment/ qa มߋ͸NBTUFS ΁QVMMSFRVFTU NFSHFͨ͠ ΒࣗಈͰ FEHF΁ɻ (開発環境) ຊ൪ϦϦʔε͸ NBTUFS͔ΒRB΁ QVMMSFRVFTU RB΁NFSHF͞ ΕΔͱ2"؀ڥ΁ࣗ ಈσϓϩΠ FEHF΁QVTI ͞ΕΔͱ։ൃػ΁ ࣗಈσϓϩΠ deployment/ production 2"ऴΘͬͨ ΒQSPEVDUJPO ΁ಉ༷ʹ

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1VMM3FRVFTUσϓϩΠ •  σϓϩΠλεΫ͸1VMM3FRVFTUͰ࣮ߦ –  σϓϩΠͷݟ͑ΔԽ –  NFSHFϘλϯΛԡ͢ͱ$JSDMF$*ܦ༝ͰσϓϩΠ͕૸Δ

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͜Εԡ͢ɻҎ্ ݁ՌɺσϓϩΠͷํ๏

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$IBU0QT •  IVCPU •  CPUʹ͓ئ͍ͯ͠ΦϖϨʔγϣϯ

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ϦϦʔε࣌ͷνΣοΫϦετΛ IVCPU͕ࣗಈ࡞੒

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࠷ۙ͸CPU͕CPUΛಈ͔ͯ͠Δ ʮ͓લͷมߋؒ΋ͳ͘Ͱ Δ͔Β࠷ऴ֬ೝ͠ΖΑʯ ͱ͍͏ͷ΋IVCPU͕ఆظ తʹݺͼ͔͚ͯ͘Δ CPU͕IVCPUʹ ໋ྩΛग़͢

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(JU)VCͰมΘͬͨ͜ͱ •  044։ൃͷΑ͏ͳ΍ΓํΛɺاۀ΍νʔ Ϝ։ൃʹ΋ ͦ͏͍͑͹(PPHMF͕ɺͦ Μͳ΍ΓํΛͯ͠Δͱ͍ͣ ͿΜલʹݴͬͯͨ

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(JU)VCͰมΘͬͨ͜ͱ •  1VMM3FRVFTUʹϫʔΫϑϩʔΛू໿͞ ͤΔɺͱ͍͏ߟ͑ํ – ίʔυϨϏϡʔɺςετɺ2"ɺσϓϩΠŋŋŋ – ؔ࿈λεΫ͕ɺͭͷ1VMM3FRVFTUͷจ຺ Ͱ·ͱΊΒΕΔ ʮ˓˓ͱ͍͏ػೳΛ௥Ճ͢ΔͨΊ ʹߦΘΕͨίϛοτ܈ɺσΟε ΧογϣϯɺϨϏϡʔ݁Ռɺςɹ ετͷཤྺŋŋŋʯͰҰͭͷ1VMM 3FRVFTU

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Ϋϥ΢υαʔϏεͷ࣌୅ •  ࣗ෼ͨͪͷϑΥʔΧεͰͳ͍ͱ͜Ζ͸ɺ ੵۃతʹΫϥ΢υ΁Ξ΢τιʔε

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"84 QMBO#$%ͷαʔόʔΠ ϯϑϥ͸શͯ"84Ͱ

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)FSPLV •  IVCPU΍QMBO#$%ͷαϒγεςϜͷӡ ༻ʹར༻

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$JSDMF$* $JBTB4FSWJDF ςετ࣮ߦ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺ σϓϩΠͳͲ(JU)VC ϫʔΫϑϩʔͷ΋͏ͻͱ ͭͷཁʹͳ͍ͬͯ·͢

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$BTQFS+4Ͱ&&

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&&Λ$JSDMF$*Ͱ

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4USJQF ܾࡁ

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.BOESJMM ϝʔϧૹ৴

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#VHTOBH ྫ֎؅ཧ

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#SPXTFS4UBDL Ϋϩεϒϥ΢βςετ

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IVCPUͰΫϩεϒϥ΢βͷ εΫγϣࡱӨ

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.BDLFSFM ϞχλϦϯά

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/FX3FMJD ϞχλϦϯάͱ؂ࢹ

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1BHFS%VUZ Ξϥʔτ TFOTV͕ҟৗΛݕ஌͢ Δͱ1BHFS%VUZ͕ࣗ ಈͰ୲౰ʹ ి࿩

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#JH2VFSZ σʔλղੳ ԯϨίʔυΛ਺ඵͰ 42- .11

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%FWFMPQFS1SPEVDUJWJUZ •  2ʮ͜ͷखͷಋೖͷۀ຿࣌ؒͲ͏΍ͬͯ࡞ΔΜͰ͔͢ ʯ •  "ʮͦΕΛϛογϣϯʹͯ͠ΔνʔϜ͕͋Γ·͢ʯ ଞࣾͰ΋ࣅͨΑ͏ͳ࿩Λ ͱ͖Ͳ͖ฉ͘

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ࢥͬͨ͜ͱ

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8FCͷਐԽ͸ࢭ·Βͳ͍ •  ೥ؒɺԿ౓΋͜ΕͰܾఆ൛͔ͱࢥͬͨ ͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨ – ࣮ࡍ͸ɺͦ͜Ͱࢭ·Δ͜ͱ͸ͳ͔ͬͨ •  (PPHMFɺ'BDFCPPLɺ5XJUUFS •  3BJMTɺ/PEFKTɺJ04"OESPJEɺ(PMBOH •  ͲΜͲΜߴ౓ԽɾෳࡶԽ͢Δ8FCΞϓϦέʔγϣ ϯεϚʔτϑΥϯ։ൃ ͍ͭ·Ͱཱͬͯ΋མͪ ண͔ͳ͍

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ະདྷ༧ଌ͸೉͍͠ •  (JU)VC͕ɺΫϥ΢υ͕ɺΈ͍ͨͳ௚͙ۙΒ͍ ͸͋Δఔ౓ݟ͑Δ •  େ͖ͳมԽ͸ಥવ΍ͬͯ͘Δɻ༧ଌͰ͖ͳ͍ –  3VCZPO3BJMTͷϦϦʔεɺ"84ɺ(JU)VCͷا ۀ಺Ͱͷར༻ŋŋŋFUD –  όζϫʔυͱݴΘΕ͍ͯͨ΋ͷ΋ɺؾͮ͘ͱఆணͨ͠ Γ͢Δ ྫΫϥ΢υɺϏοάσʔλ

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ະདྷ༧ଌΑΓɺมԽ΁ͷదԠ •  มԽ͢Δ͜ͱΛલఏʹɺదԠ͠ଓ͚Δ͔͠ͳ͍ –  ܧଓతʹ –  ΞδϦςΟͷ޲্ •  ໘ന͍͜ͱ͕ىͬͨ͜ͱ͖ɺͬ͞ͱඈͼ͔͔Ε Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ –  ݸਓతʹ΋ɺνʔϜతʹ΋ –  จԽॏཁ

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อकతPSਐาత ೉͍͠ŋŋŋ •  ผʹɺ৽͍͜͠ͱ͕ॏཁͳͷͰ͸ͳ͍ –  ྡͷࣳ͸ৗʹ੨͍ –  ྲྀߦΛऔΓೖΕΔ͜ͱ͕ඞͣ͠΋ਖ਼ղͱ͸ݴ͑ͳ͍ •  ݴޠΛ৐Γ׵͑ͨΒ࣍ͷݴޠ͕དྷͨɺͱ͔ɻӬٱʹϑΥʔΧεͰ͖ ͳ͍ •  อकత͗ͯ͢΋औΓ࢒͞ΕΔ –  ʮखஈͱ໨తΛཤ͖ҧ͑Δͳʯ͓͡͞Μ –  खஈΛ໨తԽͯ͠Ͱ΋৐͔ͬͬͨํ͕݁Ռతʹྑ͍͜ͱ΋͋Δ

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ͳͥখ͞ͳνʔϜ͕༗ར͔ খ͞ͳνʔϜ͸มԽ΁ ͷ఍߅ྗ͕খ͍͞

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اۀ͸੒௕͢΂͖͔ •  Α͘Θ͔Βͳ͍ – ιϑτ΢ΣΞ։ൃʹ͓͍ͯ͸ େہతʹ͸ খ ͞ͳνʔϜͷํ͕༗ར – (PPHMF΍'BDFCPPLͷΑ͏ͳ)BDLFS 8BZ͕εέʔϧ͢Δ૊৫ͷͨΊͷཁૉɺ͔ ΋ •  େ͖͘ͳͬͯ΋յͤΔจԽ •  ϗϥΫϥγʔ

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݁࿦͸ŋŋŋͳ͠ •  ͳͥͳΒɺ͜Ε͔Β΋มԽ͠ଓ͚Δ͔Β •  େࣄʹ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ – ʮͦͷ࣌ͦͷ࣌Ͱɺೲಘͯ͠΍Ε͍ͯΔ͔ʯ •  ࠓࣗ෼͕΍͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕ɺେ࿮Ͱ͸ؒҧ͍ͬͯ ͳ͍ͱࢥ͑Δ͜ͱ •  ೲಘͰ͖͍ͯΕ͹ɺ޾ͤʹ։ൃͰ͖ΔɻೲಘͰ͖ ͳ͍ͳΒյ͢

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·ͱΊ •  8FC։ൃͷ೥ͱࠓΛΈͨ •  (JU)VCɺΫϥ΢υͷ࣌୅ •  ͜Ε͔Β΋8FC։ൃ͸8FCͱڞʹมԽ͠ ଓ͚Δ •  มԽʹదԠ •  ೲಘ͸ތΓ

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͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ ण࢘Ώ͖CZBXBZVLJ $$#:/$/%